Thalassaemia is present among Australia's ethnically diverse population. There is no national registry or standardized antenatal screening policy. Estimates indicate around 326 patients with beta thalassaemia major nationally, though numbers may be higher without a registry. Diagnostic testing and genetic counseling are available through specialist centers and hospital laboratories nationwide.
Thalassemia in Viet Nam by Prof.Nguyen Anh Tri MD Ph.D Director - National institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion President – Viet Nam Thalassemia Association
Treatment of patients with β-Thalassaemias focuses on improving outcomes through regular blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy to remove excess iron from previous transfusions. Advances in transfusion and chelation regimens have led to significantly improved survival rates over time. Maintaining low levels of iron overload through adherence to chelation therapy and monitoring of iron levels correlates strongly with reduced complications and improved long-term survival and outcomes for patients with thalassaemia major.
1. Thalassemia is a major health issue in Indonesia due to its large population and ethnic diversity which results in a high frequency of thalassemia mutations.
2. The government has begun pilot prevention programs and provides some financial support for diagnosis and treatment, but challenges remain due to limited resources and the country's demographics.
3. Non-government organizations and health professionals are working to increase awareness and screening, but many affected individuals still go undiagnosed or do not receive adequate care due to the costs and complexities of managing the disease.
CURRENT SITUATION IN CONTROL STRATEGIES & HEALTH SYSTEMS IN ASIA - CAMBODIA by PRAK PISETH RAINGSEY, MD, DND, MPH Director Preventive Medicine Department MINISTRY OF HEALTH
Thalassemia in Viet Nam by Prof.Nguyen Anh Tri MD Ph.D Director - National institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion President – Viet Nam Thalassemia Association
Treatment of patients with β-Thalassaemias focuses on improving outcomes through regular blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy to remove excess iron from previous transfusions. Advances in transfusion and chelation regimens have led to significantly improved survival rates over time. Maintaining low levels of iron overload through adherence to chelation therapy and monitoring of iron levels correlates strongly with reduced complications and improved long-term survival and outcomes for patients with thalassaemia major.
1. Thalassemia is a major health issue in Indonesia due to its large population and ethnic diversity which results in a high frequency of thalassemia mutations.
2. The government has begun pilot prevention programs and provides some financial support for diagnosis and treatment, but challenges remain due to limited resources and the country's demographics.
3. Non-government organizations and health professionals are working to increase awareness and screening, but many affected individuals still go undiagnosed or do not receive adequate care due to the costs and complexities of managing the disease.
CURRENT SITUATION IN CONTROL STRATEGIES & HEALTH SYSTEMS IN ASIA - CAMBODIA by PRAK PISETH RAINGSEY, MD, DND, MPH Director Preventive Medicine Department MINISTRY OF HEALTH
Understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to reactivation or derepression of γ-globin gene by Jim Vadolas, Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital
This document provides statistics and information about thalassemia, including that it affects about 100,000 children worldwide each year. Treatment for one patient costs about $40,000 annually in the UAE. Screening and education programs can help reduce new thalassemia cases, saving billions of dollars in treatment costs over 40 years. The goal of screening programs in the UAE is to identify carrier couples and inform them of their options to avoid having an affected child.
Genotypes/phenotypes Thalassemia in Asia - by Suthat Fucharoen MD of the Thalassemia Research Center Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand.
MRI-based Monitoring Tools for Iron Chelation by Pairash Saiviroonporn, Ph.D., Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
This document discusses the multi-disciplinary care needs for patients with thalassaemia. Thalassaemia affects multiple organ systems over time as it progresses from a chronic anemia disease to one that impacts the heart, liver, endocrine system and more. It requires monitoring and treatment from specialists in cardiology, hepatology, endocrinology and others. The optimal approach is for patients to receive care at dedicated thalassaemia centers with a multi-disciplinary team that can coordinate treatment across specialties and properly manage the many complications that can arise for patients with this condition.
Bone marrow transplantation for thalassemia in lower resource settings - The Cure2Children Foundation experience in Pakistan. By Dr Naila Yaqub, Assistant Professor, Bone Marrow Transplant unit, The Children hospital, PIMS, Pakistan
This document summarizes a lecture on genetic association studies and candidate gene studies. It describes the differences between linkage and association studies, case-control and quantitative trait study designs, and candidate gene versus genome-wide association studies. Key concepts explained include population stratification, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, multiple testing corrections, and interpreting genetic association results. Examples are provided to illustrate genetic principles like counting alleles and expected genotypes.
This document provides an overview of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). It discusses the basic concept of GWAS, running and analyzing a GWAS, and interpreting the results. Key points include: GWAS genotype individuals for hundreds of thousands to millions of SNPs to look for associations with traits; extensive quality control is required; imputation can increase SNP coverage; statistical analysis includes computing p-values and correcting for multiple testing; significant findings still require replication in independent samples.
Gene therapy aims to cure β-thalassemias by using lentiviral vectors to insert functional β-globin genes into hematopoietic stem cells. The first patient treated achieved long-term transfusion independence with stable multi-year expression of the corrected globin. Analysis found most genetically modified cells contained the vector integrated near the HMGA2 gene, though the majority of cells remained unmodified. Ongoing work continues to optimize the therapy.
This document provides an overview of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). It defines key terms related to GWAS such as linkage disequilibrium, minor allele frequency, and odds ratio. It compares linkage mapping and association mapping. It describes the methodology of GWAS including identifying population structure, selecting case and control subjects, genotyping samples, and determining associated SNPs. It discusses challenges such as multiple hypothesis testing and population structure. It provides examples of successful GWAS in crops like maize and Arabidopsis. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive introduction and overview of GWAS.
Thalassemia in Laos: Situation Analysis by Dr. Sourideth Sengchanh, Dr. Alongkone Phengsavanh, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Khampe Phongsavat, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos. Presented by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Khampe Phongsavat.
Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Myanmar, Asia by PROFESSOR DR. NE WIN, DIRECTOR (LABORATORY AND BLOOD SERVICE), MINISTRY OF HEALTH, UNION OF MYANMAR
Screening for diabetes in Indigenous communities in Alberta, Canada: reframin...Kelli Buckreus
This document discusses screening for diabetes in Indigenous communities in Alberta, Canada. It provides background information on the high prevalence of diabetes and risk factors in Indigenous populations. It also reviews different community-based screening programs that have been implemented in Indigenous communities in Canada and their findings. The document discusses debates around population-based screening and considerations for conducting research and screening in Indigenous communities. It profiles some initiatives in Alberta to conduct mobile diabetes screening and monitoring of complications in Indigenous communities.
The document discusses current health trends in Australia. It identifies that life expectancy is rising and mortality rates are decreasing for many health issues like cancer, heart disease, and injuries. However, rates of chronic diseases like diabetes and obesity are increasing. Cancer, heart disease, and mental health issues remain the leading causes of disease burden. The data shows some health risks like smoking are declining, but other factors like overweight and obesity are ongoing problems.
HSC PDHPE Core 1 – Health Priorities in AustraliaVas Ratusau
The document discusses how priority health issues in Australia are identified. It notes that epidemiology plays a key role by measuring health status indicators like life expectancy, mortality rates, and prevalence of diseases and conditions. This data is collected by organizations like the Australian Bureau of Statistics and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The data shows trends like increasing life expectancy but also rising rates of obesity, diabetes, and mental health issues. Priority issues are identified based on factors like the social and economic burden of diseases.
Sexual Health Stream - Waterfront Room (All presentations combined)NACCHOpresentations
Indigenising interventions to impact STI and BBV inequality among First Peoples of Australia
In this document, James Ward discusses ongoing high rates of STIs among Aboriginal communities in Australia and potential strategies to address health inequalities. He notes STIs remain difficult to discuss and are particularly impacting remote areas. Recent initiatives discussed include the Young Deadly Free campaign promoting education and testing, national sentinel surveillance of testing coverage through ATLAS, and a national survey of Aboriginal youth knowledge and behaviors called GOANNA. Precision public health approaches using genomic and health services data are also proposed. Ward advocates for empowering Aboriginal leadership and centering community-based approaches to enable strength-based and culturally appropriate STI control.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to reactivation or derepression of γ-globin gene by Jim Vadolas, Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital
This document provides statistics and information about thalassemia, including that it affects about 100,000 children worldwide each year. Treatment for one patient costs about $40,000 annually in the UAE. Screening and education programs can help reduce new thalassemia cases, saving billions of dollars in treatment costs over 40 years. The goal of screening programs in the UAE is to identify carrier couples and inform them of their options to avoid having an affected child.
Genotypes/phenotypes Thalassemia in Asia - by Suthat Fucharoen MD of the Thalassemia Research Center Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand.
MRI-based Monitoring Tools for Iron Chelation by Pairash Saiviroonporn, Ph.D., Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
This document discusses the multi-disciplinary care needs for patients with thalassaemia. Thalassaemia affects multiple organ systems over time as it progresses from a chronic anemia disease to one that impacts the heart, liver, endocrine system and more. It requires monitoring and treatment from specialists in cardiology, hepatology, endocrinology and others. The optimal approach is for patients to receive care at dedicated thalassaemia centers with a multi-disciplinary team that can coordinate treatment across specialties and properly manage the many complications that can arise for patients with this condition.
Bone marrow transplantation for thalassemia in lower resource settings - The Cure2Children Foundation experience in Pakistan. By Dr Naila Yaqub, Assistant Professor, Bone Marrow Transplant unit, The Children hospital, PIMS, Pakistan
This document summarizes a lecture on genetic association studies and candidate gene studies. It describes the differences between linkage and association studies, case-control and quantitative trait study designs, and candidate gene versus genome-wide association studies. Key concepts explained include population stratification, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, multiple testing corrections, and interpreting genetic association results. Examples are provided to illustrate genetic principles like counting alleles and expected genotypes.
This document provides an overview of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). It discusses the basic concept of GWAS, running and analyzing a GWAS, and interpreting the results. Key points include: GWAS genotype individuals for hundreds of thousands to millions of SNPs to look for associations with traits; extensive quality control is required; imputation can increase SNP coverage; statistical analysis includes computing p-values and correcting for multiple testing; significant findings still require replication in independent samples.
Gene therapy aims to cure β-thalassemias by using lentiviral vectors to insert functional β-globin genes into hematopoietic stem cells. The first patient treated achieved long-term transfusion independence with stable multi-year expression of the corrected globin. Analysis found most genetically modified cells contained the vector integrated near the HMGA2 gene, though the majority of cells remained unmodified. Ongoing work continues to optimize the therapy.
This document provides an overview of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). It defines key terms related to GWAS such as linkage disequilibrium, minor allele frequency, and odds ratio. It compares linkage mapping and association mapping. It describes the methodology of GWAS including identifying population structure, selecting case and control subjects, genotyping samples, and determining associated SNPs. It discusses challenges such as multiple hypothesis testing and population structure. It provides examples of successful GWAS in crops like maize and Arabidopsis. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive introduction and overview of GWAS.
Thalassemia in Laos: Situation Analysis by Dr. Sourideth Sengchanh, Dr. Alongkone Phengsavanh, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Khampe Phongsavat, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos. Presented by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Khampe Phongsavat.
Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Myanmar, Asia by PROFESSOR DR. NE WIN, DIRECTOR (LABORATORY AND BLOOD SERVICE), MINISTRY OF HEALTH, UNION OF MYANMAR
Screening for diabetes in Indigenous communities in Alberta, Canada: reframin...Kelli Buckreus
This document discusses screening for diabetes in Indigenous communities in Alberta, Canada. It provides background information on the high prevalence of diabetes and risk factors in Indigenous populations. It also reviews different community-based screening programs that have been implemented in Indigenous communities in Canada and their findings. The document discusses debates around population-based screening and considerations for conducting research and screening in Indigenous communities. It profiles some initiatives in Alberta to conduct mobile diabetes screening and monitoring of complications in Indigenous communities.
The document discusses current health trends in Australia. It identifies that life expectancy is rising and mortality rates are decreasing for many health issues like cancer, heart disease, and injuries. However, rates of chronic diseases like diabetes and obesity are increasing. Cancer, heart disease, and mental health issues remain the leading causes of disease burden. The data shows some health risks like smoking are declining, but other factors like overweight and obesity are ongoing problems.
HSC PDHPE Core 1 – Health Priorities in AustraliaVas Ratusau
The document discusses how priority health issues in Australia are identified. It notes that epidemiology plays a key role by measuring health status indicators like life expectancy, mortality rates, and prevalence of diseases and conditions. This data is collected by organizations like the Australian Bureau of Statistics and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The data shows trends like increasing life expectancy but also rising rates of obesity, diabetes, and mental health issues. Priority issues are identified based on factors like the social and economic burden of diseases.
Sexual Health Stream - Waterfront Room (All presentations combined)NACCHOpresentations
Indigenising interventions to impact STI and BBV inequality among First Peoples of Australia
In this document, James Ward discusses ongoing high rates of STIs among Aboriginal communities in Australia and potential strategies to address health inequalities. He notes STIs remain difficult to discuss and are particularly impacting remote areas. Recent initiatives discussed include the Young Deadly Free campaign promoting education and testing, national sentinel surveillance of testing coverage through ATLAS, and a national survey of Aboriginal youth knowledge and behaviors called GOANNA. Precision public health approaches using genomic and health services data are also proposed. Ward advocates for empowering Aboriginal leadership and centering community-based approaches to enable strength-based and culturally appropriate STI control.
HSC PDHPE Core 1: Health Priorities in AustraliaVas Ratusau
This document discusses health priorities in Australia. It begins by outlining how priority health issues are identified through measuring a population's health status using epidemiology. Key measures include mortality, infant mortality, morbidity, and life expectancy. Priority issues are also identified by considering social justice principles and groups experiencing health inequities such as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, those in rural/remote areas, and lower socioeconomic groups. The document then discusses Australia's main health priorities as being cardiovascular disease, cancer, mental health issues, and diabetes. It emphasizes the role prevention and early intervention can play in addressing these priorities.
Public Health Issues for Asian Communities in Christchurch: Challenges and Tr...Human Rights Commission
This document discusses health statistics and issues for Asian populations in the Christchurch, New Zealand area. It provides demographic data showing the Asian population has grown to over 27,000 people. It then examines several health-related topics for Asians including youth sexual health, diabetes prevalence, immunization rates, language barriers, and the importance of culture and face. It notes that the last health needs analysis was in 2004 and is now out of date, and that there continue to be issues with access to interpreters, understanding medical instructions, and discrimination.
1) Indigenous communities in Australia continue to experience high rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and blood-borne viruses (BBVs) such as HIV, hepatitis C, and syphilis.
2) Several initiatives have been implemented to address this issue, including the Young Deadly Free campaign, but STIs and BBVs remain a significant problem.
3) New approaches combining health service data, pathogen genomics, and social determinants of health show promise in more precisely targeting interventions and eliminating diseases like hepatitis C.
1) Indigenous communities in Australia continue to experience high rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and blood-borne viruses (BBVs) such as HIV, hepatitis C, and syphilis.
2) Several initiatives have been implemented to address this issue, including the Young Deadly Free campaign, but STIs and BBVs remain a significant problem.
3) Moving forward, a "precision public health" approach is needed that incorporates health service data, social determinants of health, pathogen genomics, and community-led trials of new interventions.
This document summarizes a clinical meeting discussing a 3-month-old male patient, Ayan, who presented with jaundice, pale stool, and dark urine since 20 days of life. On examination, he was mildly pale and icteric with hepatomegaly but no other abnormalities. Investigations showed evidence of cholestasis. Ultrasound found an enlarged liver without a visualized gallbladder. Liver biopsy was compatible with biliary atresia. The final diagnosis was neonatal cholestasis due to biliary atresia. The treatment plan involved supportive care, ursodeoxycholic acid, phenobarbital, fat-soluble vitamin supplementation, and consideration of Kasai operation or liver
Italy has a well-established national system for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of haemoglobinopathies like thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD). There are over 130 clinical centers and 20 molecular diagnostic laboratories. In 2010, over 7,000 patients were followed, including over 4,000 with thalassemia major and over 1,300 with SCD. National guidelines are developed by the Italian Society of Thalassemias and Haemoglobinopathies. Regional registries collect clinical data and the National Institute of Health maintains a national registry. Some treatment options like chelation therapy and genetic counseling are available. Further research collaborations and funding are recommended to continue progress.
Beta thalassemia and thalassemia prevention 2021Imran Iqbal
This document provides information about beta thalassemia, including its classification, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, complications, management, prognosis, and prevention. It begins by defining beta thalassemia as a genetic disorder of hemoglobin synthesis where there is reduced or absent production of beta globin chains. It then discusses the different types of beta thalassemia, the genetic basis and inheritance patterns, clinical presentation including anemia and organomegaly, diagnostic testing including blood counts and hemoglobin electrophoresis, complications related to iron overload, and long-term management through blood transfusions and chelation therapy. The document concludes with topics of prognosis, highlighting increased mortality risks, and prevention through carrier screening,
Baby Naseeba, a 16 month old female, presented with pallor and difficulty breathing for 1 and 5 days respectively. She was diagnosed with thalassemia major at 8 months old based on blood tests showing Hb F of 96.1% and received two previous blood transfusions. Examination found pallor, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and malnutrition. Tests showed Hb of 4.5 g/dL, improving to 12 g/dL after transfusion. She requires lifelong regular transfusions and chelation therapy to manage her thalassemia major and secondary complications like iron overload and malnutrition.
This document contains a patient case report for Januka Katuwal, a 32-year-old female presenting with cessation of menstruation for over a month, abdominal pain for 8 hours, and vomiting for 8 hours. Her examination and investigations revealed a ruptured ectopic pregnancy in her right fallopian tube, which was then managed via an emergency laparotomy and right salpingectomy with left tubal ligation. The document also provides definitions, classifications, risk factors, clinical approaches, diagnostic methods, and management options for ectopic pregnancies.
“One of the most important building blocks of our nation is our concern for our children…” these words, quoted from a speech given by Nelson Mandela in 1997, will resonate louder than usual during the month of September that is recognised as Childhood Cancer Awareness month by the Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA). #ChildhoodCancerAwareness
Read more: http://www.cansa.org.za/caring-for-our-future/
A 3 month old child presented with neonatal hepatitis and ascites. Initial tests showed liver damage and worsening liver function. Further testing found very high levels of sialic acid in the urine, suggesting Salla disease. Salla disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by a defect in sialic acid metabolism, characterized by ascites and liver involvement. The child was treated supportively but died from complications within two weeks.
The document discusses barriers to accessing hepatitis C cure for people who inject drugs in Australia. It outlines that people who inject drugs experience stigma and stereotyping that prevents them from seeking and completing treatment. While medication is now available, elimination of hepatitis C by 2028 will be challenging due to barriers like cost, lack of education, discrimination, and poor access to healthcare especially in Aboriginal communities where hepatitis C rates are highest. Peer-led organizations like NUAA aim to support patients through education and harm reduction to help more people access treatment.
Similar to Australia - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia (20)
Genetic Screening and Prenatal Diagnosis of Thalassemias and Hemoglobinopathies in Taiwan Today by Ching-Tien Peng, MD, MPH, Superintendent & Prof. of The Children’s Hospital, China Medical University & Hospitals, Prof. of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
Taiwan has a population of over 23 million people with a GDP per capita of $18,603. The country implemented a National Health Insurance program in 1995 that provides coverage for inpatient, outpatient, and limited home care. Thalassemia is prevalent in Taiwan, with carrier rates of 5-8% for various types. The country has a national prevention program that screens pregnant women and provides confirmatory testing and genetic counseling. Treatment for thalassemia major includes regular blood transfusions paid for by National Health Insurance as well as iron chelation therapy. Multidisciplinary expert centers provide coordinated care and management for patients.
Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Philippines by ERNESTO d’J. YUSON MD, Thalassemia Center of the Philippines, Balikatang Thalassaemia
Current Care of Thalassaemia Major Patients in Hong Kong, China by Vincent Lee, Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Thalassaemia in Bangladesh by Dr. Waqar Ahmed Khan, MBBS, M.Phil who is Professor of Pathology, Bangladesh Institute of Child Health, Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital and President of Dhaka Shishu Hospital Thalassaemia, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia - Sri Lanka by Rasnayaka M Mudiyanse, Senior Lecturer in Paediatrics at the University of Peradeniya and Consultant Paediatrician at the Teaching Hospital in Peradeniya.
Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia - India by Roshan B.Colah, Scientist F- Deputy Director (SG), National Institute of Immunohaematology, Parel, Mumbai
Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia by Prof. Dr. Jovaria Mannan, Professor of Paediatrics, Chairperson of the Medical Advisory Board, Thalassaemia Federation of Pakistan
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Australia - Current Situation in Control Strategies and Health Systems in Asia
1. Thalassaemia in Australia
Dr Sant Rayn
Dr Sant‐Rayn Pasricha
Victorian Thalassaemia Service,
Southern Health
S h H lh
2. Australia
• Population: 22.7 million
– Predominantly urban:
• About 15 million
– Sydney: 4.6 million
– Melbourne: 4.1 million
– Brisbane: 3 million
– Perth: 1.7 million
– Adelaide: 1.2 million
– Hobart: 0.2 million
• Growth about 1.2% pa Average income: AUD $1,020.10/week
Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011
3. Australia
• A migrant country.
– As of 30 June 2010, 27% of the
Australian population was born
Australian population was born
overseas (6 million people).
– Third highest after Singapore and
Hong Kong.
• Birth rate:
12.3 births per 1000 population (2009 crude birth rate)
158th in the world
• Fertility rate (2009): 1.9 babies/ woman.
295,700 births in Australia in 2009
Since 1976, births have been below replacement.
Si 1976 bi th h b b l l t
(Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011)
4. Region of birth
Region of birth
• Australia: 73.2%
• Oceania and Antarctica (excl. Aust.): 3.1%
• North‐West Europe: 7.1%
• Southern and Eastern Europe: 3.7%
• North Africa and the Middle East: 1.5%
• South‐East Asia: 3.5%
• North‐East Asia: 3.0%
• Southern and Central Asia: 2.5%
• Americas: 1.1%
• Sub‐Saharan Africa: 1.3%
Australian Bureau of Statistics 2010
9. Australian Health System
Australian Health System
• Parallel government (public) and private system.
Parallel government (public) and private system
• Public system:
– Universal health insurance.
– Combined funding from state and federal governments
Combined funding from state and federal governments.
• Federal government:
– Primary health care
» May be free or copayment
– Medications (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme)
• State government:
– Public hospitals
» Inpatient and outpatient hospital care
Inpatient and outpatient hospital care
» Free of cost, generally no out of pocket expense.
– Doesn’t include dental, ambulance
• Private system:
y
– Private health insurance
• High income earners encouraged to purchase insurance through a system of tax rebates and penalties.
– Private hospitals (in and outpatient procedures)
– May be considerable out of pocket gap between funded expenses and actual cost.
10. Australian Health System
Australian Health System
• Expenditure
– 2008‐9: $112.8 billion (9.0% GDP).
– Hospitals $41,775 million (39.0% of total)
• Public hospitals $32,421 million
• Private hospitals $8,354 million
$
– Medical services $19,820 million (18.5%)
– Medications $15,206 million (14.2%)
di i $1 206 illi (14 2%)
(Australian Institute of Health and Welfare)
11. Australian Health System
Australian Health System
• Medications:
– Approval: Therapeutic Good Administration
– Funding: Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (list based on recommendations of
Funding: Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (list based on recommendations of
Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee – Minister/ Cabinet)
• Subsidisation of medications.
• Typical out of pocket cost is $34 20 on outpatient medications $5 60 if subsidised
Typical out of pocket cost is $34.20 on outpatient medications, $5.60 if subsidised
• Safety net limits maximum per annum spend: $1317.20 or $336.00 (concession).
12. Australian Government National Chronic
Diseases Policy 2005
• Overarching framework of national direction for improving chronic disease prevention and
O hi f k f i l di i f i i h i di i d
care across Australia.
• Focusing on cancer, diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular disease, stroke, osteoporosis, osteo‐
and rheumatoid arthritis.
and rheumatoid arthritis
• Principles:
– Adopt a population health approach and reduce health inequalities
– Prioritise health promotion and disease prevention
o se ea p o o o a d d sease p e e o
– Achieve person centred care and patient self management
– Provide the most effective care
– Facilitate coordinated and integrated multi‐disciplinary care across services, settings and sectors
– Achieve significant and sustainable change
– Monitor progress
• Action areas:
– Prevention
i
– Early detection and treatment
– Integration and continuation of prevention and care
– Self management
Self management
13. Thalassaemia in Australia
Thalassaemia in Australia
• Epidemiology unclear:
• No study has prospectively documented the prevalence of
haemoglobinopathies in the general Australian population.
• Carrier rate is likely to reflect the background of the
countries from which the Australian population is derived.
ti f hi h th A t li l ti i d i d
• No national government policy on:
– Premarital screening
– Antenatal screening
– Newborn screening
14. Antenatal Screening: guidelines
Antenatal Screening: guidelines
• Royal Australasian College of Obstetricians and
Gyanaecologists (November 2009):
• Screening for Haemoglobinopathies:
– Each unit should have a defined policy for screening for haemoglobinopathies,
taking into account the ethnic mix of patients screened.
taking into account the ethnic mix of patients screened
– As a minimum, all women should be screened with (Hb), MCV and MCHC.
– Haemoglobin electrophoresis and iron studies should be performed in the
event of thresholds not being reached.
t f th h ld tb i h d
– Consideration should also be given to the further screening of patients with
DNA analysis for alpha‐thalassaemia.
– Testing of normal‐MCV women for haemoglobinopathies may be considered if
they are members of high‐risk groups.
16. Abortion laws in Australia
Abortion laws in Australia
• Legal for ‘severe foetal abnormality’ in all states by
QLD (where legal if continuation of pregnancy poses
a threat to the mother).
• Victoria: any woman can access abortion 24 weeks;
after 24 weeks still legal but 2 doctors must agree
the termination is appropriate.
• Couples at risk may opt for IVF with pre‐implantation
g
genetic diagnosis (associated with considerable out‐
g (
of‐pocket costs).
18. Thalassaemia in Australia
Thalassaemia in Australia
• Diagnostic services:
– Haematology automated analysers widespread.
– Hb electrophoresis, HPLC and special stains available in
most major hospital and commercial laboratories.
– Genetic testing available at:
• Victorian Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Southern Health
• IMVS S th A t li
IMVS, South Australia
• Some private laboratories.
– Antenatal/ genetic counselling
Antenatal/ genetic counselling
• Specialist centres
– CVS/ amniocentesis and prenatal testing
CVS/ amniocentesis and prenatal testing
• Specialist centres
19. Thalassaemia in Australia
Thalassaemia in Australia
• Clinical services available to all patients with
thalassaemia:
– Clinical assessment and testing
– Transfusion therapy
Transfusion therapy
– Chelation therapy
– Bone marrow transplantation
20. Thalassaemia in Australia
Thalassaemia in Australia
• Thalassaemia Australia:
Mission and objectives:
j
– To provide consultation and communication to the community for:
• Care and Treatment
• Best Transfusion Practice
B tT f i P ti
• Member Education
• Support to members of the public and individuals with Haemoglobinopathies
• Advocacy
d
• Research
• Consumer Health Groups
• Conference and Seminar attendance
21. Blood Policy in Australia
Blood Policy in Australia
• Single blood manufacturer (Australian Red Cross Blood
Service).
• C t t d i th
Contracted via the
– National Blood Authority, from the
– Federal Department of Health
Federal Department of Health.
• All non‐remunerated voluntary blood donations.
• All blood provided free of charge
All blood provided free of charge.
• Southern Health Clayton is the biggest user of blood in
Victoria, the Thalassaemia treatment centre is the largest user
Victoria, the Thalassaemia treatment centre is the largest user
of blood at Southern Health.
y
• Thalassaemia Australia society are involved in blood donation
marketing efforts.
22. Prevention of transfusion
transmitted infections
• HIV (serology, NAT)
HIV ( l NAT)
• Hep C (serology, NAT)
• Hep B (serology, NAT (new!))
Hep B (serology NAT (new!))
• Syphillis (serology)
• Malaria (serology)
( gy)
• HTLV (serology)
• Bacteria (bacterial contamination screening)
• VCJD:
– people who have spent a cumulative period of 6 months in the
UK between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 1996 and/or had
UK between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 1996 and/or had
a transfusion in the UK between 1 January 1980 and the present
time are not accepted as donors.
23. Transfusion practice at our centre
Transfusion practice at our centre
• No specific guideline
• Pre‐transfusion haemoglobin 90‐110g/L.
• Transfusion intervals 1‐4 weekly.
• Titrated to patient symptoms and tolerance.
Titrated to patient symptoms and tolerance
– Fatigue
– Iron loading
Iron loading
– Pain
• M
More frequent transfusions during pregnancy, while
f tt f i d i hil
on combination HCV therapy.
24. Iron Chelation in Australia
Iron Chelation in Australia
• Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme covers:
– Desferrioxamine:
• Restriction: “Disorders of erythropoiesis associated with treatment
Restriction: Disorders of erythropoiesis associated with treatment‐
related chronic iron overload.”
• Cost to patient: up to $34.20
– Deferiprone:
• Restriction: Iron overload in patients with thalassaemia major who are
unable to take desferrioxamine therapy; or in whom desferrioxamine has
been ineffective
• Cost to patient: up to $34.20
– Desferasirox:
• Restriction: “chronic iron overload in patients with disorders of
erythropoiesis”
• C tt
Cost to patient: up to $34.20
ti t t $34 20
25. Iron chelation in Australia
Iron chelation in Australia
• In our centre:
– Approximately 4:1 Deferasirox to desferioxamine.
pp y
• Desferrioxamine only if:
– Patient unwilling to switch to deferasirox
– Deferasirox failure
– Deferasirox poorly tolerated (GI/ renal/ hepatic)
– Underlying renal/ hepatic impairment
– Pregnancy
26. Iron monitoring
Iron monitoring
• Ferritin
– 1‐3 monthly
y
• MRI T2* liver and cardiac now available (about
2‐3 years as a research tool, 1 year as a
2 3 years as a research tool 1 year as a
routine).
– Annually (6 monthly in severe iron overload)
• (CT ‐ historically)
(CT
27.
28. Multidisciplinary services
Multidisciplinary services
• Our centre works in close collaboration with
p
specialist services with an interest in
thalassaemia:
– Social work
Social work
– Hepatology (Hepatitis C Treatment)
– Metabolic bone
– General endocrinology
– Cardiology
– Others eg plastic surgery
Others, eg plastic surgery
29. The Future
The Future
• Changing demographics
– Further migration and intermarriage.
g g
– Increase in sickle cell gene prevalence.
• ?Routine neonatal screening
?Routine neonatal screening
• ?National policies for antenatal screening
• A i
Ageing population of patients with
l ti f ti t ith
thalassaemia:
– Patients >60 years.