This document discusses territorial and border conflicts between countries. It defines territorial conflicts as disputes over ownership of land or territory that countries claim. These types of disputes can arise from disagreements over natural resources, religious or ethnic differences, or inconsistent border demarcation systems. Territorial conflicts can lead countries to go to war over the disputed territory and can disrupt diplomatic relations and trade. The document outlines international laws and agreements regarding territorial waters and exclusive economic zones. It also lists specific territorial disputes such as those over islands in the South China Sea that have strategic importance for fishing, shipping lanes, and potential oil and gas reserves.