Term: 2019 Winter Mid Term Exam Name: ___________________________ Time: _______________Total: _________ Essay 1: What are the four basic elements of strategic management? Explain how these four elements interact in your own words in less than 250 words. Your Answer: Essay 2: Corporate strategy is about the choice of direction for a firm as a whole and the management of its business or business portfolio. What are the three key issues corporations facing as a whole? Your Answer: Running head: URBAN RESIDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF BARRIERS AND RESOURCES IN DEVELOPING STRONGER COMMUNITIES THROUGH COMMUNAL GARDENING 1 PLEASE ASSIST WITH REVISIONS. THE COMMENTS AND CHANGES ARE IN BLACK, RED, AND YELLOW HIGHLIGHT. I AM NEEDING HELP WITH ALIGNMENT, RESEARCH QUESTIONS, THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK, THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, ETC……. Urban Residents’ Perceptions of Barriers and Resources in Developing Stronger Communities Through Communal Gardening Problem Statement It is not known how urban residents perceive the influence of community gardens on the quality of life within the neighborhood. The way in which urban residents perceive the influence of communal gardening on stronger communities through both social and environmental factors are implicated in injustice (Hornik, Cutts, & Greenlee, 2016). Based on the argument by, Lardy, Little, Madewell and Valentine (2013), in most urban modern communities, the idea and presence of fresh fruits and vegetables is almost an extinct ideology virtually replaced with processed food. However, they also mention that the culture of community gardening essential but challenging. Its importance is that it helps in promoting recreation, social, and economic development of the urban centers. The Community Network of Brevard is one of the community groups that has taken the initiative to set up urban communal gardens. This organization has so far established three functional gardens. The organization’s complete gardens are Ethos, located in Florida Institute of Technology, Logos community garden in Satellite Beach, and Pathos. For the past few years, the essence of urban agriculture seems to have been lost. Anggreni (2017) shows that “urban areas have over the years lost the cultural linkage to the agricultural community” (p. 5). Therefore, the idea of communal gardens can be a viable approach towards helping to mend the broken link and solve the challenges affecting urban centers. Sharpe et al., (2016) states that there are varying views about community. Some studies suggest that there is more weight placed on the issue of social interaction and other studies focus more on the geographical space and the functionality of community (Sharpe et al., 2016, p. 4). However, one thing that brings all these societies together is that they are compose taxpayers that should be given equal distribution and considerations regarding the distribution of resources (Mauro, Fava, & Kostner, 2018). Fo.

1. Term: 2019 Winter
Mid Term Exam
Name: ___________________________ Time:
_______________Total: _________
Essay 1: What are the four basic elements of strategic
management? Explain how these four elements interact in your
own words in less than 250 words.
Your Answer:
Essay 2: Corporate strategy is about the choice of direction for
a firm as a whole and the management of its business or
business portfolio. What are the three key issues corporations
facing as a whole?
Your Answer:
Running head: URBAN RESIDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF
BARRIERS AND RESOURCES IN DEVELOPING STRONGER
COMMUNITIES THROUGH COMMUNAL GARDENING 1

2. PLEASE ASSIST WITH REVISIONS. THE COMMENTS AND
CHANGES ARE IN BLACK, RED, AND YELLOW
HIGHLIGHT. I AM NEEDING HELP WITH ALIGNMENT,
RESEARCH QUESTIONS, THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK,
THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, ETC…….
Urban Residents’ Perceptions of Barriers and Resources in
Developing Stronger Communities Through Communal
Gardening
Problem Statement
It is not known how urban residents perceive the influence of
community gardens on the quality of life within the
neighborhood. The way in which urban residents perceive the
influence of communal gardening on stronger communities
through both social and environmental factors are implicated in
injustice (Hornik, Cutts, & Greenlee, 2016). Based on the
argument by, Lardy, Little, Madewell and Valentine (2013), in
most urban modern communities, the idea and presence of fresh
fruits and vegetables is almost an extinct ideology virtually
replaced with processed food. However, they also mention that
the culture of community gardening essential but challenging.
Its importance is that it helps in promoting recreation, social,

3. and economic development of the urban centers. The
Community Network of Brevard is one of the community groups
that has taken the initiative to set up urban communal gardens.
This organization has so far established three functional
gardens. The organization’s complete gardens are Ethos, located
in Florida Institute of Technology, Logos community garden in
Satellite Beach, and Pathos. For the past few years, the essence
of urban agriculture seems to have been lost. Anggreni (2017)
shows that “urban areas have over the years lost the cultural
linkage to the agricultural community” (p. 5).
Therefore, the idea of communal gardens can be a viable
approach towards helping to mend the broken link and solve the
challenges affecting urban centers. Sharpe et al., (2016) states
that there are varying views about community. Some studies
suggest that there is more weight placed on the issue of social
interaction and other studies focus more on the geographical
space and the functionality of community (Sharpe et al., 2016,
p. 4). However, one thing that brings all these societies together
is that they are compose taxpayers that should be given equal
distribution and considerations regarding the distribution of
resources (Mauro, Fava, & Kostner, 2018). Food is becoming a
convenient good regardless of a nutritious cultural experience
that is shared enjoyed, and healthy and culture emerging.
Internationally, there exists taxpayer’s influx residing and
occupying in communities in the urban areas (Larson et al.,
2016). Communal gardens could be made into more use through
supplying citizens in the urban areas with vegetables and fresh
fruits (Crosby, 2017, p. 656). While there seems to be an
increase with the growth of community gardens, there are
several issues such as individual responsibility, land ownership,
management, among other topics as the gardens continue to
grow.
The gardens in Brevard are a vital and transitive
sustainability initiative for the surrounding communities. It is,
therefore, incumbent for the local public administrator to put in
place adequate and significant measure of running and

4. maintaining these gardens. Firstly, the community network of
Brevard lacks the strategies and terms that define the
management of their gardens (Eichholz & Lindeman, 2017). The
work lies with the local gardeners without a clear definition of
their responsibilities as they work based on volunteerism. This
situation translates to an acute concern for the lack of order.
Secondly, the organization does not define its purpose of
establishing these urban communal gardens. If anything, they
justify the establishment of the facilities based on the far-
reaching benefits that come from the establishment of any
garden. Therefore, the sense and necessity of having these three
gardens fail to come to the surface. Lastly, the community has
not drawn its strategies to realize their mission, which is to
maintain nature's beauty of the ecosystem while helping people
to realize economic, environmental, and social needs.
Poor management has been at the forefront of the challenges
facing urban community gardens. The primary factor that
contributes to this problem is the lack of enough funds. Most of
the networks that run these facilities depend on resources from
their local authorities. It is a drawback that has created the issue
of resources dependence, which retards the growth of these
gardens significantly (Barthel, Parker & Ernstson, 2015). The
Community Network of Brevard falls a victim of this problem,
and how the administration runs their gardens is not adequate,
and this research paper narrows its focus on this network. (This
is all interesting, but I don’t see the connection between what is
written above and the stated purpose for the research of….” It is
not known how urban residents perceive the influence of
community gardens on the quality of life within the
neighborhood”. I concur and find myself without an answer to
what the problem actually is. Why do we need to know this? To
solve what problem related to community gardens
Purpose Statement
The purpose of this qualitative case study is to explore how
urban residents’ perceptions on barriers and resources in
developing stronger communities through communal gardening

5. located in Florida.(when you read the preceding sentence out
loud, it doesn’t make sense as written) Did you leave out a
verb? Perhaps how the perceptions contribute to or impede
(depending upon your problem statement that needs to be
rewritten.) Urban community gardens have in the recent past
served as a vital tool to engage groups of persons and
individuals in activities that pursue to offer environmental,
administration, social, and individuals wellbeing of urban areas.
According to Derkzen, van Teeffelen, Nagendra & Verburg
(2017), community gardening is considered one of the
paramount tools that can be used for urban planning and
development mainly due to its proven abilities to promote
social, economic, recreational, cultural, and environmental
enhancement. Many cities and significant towns have
recognized this fact, and they are engaging in a race to set up
these facilities. Anggreni (2017) studies show that “urban areas
have over the years lost the cultural linkage to the agricultural
community” (p. 5). The community Network of Brevard is one
of the community groups that has taken the initiative to set up
urban communal gardens. This organization’s complete gardens
are ethos, was grown in them. According to located in Florida
Institute of Technology, Logos community garden in Satellite
Beach, and Pathos.
These gardens are an essential and transitive sustainability
initiative for the surrounding communities. It is mandatory for
the local public to? accept and consider measuring the running
and upkeep of these gardens. However, urban areas historically
obtained their identity form the kind of food that Eichholz and
Lindeman (2017) “the community network of Brevard lacks the
strategies and terms which describe the management of their
gardens” (p. 25). The act rests with the local gardens without a
clear definition of their responsibilities as they work centered
on volunteerism. Sharpe et al. (2016) proposes that “there are
numerous definitions of community, with some focusing on
social interaction, while others relate to geographical space and
the functionality of community” (p. 4). This takes your topic in

6. a new direction and if used, you need to develop the use of
“community” in relation to gardens as pertaining to your
purpose and likely specific to your study of Brevard. This
situation renders to a serious unease for the absence of order.
Also, the organization does not define its purpose of
establishing these urban communal gardens. The sense and
necessity of having these three specific gardens fail to come to
the surface.(I don’t understand the previous sentence) Finally,
the community has not drawn it tactics to achieve their mission,
that is to preserve nature’s beauty of the ecosystem at the same
time as helping individuals to understand their economic,
environmental, and social requirements. What do you mean by
this? What is the community mission? I agree this would need
to tie to your study purpose and original statement. What is the
scale of your study? Florida? Brevard neighborhood? It is
unclear. How does the previous statement relate to your first
sentence….” It is not known how urban residents perceive the
influence of community gardens on the quality of life within the
neighborhood”???
Nature of the Administrative Study
The study will identify the perceived barriers by the urban
residents or members of Florida Institute of Technology in
Melbourne Florida, City of Satellite Beach, and City of Cocoa
Beach Florida to the development of community gardens to
build strong, sustainable urban communities. The study will
focus on using a qualitative approach to identify the barriers in
which all the cities face in terms of community gardening and
its efforts in finding sustainable long-term innovative solutions
in building stronger communities for the present and future
citizens/members. Now it appears you are going to look at the
role of perception in understanding the barriers faced in
community gardening? The literature review shows that
previous studies have not focused their effort on identifying the
barrier and suggesting ways to address the challenges to these
gardens. You will have to show this; there is a lot of literature
on the issue. I suggest that you focus your research more

7. specifically to find the researchable question If analyzed from
various studies; legalization, policy documents, participant
observations, focus groups with gardening coordinators, and
interviews it might be possible to identify firsthand the results
of the legal and policy barriers concerning community
gardening. Also, a lack of political and planning support
establishing greener in urban areas has proven a barrier in some
studies as well. Okland (2015) notes, “understanding the extent
of this, as well as where to address mapping the mental models
of project practitioners, project owners and stakeholders with
regards to sustainability will be a promising start” (p.108).
This qualitative research will assist in understanding the
phenomenon that has not been documented. Data collection will
focus on approaches such as interviews with questionnaires for
surveys, interview questions, key informants, public
administrators/indigenous government, and urban residents.
This is not, as the other reviewer points out, cohesive. Are you
going to do a qualitative study? Then you likely will not do
surveys. How are you going to use key informants? What do you
mean by the last list of people and how will be involved? This
is not cohesive. (Interviews and Surveys are two different
data-gathering methodologies. It is confusing when you mix
them up. Interviews use interview questions to gain data.
Survey data comes from questionnaires)
Research Questions
The focus of the research is to examine the perceived barriers
that are affecting community gardens? (or is it the perceive
success or use of…community gardens) as well as the legal
framework and the policy approaches within the state and
national level that might impact the growth of the gardens. If
this is what you are studying, it is a separate study. It might be
needed to better understand and develop a researchable question
so rather than abandon it entirely, consider what you actually
need to know. This goes back to problem/purpose/RQ and how
they link. (What??? This last part of the sentence is a huge
leap! There is nothing mentioned about this in your proposed

8. Research Question) Several???? research questions will guide
this research to see to its success. However, the central question
that will direct this study is; Where and how has the
administration of the Community Network of Brevard failed in
its management? Again, yet another study (The preceding
question is very, very different than what you proposed to study
earlier in the Prospectus) This study will seek to address the
above question and several others which rise as sub-questions of
the focus guide. These are;
a. How does the administration of the Community Network of
Brevard manage their barriers to their urban gardens?
b. Has the management provided a purpose of their existence
and the reasons as to why they run urban gardens?
c. What are the strategies that the administration of the
Community Network of Brevard put in place to realize their
mission?
d. How does the leadership of the network follow the
standard principles of public administration?
e. Is there another network that runs urban gardens, and what
have they done about their administration to perfect their work?
(These questions do not align with the stated purpose of the
research early in the document? Focus the study down much
more clearly)
Conceptual Framework
To understand how community gardens work, it is essential to
point out its foundation and the theory behinds its development.
The fastest rise of community gardens is traced back to the
economic crisis of the 1970s where there was a shift to urban
agriculture for self-sufficiency (Fletcher, Rushlow, and Berky
2013). Later, after the collapse of the socialist system, most
countries ' sales market collapsed and thus(This is an
introduction to the topic but does not show the theory behind
your work to develop a conceptual framework. Please review
and read on what a conceptual framework is, and how to
develop one.) forced many of the farmers to be directly

9. involved in the sale and distribution of agricultural products.
Most of the newly developed firms that were smaller in acreage
only focused on producing for their consummation. With this
challenge, the urban dwellers had to shift their focus onto
alternative food systems. Urban gardens emerged in the early
1960s and were closely associated with industrialization and
rural-urban migration. Community gardens emerged in the
backdrop of urban gardening. Their focus shifted from the
emphasis on agricultural resource production to the
strengthening community, bringing together residents and civil
institutional. These gardens were located in public spaces and
supported by the public, private stakeholders. Most of the
community gardens were accessible to all residents. However,
several barriers seemed to have affected the spread of
community gardens in the years that followed. Community
gardens can lead to the development of healthy communities by
bringing people together in designing and maintaining gardens.
Wayland et al. (2018) reveal that there is a constant debate
when it comes to the conceivable transmission of communal
lands from national authority to municipal authority (p. 53).
(This section does not address the CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK you will use)
Sources of Information
This research will make use of several sources of information.
These sources are both primary and secondary. The primary
sources of information will include and not limited to
interviews with the administration of the Community Network
of Brevard and the volunteer gardeners who work in the
community urban gardens. It will also involve the study of the
gardens’ routine through observation. (Stay away from
OBSERVATION as a methodology. It is not appropriate given
what you have noted earlier)Another primary source of
information will be the observation??? of a different network
that runs urban gardens and how successful their project has
proved to be. You are all over the board. Observation is
different from interviewing; how are you going to use secondary

10. sources? Do you have a client organization in the Community
Network of Brevard? The secondary sources will involve the
study of scholarly articles on community urban gardens and
articles on effective public administration.
Possible Analytical Strategies
As stated earlier in this paper, this research is qualitative. With
this respect, the possible analytical strategies of data will be
purely qualitative. These will include an in-depth analysis of
the data obtained from scholarly articles that will be used in
this study, under the analytical research strategy. This method
will seek to answer the questions on “how” and “why” related to
the running of urban gardens by the Community Network of
Brevard. This study will also come up with a thematical model
for data simulation. This is not what you are preparing to do in
this prospectus. The model will be used to simulate the results
of managing urban gardens in different ways, to seek the best
way to govern these facilities to realize the best outcomes. The
simulation will assist in carrying out the what-if analysis and
clear uncertainties by providing precise results of the best
management practices for urban community gardens.
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Term: 2019 Winter
Assignment 2
Name: ___________________________ Time:
_______________Total: _________
（1）True or False: The corporation is fundamentally governed
by the board of directors overseeing top management.
a. True
b. False
(2）In your own words, summarize the differences between

16. Agency Theory and Stewardship Theory.
(3）During an environment scanning, which category does
Economic Forces fall under :
a. Natural environment
b. Social environment
(4）Various techniques are used to forecast future situations. A
study of nearly 500 of the world’s largest corporations revealed
which method to be the most widely practiced form of
forecasting?
a. Extrapolation
b. Brainstorming
c. Statistical modeling
d. Prediction markets
Term: 2019 Winter
Assignment 1
Name: ___________________________ Time:
_______________Total: _________
(1) Which of the following is not a strategy company usually
considers?
a. Corporate Strategy
b. Business Strategy
c. Functional Strategy
d. Innovation Strategy
Your Answer:

17. (2) Recall that in the Basic Model of Strategic Management,
there are four basic elements. Which one is the development of
long-range plans for the effective management of environmental
opportunities and threats?
a. Environmental scanning
b. Strategy formulation
c. Strategy implementation
d. Evaluation and control
Your Answer:
（3）True or False: Strategic decisions deal with short term
needs of an entire organization.
a. True
b. False
Your Answer:
（4）It is crucial that we understand the steps involved in
strategic decision making process in order to improve the
process. Please rephrase to the best of your knowledge the steps
involved in a rational approach to strategic decision making.
Your Answer: