2. Definitions
• Tele- (from Greek: far, at a distance, remote)
• Telemedicine utilizes information and telecommunications
technology to transfer medical information for diagnosis, therapy and
education.
• Telehealth is the use of information and communication
technologies to transfer healthcare information for the delivery of
clinical, administrative and educational services
• Telecare utilizes information and communication technologies to
transfer medical information for the diagnosis and therapy of
patients in their place of domicile.
3. Telemedicine - Applications
Home Care
&
Ambulatory
monitoring
Disease
Management
Disaster
Management
Continuing
Medical Education
& Public
Awareness
Disease
Surveillance &
Program tracking
Remote
Consultation &
Critical Care
Monitoring
Telementored
procedures/
Surgery - Robotics
Telemedicine
Second Opinion &
Complex Interpretations
4. Current Uses and Application of
Telemedicine
Telemedicine use can be divided into three areas:
1. decision-making aids,
2. remote sensing,
3. collaborative arrangements for real-time management of patients at a
distance.
Decision-making aids:
•The simplest application of telemedicine is the use of on-line computer
databases in the clinical practice of medicine. Search engines list abstracts
from selected texts and journals that address specific or cross-referenced
topics. This is the oldest application of telemedicine.
•Use of search engines by non-medical persons has become more common.
•Easy access of detailed medical information to laypersons creates new
opportunities for self-diagnosis, or misdiagnosis, by those seeking to escape
the financial and time burdens of standard medical care.
5. Definitions
Remote sensing:
• Remote sensing involves the transmission of patient information
from one site to another.
• This includes electrocardiographic (ECG) and digital x-ray data.
• Remote sensing raises the issues of patient record confidentiality
and patient consent.
Collaborative real-time patient management:
• This represents the most innovative category of telemedicine and is
the primary focus of this review.
• Collaborative video management, or videoconferencing, allows a
remote practitioner to observe and discuss symptoms with a patient
or another practitioner.
• Two-way workstations produce quality digital motion pictures across
long distances.
• Equipment needs include a communications network and peripheral
equipment, such as an electronic stethoscope, otoscope,
ophthalmoscope, and dermoscope.
Current Uses and Application of
Telemedicine
8. Delhi (Super Specialty Hospital)
Jaipur
Lucknow
Chandigarh (State Hospital)
Bhopal
VSAT Link 384 Kbps
PSTN Link 33.6Kbps
Leased Line 512 Kbps
Leased Line 2 Mbps
Kolkatta
Faridabad
(District Hospital)
Ayodhya
(PHC)
9. Historical Overview of Telemedicine
Development in Regard to Used Technology
• Telegraphy and Telephony – used during
American civil war to send casuality lists and
order supplies -1840-1920
• Replaced by radio-medical services 1920-1950
• Radio Communications
• Television and video -1950s
• Information technology (digital data transmission)
-1990
10. Drivers of telemedicine and
telecare
• Technological drivers
• Non technological drivers
• Other drivers
12. 1.Computing and information technology
• Important factors in the progress of
telemedicine are
- falling equipment costs
- increased power on the computers
- easy to use
- increase in the reliability of equipents
13. 2.Network and telecommunication
infrastructure
• Internet
• Speed of communication increased due to
optical communication
• Need of greater BW – asymmetric
subscriber line
• Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)
• Wireless and satellite technologies
15. Non technological drivers
• Extension of access to health care
services
- Extending health care access to individuals
and communities who have limited access
due to bad weather, war, no transport etc.
with few healthcare providers.
16. • Healthcare provision for travellers
- seamen
- flights and astronauts
- prevent unnecessary diversion to the ports
Non technological drivers
17. Military applications
• The US military is on the forefront of
telemedicine application.
• Telecommunication linkages between
base hospitals and remote military
outposts have existed for many years.
• Endoscopic surgical procedures, including
laparoscopy, are performed through
videoconferencing.
18. • Cutting-edge applications include the use
of real-time battlefield imaging devices
mounted on a soldier’s helmet. Also,
sensors mounted on a soldier’s vest
capture the radio transmission of ECG
data from a fellow soldier’s leads from a
distance of up to 8 feet.
Military applications
19. • In the future, ECG and skin sensors will
allow battlefield tracking data, with
communication of individual soldier
location and physiologic information to
base health care personnel.
Military applications
20. Other drivers
• Home telecare
• Cost reduction
• Market development
• Health policy and strategy
21. Scope of telemedicine
• Types of telemedicine
- tele consultation
- tele education
- tele monitoring
- tele surgery
22. Benefits
1.Better access to health care
- reducing travel
- time savings for the patient and carer
- faster access to care
2. Access to better health care
- improvement in the quality of care
- can get specialist advice when it is not
available locally.
23. Benefits
3. Improved communications between carers
- results of tests and images are readily
transmitted
- referals/discharge letters made available
without delay
4. Easier and better continuing education
5. Better access to information
6. Better resource utilization
7. Better costs
24. Limitations of telemedicine
• Poor patient- carer relationship
• Poor relationship between healthcare professionals
• Impersonal technology – technophobic people will
hesitate to use
• Organizational disruption- fear that telemedicine
- will increase workload
- is market than user driven
- fear of technological obsolescence
-lack of skills and need to acquire them
-lack of agreed standards
25. Limitations of telemedicine
• Additional training needs
• Difficult protocol development
• Uncertain quality of health information
• Low rates of utilization.
26. Activity..*
Name: Model/Prototype Presentation
Teams: 6 MI Groups
Rules:
1. Use thermocol basement(not bigger than A2 size)
2. The whole set up of Telemedicine should be depicted.
3. Use your innovations.
4. Winner will be decided by an external judge.
5. Last date of submission 10.08.2012(Fri)-4:00pm
*Counted for internal assessment.
