Technology played a major role in industrializing warfare during World War 1. Rifles became bolt-action and could fire more rapidly, while grenades evolved from crude explosives in cans to purpose-built weapons. Machine guns allowed extremely rapid and sustained fire, stalemating battles at the front. Artillery grew massively in size and range, with the largest guns able to fire shells over 10 miles that were nearly the size of cars. Tanks, gas warfare, submarines, flamethrowers, and airplanes were all new technologies introduced that had significant, often horrific, impacts on the methods and devastation of combat.