Technological change, employment and wages
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From a course by Christine Greenhalgh, Oxford University. Released as open courseware as part of the TRUE project. For more labour economics materials, go to http://www.economicsnetwork.ac.uk/labour
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- 7. Employment growth and innovation in firms in Europe 1998-2000 Source: Table 10.1 of Greenhalgh and Rogers drawn from Harrison et al. NBER WP 14216 (2008) 5.4 6.5 7.6 8.0 Product innovation 0.2 0.0 0.1 - 0.1 Process innovation 16.1 25.9 10.2 15.5 Services employment growth 4.8 7.4 8.0 5.5 Product innovation - 0.4 0.3 - 0.6 - 0.1 Process innovation 6.7 14.2 5.9 8.3 Manufacturing employment growth UK Spain Germany France
- 14. Innovation, jobs and wages - the macro picture Source: Table 10.1 of Greenhalgh and Rogers drawn from Machin (2001) Ox Bull Ec & Stats Vol 63 Special Issue 1.64 1.66 17.2 27.5 2000 1.60 1.55 10.2 23.8 1990 1.48 1.36 5.0 19.3 1980 Relative wages of graduates to non-graduates US UK Share of graduates in total employment (%) US UK
- 15. Change in ratio of earnings at the median to bottom decile (D5/D1) Source: Cahuc and Zylberberg Table 10.2 0.27 2.20 1.93 US 0.22 1.80 1.58 UK 0.02 1.60 1.58 Japan – 0.06 1.46 1.52 Germany – 0.08 1.60 1.68 France Change Mid 1990s Late 1970s
- 23. Three causes of skill bias in demand for labour, UK 1979-90 Source: Greenhalgh and Rogers Table 10.3, from Gregory et al. Oxford Economic Papers, 2001 – 13.7 – 4.8 22.0 3.5 Total change – 27.1 – 5.7 17.9 – 14.9 Low skill – 16.2 – 4.8 21.1 0.1 Intermediate skill 4.6 – 4.1 28.2 28.8 High skill Technological change Net exports Final demand Total % change in employment