QR Code (Quick Response Code) technology is a two-dimensional barcode system that enables fast, efficient, and reliable data storage and retrieval. It was invented in 1994 by Denso Wave, Japan, initially for tracking automobile parts. Unlike traditional one-dimensional barcodes, QR codes store data both horizontally and vertically, allowing them to hold a large amount of information in a compact form. Barcode technology evolved from simple UPC codes with limited data capacity to advanced formats like Code 39 and Code 16K. QR codes represent a major improvement, as they can store thousands of numeric, alphanumeric, and binary characters, including URLs and payment data, making them more efficient and flexible. A QR code is made up of black squares arranged on a white background. Special alignment patterns allow scanning from any direction, enabling fast 360-degree scanning using smartphones or QR readers. Built-in error correction ensures that data can still be read even if the code is partially damaged. QR codes can store various types of data such as website links, plain text, contact details (vCard), Wi-Fi credentials, location data, event information, and digital payment details. This versatility makes them useful across many applications. The key benefits of QR codes include quick and contactless access, reduced manual data entry, faster payments and ticketing, low cost, and ease of use. However, they also pose risks such as malicious QR codes, privacy concerns, and dependency on smartphones and internet access. Safe usage requires scanning only trusted codes. QR codes are widely used in marketing, digital payments, retail, logistics, healthcare, and transportation. Globally, they play a major role in systems such as UPI in India, mobile payments in China, digital certificates in the EU, and public services worldwide. In conclusion, QR code technology is an essential part of modern digital systems. With future integration into AI, IoT, Blockchain, and AR, QR codes will continue to support smarter, secure, and more interactive digital experiences.

1. QR CODE
TECHNOLOGY
B Y B VA I J AYA N T H I
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2. Introduction
• QR code technology is a two-
dimensional barcode that stores
data in black-and-white grid
patterns.
• It enables quick scanning of
links, contacts, and payments
with high data capacity, fast
readability, and strong error
correction.
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2.
3.
QR code is a 2D barcode
created in 1994 by Denso
Wave, Japan.
It enables quick access to digital
data using any smartphone
camera.
High speed, error correction,
and multi-data support make it
ideal for smart applications.

3. • Barcode technologies have evolved
with increasing data capacity.
• Early UPC codes stored very limited
information.
• Code 39, Code 16K, and Code 49
gradually improved data storage.
• QR codes offer the highest data capacity.
• They can store thousands of digits in a compact space.
• This makes QR codes more efficient than traditional barcodes.
Evolution of QR Code

4. • QR code stands for Quick Response code, a two-
dimensional barcode designed for fast scanning and
reading.
• They can be scanned using smartphones or dedicated
QR code readers.
• This figure shows how much data can a QR code store.
What is a QR Code ?

5. • QR codes store data both horizontally and vertically.
• This provides much higher data capacity than traditional
barcodes.
• Information is encoded in a grid of black squares and dots.
• The pattern appears on a white background.
• QR codes can store links, contact details, and payment
information.
How does a QR Code work?

6. • QR codes enable fast and reliable information sharing.
• They provide quick access with a single scan.
• Widely used in digital payments and e-tickets.
• Common in product tracking and supply chains.
• Used in authentication and access
control systems.
• Their versatility makes them
essential in today’s digital world.

7. • QR codes are angle-independent and can be
scanned from any direction.
• They support fast and reliable 360° scanning.
• Built-in error correction allows data recovery
from damage.
• Codes remain readable even if partially
obscured or scratched.
Key Features of QR Codes

8. • QR codes are compact and highly versatile.
• They play a key role in modern digital communication.
• Essential in smart technology solutions.
• Enable quick and contactless access.
• Used for information, services, and transactions across
industries.

9. • QR codes can store multiple types of data, most commonly
URLs or web addresses.
• By scanning a QR code, users can quickly access websites,
online forms, or digital content without typing the link
manually.
Types of Data Encoded in
QR Codes

10. • QR codes can also store plain text such as messages,
instructions, or notes.
• This text-based data can be read directly after scanning and
does not require an internet connection, making it useful for
offline information sharing.

11. • Another important use of QR codes is storing contact and network details.
• They can encode contact information in vCard or meCard formats, allowing users to save
phone numbers and email addresses instantly.
contact info QR code vCard QR
Contact Info with Vcard QR code

12. • QR codes can also store Wi-Fi credentials, enabling easy and password-free network access.
• This eliminates manual password entry and reduces connection errors, improving user
convenience.

13. • In addition, QR codes can encode geographical coordinates, event dates and times, and payment
information for digital transactions.
• Due to this versatility, they are widely used in marketing, digital payments, event management, and
logistics systems.

14. Block Diagram of QR Code Technology

15. They provide quick
access to information.
Data can be retrieved
with a single scan.
They speed up payments
and ticketing processes.
They minimize
manual data entry.
Benefits of Using QR Codes

16. Security risks from
malicious QR codes
Requires smartphone
and internet access
Offline access is limited
Privacy concerns and
lack of awareness
Risk & Safety Tips of QR Codes

17. Marketing and Advertising
• Used on posters, banners, product packaging, and business
cards
• Direct users to websites, promotional offers, and social
media pages
Digital Payments and Banking
• Support fast and secure contactless payments
• Widely used in UPI, mobile wallets, and retail POS
systems
Applications

18. Retail and E-Commerce
• Provide product details, price comparison, and reviews.
• Used for loyalty programs and digital coupons.
Logistics and Supply Chain
• Track packages and shipments in real time
• Improve inventory management and warehouse
automation

19. Healthcare
• Store patient identification and medical history links.
• Track medical equipment and medicines.
Transportation and Ticketing
• Used in e-tickets for buses, trains, metros, and flights.
• Enable fast entry and exit verification.

20. Japan – Origin and Standardization
• QR code technology was invented by Denso Wave.
China – Mobile Payment Revolution
• QR codes power platforms like Alipay and WeChat
Pay.
Global Initiatives of QR Code Technology

21. India – Digital India & UPI
• QR codes are a core component of UPI payments.
European Union – Digital Passes & Payment
• Used in digital COVID certificates.
• Adopted for event ticketing and cross-border payments.

22. United States – Retail and Public Services
• Integrated with mobile wallets and POS systems.
World Health Organization (WHO)
• Used QR codes in digital vaccination and health
certificates
• Enabled secure verification across countries

23. • QR code technology is a key part of modern digital systems.
• It enables fast, efficient, and cost-effective information sharing.
• Supporting multiple data types, it serves industries like
payments, healthcare, education, and marketing.
• With proper security awareness, QR codes ensure safe and
reliable usage.
• Their simplicity and versatility make them essential in today’s
connected world.
CONCLUSION

24. • QR codes will integrate with AI, IoT, and Blockchain for
dynamic and personalized experiences.
• Adoption in AR applications for interactive and immersive
experiences.
• Enhanced asset tracking and supply chain transparency in
logistics.
• Smarter packaging with real-time updates and personalized
promotions.
FUTURE SCOPE