Team Alchemy from NTPC Korba welcomed dignitaries to discuss utilizing fly ash from the plant. They proposed manufacturing fly ash geo-polymer concrete blocks using materials available on-site like fly ash, sodium hydroxide pellets from the DM plant, and mill reject as aggregate. The team prepared test blocks and will test them for properties like compressive strength and water absorption to analyze if geo-polymer concrete can help utilize fly ash and reduce construction costs.
Utilisation of Granulated Marble in Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This study examines the use of granulated marble as a replacement for fine aggregate in geopolymer concrete. Geopolymer concrete is produced using fly ash, alkaline solutions, and eliminates the need for Portland cement. The results show that replacing fine aggregate with up to 100% granulated marble improves the compressive strength of the geopolymer concrete at 7, 14, and 28 days compared to conventional concrete.
Concrete and cement production has major environmental impacts as it is one of the largest greenhouse gas emitting industries. This study assesses the life cycle of Portland cement manufacturing to minimize its environmental impact. It analyzes the inputs, outputs, and processes involved in cement production and identifies opportunities to reduce resource use, emissions, and waste. The goal is to provide conclusions that can help the Sri Lankan cement industry tackle environmental challenges and improve energy efficiency and cost effectiveness.
Concrete is one of the most versatile materials used in infrastructural development. It plays a critical role in in construction industry and making it sustainable is of paramount importance. How do we do it? Let us look here!!
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN OF PERVIOUS PAVER BLOCKS USING CEMENT KILN DUST (CKD) AND ...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the sustainable design of pervious paver blocks using cement kiln dust (CKD) and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP). It aims to develop cost-effective and sustainable pervious paver blocks made with CKD and RAP. A total of 70 specimens with different CKD and RAP ratios were tested for properties like porosity, density, infiltration rate, compressive strength and abrasion resistance. The findings indicate that paver blocks made with CKD and RAP replacements are sustainable, durable and affordable.
Compositi e economia circolare – aggiornamenti attività europee e Tavolo di l...Compositi
The document provides an overview of European activities related to circular economy and composites sustainability. It discusses the work of EuCIA to develop an eco-calculator for composite life cycle assessment and monitor recycling in Europe. It also summarizes initiatives by the European Commission like the Circular Plastics Alliance and the Green Deal agenda. For composites, it notes a focus on plastic recycling with no specific strategies due to lower volumes. The document proposes creating an Italian working group to mirror EuCIA's Sustainability Committee and promote national initiatives to support regulatory and technical development for composites sustainability.
IRJET- Study of Fly Ash based Geo Polymer Concrete using Alkali Activator: A ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on self-compacting geopolymer concrete that uses fly ash as its base material. Fly ash is activated using an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate to form geopolymer paste that binds aggregates. Experiments tested different molarity concentrations of the alkaline solution. Higher molarity resulted in higher compressive strength. The workability of fresh concrete improved with up to 4% superplasticizer dosage. The study evaluated workability tests and mechanical properties of fly ash geopolymer concrete at different mix proportions. The research demonstrates that fly ash-based geopolymer concrete is a viable alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete.
- The document proposes a sustainable solution for dealing with waste tires at mine sites through establishing recycling facilities to recover and process tires into recycled rubber products.
- Currently, tire disposal costs mining companies significant expenses and buries tires in landfills, but recycling could turn the tires into a valuable resource and reduce environmental impacts.
- A feasibility study is recommended to evaluate establishing recycling facilities in Australia to process mine site tires into recycled rubber products for use in mines, which would provide financial and environmental benefits over current disposal methods.
This document discusses using coal ash beneficiation techniques to produce quality construction materials from coal combustion residuals. It notes that in 2002 over 663,000 tons of coal ash was utilized in various construction applications. However, it states that lower quality coal ash with high carbon content is difficult to utilize. The document then outlines techniques like ash fuel reburning that can reduce the carbon content of coal ash, making it suitable for applications like concrete. It finds that reburning ash from landfills can recover otherwise lost energy, reduce landfill needs, and produce useful fly ash for construction.
Utilisation of Granulated Marble in Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This study examines the use of granulated marble as a replacement for fine aggregate in geopolymer concrete. Geopolymer concrete is produced using fly ash, alkaline solutions, and eliminates the need for Portland cement. The results show that replacing fine aggregate with up to 100% granulated marble improves the compressive strength of the geopolymer concrete at 7, 14, and 28 days compared to conventional concrete.
Concrete and cement production has major environmental impacts as it is one of the largest greenhouse gas emitting industries. This study assesses the life cycle of Portland cement manufacturing to minimize its environmental impact. It analyzes the inputs, outputs, and processes involved in cement production and identifies opportunities to reduce resource use, emissions, and waste. The goal is to provide conclusions that can help the Sri Lankan cement industry tackle environmental challenges and improve energy efficiency and cost effectiveness.
Concrete is one of the most versatile materials used in infrastructural development. It plays a critical role in in construction industry and making it sustainable is of paramount importance. How do we do it? Let us look here!!
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN OF PERVIOUS PAVER BLOCKS USING CEMENT KILN DUST (CKD) AND ...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the sustainable design of pervious paver blocks using cement kiln dust (CKD) and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP). It aims to develop cost-effective and sustainable pervious paver blocks made with CKD and RAP. A total of 70 specimens with different CKD and RAP ratios were tested for properties like porosity, density, infiltration rate, compressive strength and abrasion resistance. The findings indicate that paver blocks made with CKD and RAP replacements are sustainable, durable and affordable.
Compositi e economia circolare – aggiornamenti attività europee e Tavolo di l...Compositi
The document provides an overview of European activities related to circular economy and composites sustainability. It discusses the work of EuCIA to develop an eco-calculator for composite life cycle assessment and monitor recycling in Europe. It also summarizes initiatives by the European Commission like the Circular Plastics Alliance and the Green Deal agenda. For composites, it notes a focus on plastic recycling with no specific strategies due to lower volumes. The document proposes creating an Italian working group to mirror EuCIA's Sustainability Committee and promote national initiatives to support regulatory and technical development for composites sustainability.
IRJET- Study of Fly Ash based Geo Polymer Concrete using Alkali Activator: A ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on self-compacting geopolymer concrete that uses fly ash as its base material. Fly ash is activated using an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate to form geopolymer paste that binds aggregates. Experiments tested different molarity concentrations of the alkaline solution. Higher molarity resulted in higher compressive strength. The workability of fresh concrete improved with up to 4% superplasticizer dosage. The study evaluated workability tests and mechanical properties of fly ash geopolymer concrete at different mix proportions. The research demonstrates that fly ash-based geopolymer concrete is a viable alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete.
- The document proposes a sustainable solution for dealing with waste tires at mine sites through establishing recycling facilities to recover and process tires into recycled rubber products.
- Currently, tire disposal costs mining companies significant expenses and buries tires in landfills, but recycling could turn the tires into a valuable resource and reduce environmental impacts.
- A feasibility study is recommended to evaluate establishing recycling facilities in Australia to process mine site tires into recycled rubber products for use in mines, which would provide financial and environmental benefits over current disposal methods.
This document discusses using coal ash beneficiation techniques to produce quality construction materials from coal combustion residuals. It notes that in 2002 over 663,000 tons of coal ash was utilized in various construction applications. However, it states that lower quality coal ash with high carbon content is difficult to utilize. The document then outlines techniques like ash fuel reburning that can reduce the carbon content of coal ash, making it suitable for applications like concrete. It finds that reburning ash from landfills can recover otherwise lost energy, reduce landfill needs, and produce useful fly ash for construction.
The reduced CO2 emissions of Geopolymer cements make them a good alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement.
Produces a substance that is comparable to or better than traditional cements with respect to most properties.
Geopolymer concrete has excellent properties within both acid and salt environments
Low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete has excellent compressive strength and is suitable for Structural applications.
Recovery of sale-able slag from jigging tailings in FeMn productionKAUSHIK SHUBHANK
This document summarizes the process developed by B.D. Nanda and team to recover saleable slag from jigging tailings at the Ferro Alloys Plant in Joda, India. The team developed a process to crush the mixed metal and slag waste to under 15mm, then screen it to separate slag with manganese content over 30%, addressing a growing demand-supply gap. This process eliminated waste dumping, reduced environmental impacts, and generated an annual net benefit of over 322 lakhs for the plant and 412 lakhs for downstream industries by providing higher quality slag. The innovative solution converted waste into a usable input that improved operations while achieving environmental and economic benefits.
PRODUCTION & LOGISTICS FOR AN IN-MARKET FRAC SAND SUPPLYiQHub
This document discusses plans by Hog Lick Aggregates LLC to develop a zero emissions frac sand and aggregates production facility. It proposes 5 components: 1) sourcing frac sand from local deposits to reduce transport emissions; 2) using electric equipment powered by an on-site biomass plant; 3) drying frac sand with steam rather than natural gas; 4) producing hydrogen on-site to fuel vehicles and equipment; and 5) capturing and storing carbon emissions. Economic analyses show the biomass plant and steam drying would save on energy costs and pay for themselves within a few years. The company is also pursuing funding to establish a regional hydrogen production hub.
Rehabilitation Of Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete BeamIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on rehabilitating reinforced geopolymer concrete beams. Geopolymer concrete was produced using fly ash as a cement replacement along with alkaline liquids. Conventional reinforced concrete beams were first cast and tested to determine their load carrying capacity and flexural strength. Then, geopolymer concrete beams were cast with and without glass fiber wrapping on the soffit and sides. All beams were tested after 28 days of curing. The results showed that both conventional and geopolymer concrete beams with fiber wrapping had higher ultimate loads and moments than comparable beams without wrapping. Specifically, wrapping the soffit and sides led to the highest improvements in load carrying performance.
IRJET - Fly Ash Interlocking Brick by using Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
1) The document presents research on developing interlocking bricks using geopolymer concrete as a more sustainable alternative to traditional concrete bricks.
2) Geopolymer concrete is made from fly ash, chemicals like sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, and has similar engineering properties as Portland cement concrete but with lower environmental impact.
3) The researchers created molds to cast geopolymer concrete bricks in different sizes and shapes to interlock. Testing showed the bricks had sufficient compressive strength and were more lightweight and eco-friendly than traditional clay bricks.
As cement is been involved in various contrived effects to the environment, an alternative is necessary for its impacts reduction.Such alternative is done by completely replacing the cement with silicafume and flyash which are the by-products.
Larry Hernandez with Caltrans provides the department's perspective on in-place recycling in a presentation delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Co-processing in cement kiln Concepts and in Oil and Gas Sector | John Jones,...Cairn India Limited
This document discusses co-processing waste materials in cement kilns, with a focus on concepts, initiatives, and case studies in Southeast Asia and the oil and gas sector. It provides an overview of co-processing, definitions, benefits, guidelines developed by Holcim and GTZ, and legal frameworks. Case studies from Indonesia describe Geocycle projects with Chevron, Star Energy, Montd'Or Oil, Pertamina, and Medco handling various oil and gas wastes, including drilling cuttings, contaminated soils, and hazardous chemicals, totaling over 15,000 metric tons. Updates on co-processing initiatives in India are also briefly outlined. The presentation aims to promote co-processing as an environmentally beneficial
Durability Studies on Geopolymer Concrete using Ground Granulated Blast Furna...IRJET Journal
This document presents research on the durability of geopolymer concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Geopolymer concrete is an alternative to traditional concrete that uses an alkaline activator instead of Portland cement. The study investigates the acid resistance, sorptivity, and water absorption of geopolymer concrete specimens containing GGBS through standardized testing methods. Specimens are cured and then subjected to acid exposure, water submersion, and weight measurements to evaluate performance. The results of the durability testing are presented and aim to assess the potential for using GGBS in geopolymer concrete.
This presentation I got from OSTP- IEPM online summer training.
Grab excellent knowledge in this area by prof. sarkar sir from BBIJ college. I hope anyone can see this helpful pdf file for this presentation.
The cement industry is worldwide one of the main contributors to man-made CO2 emissions, estimated at 7% of global emissions.
To keep pace with the demand and pressure to reduce CO2 emissions, a shift to sustainable building materials for housing and infrastructure must still be continued.
Cement manufacturers can make significant progress toward sustainability goals with alternative fuels and efficiency projects by reducing clinker content through cementitious additives (SCM).
Presentation given by Paul Fennell of Imperial College London on "The Integration of Power Generation, Cement Manufacture, Biomass Utilisation and Calcium Looping." at the Alternative CCS Pathways Workshop, Oxford Martin School, 27 June 2014
The document describes a case study of constructing an ash pond dyke using fly ash, waste recycled product (WRP), and locally available soil. Laboratory tests on mixtures of these materials found that a mixture of WRP, fly ash, and clay met permeability and strength requirements for the dyke construction. A section of the dyke was designed using this optimized mixture, with the upstream portion consisting of local soil. The constructed ash pond dyke has been functioning satisfactorily since 2001.
- Fly ash is a byproduct of coal burning in thermal power plants and is currently a major waste disposal problem.
- The document discusses using fly ash to produce bricks, cement, and fertilizer as ways to utilize it productively.
- Field trials showed that adding an optimal amount of fly ash to soil increased crop yields of rice and wheat, likely by improving soil structure and water retention. However, more research is needed before conclusions can be drawn.
This document provides information about cesium formate brine, including its uses, benefits, and the company that produces it. Specifically:
- Cesium formate brine is a high-density, non-toxic brine used for drilling, completing, and suspending deep gas wells. It can have densities up to 143 pcf.
- Using cesium formate brine improves economics by allowing faster drilling and completions while improving well safety. It also maximizes reservoir production and definition.
- Cabot Corporation produces cesium formate brine from pollucite ore in Canada. It has been used in over 250 deep gas wells worldwide since 1999.
This document provides a summary of a report on a project to calcine limestone in a circulating fluidized bed with coal residues as fuel. The plant was designed to calcine 14 tons of limestone with 12.5 tons of coal residues per hour. The report describes operating the plant using fine-grained coal and then coal residues. Key findings include disturbances occurring during startup, higher NOx emissions when using coal residues, and that the product could be used to produce quality sand-lime bricks when calcined with coal but product quality issues arose when using coal residues.
Ready mix concrete is produced at a central batching plant and delivered to construction sites in agitator trucks. This allows for precise mixtures and reduces waste compared to on-site mixing. The key advantages are quality control, reduced labor costs, and faster construction. Some disadvantages include additional transportation costs and the possibility of contamination during delivery. The first ready mix concrete plant was established in Germany in 1903, and commercial delivery began in the United States in 1913. The industry has grown significantly since the 1960s to become widely used around the world today.
Experimental Investigation on Geo-polymer BricksIRJET Journal
- The document presents the results of an experimental study investigating the properties of geo-polymer bricks made with fly ash and GGBS as source materials.
- Tests were conducted on bricks with varying ratios of fly ash to GGBS (95-5, 90-10, 80-20%) and sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide solutions (0.5, 1, 2).
- The results showed that increasing both the percentage of fly ash and the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide increased the compressive strength and durability of the bricks as evidenced by lower water absorption.
- At a sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio of 1, the bricks met the
Challenges for Concrete. Presenterat av professor Karen Scrivener, vinnare av Swedish Concrete Award 2015, på Träffpunkt Betong 15 den 7 oktober i Stockholm.
Cement production is a major contributor to global emissions. This document summarizes a report outlining a pathway for Australia to achieve zero carbon cement production within 10 years through 5 strategies: 1) Using geopolymer cements containing no Portland cement, 2) Using high-blend cements with low Portland cement, 3) Employing mineral carbonation to capture remaining emissions, 4) Using less cement through design and materials efficiency, and 5) Developing carbon negative magnesium-based cements. This would transform Australia's cement industry from a significant emitter to a carbon sink, and position the country as a leader in zero carbon cement technology.
ProSocial Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
You may be stressed about revealing your cancer diagnosis to your child or children.
Children love stories and these often provide parents with a means of broaching tricky subjects and so the ‘The Secret Warrior’ book was especially written for CANSA TLC, by creative writer and social worker, Sally Ann Carter.
Find out more:
https://cansa.org.za/resources-to-help-share-a-parent-or-loved-ones-cancer-diagnosis-with-a-child/
The reduced CO2 emissions of Geopolymer cements make them a good alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement.
Produces a substance that is comparable to or better than traditional cements with respect to most properties.
Geopolymer concrete has excellent properties within both acid and salt environments
Low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete has excellent compressive strength and is suitable for Structural applications.
Recovery of sale-able slag from jigging tailings in FeMn productionKAUSHIK SHUBHANK
This document summarizes the process developed by B.D. Nanda and team to recover saleable slag from jigging tailings at the Ferro Alloys Plant in Joda, India. The team developed a process to crush the mixed metal and slag waste to under 15mm, then screen it to separate slag with manganese content over 30%, addressing a growing demand-supply gap. This process eliminated waste dumping, reduced environmental impacts, and generated an annual net benefit of over 322 lakhs for the plant and 412 lakhs for downstream industries by providing higher quality slag. The innovative solution converted waste into a usable input that improved operations while achieving environmental and economic benefits.
PRODUCTION & LOGISTICS FOR AN IN-MARKET FRAC SAND SUPPLYiQHub
This document discusses plans by Hog Lick Aggregates LLC to develop a zero emissions frac sand and aggregates production facility. It proposes 5 components: 1) sourcing frac sand from local deposits to reduce transport emissions; 2) using electric equipment powered by an on-site biomass plant; 3) drying frac sand with steam rather than natural gas; 4) producing hydrogen on-site to fuel vehicles and equipment; and 5) capturing and storing carbon emissions. Economic analyses show the biomass plant and steam drying would save on energy costs and pay for themselves within a few years. The company is also pursuing funding to establish a regional hydrogen production hub.
Rehabilitation Of Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete BeamIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on rehabilitating reinforced geopolymer concrete beams. Geopolymer concrete was produced using fly ash as a cement replacement along with alkaline liquids. Conventional reinforced concrete beams were first cast and tested to determine their load carrying capacity and flexural strength. Then, geopolymer concrete beams were cast with and without glass fiber wrapping on the soffit and sides. All beams were tested after 28 days of curing. The results showed that both conventional and geopolymer concrete beams with fiber wrapping had higher ultimate loads and moments than comparable beams without wrapping. Specifically, wrapping the soffit and sides led to the highest improvements in load carrying performance.
IRJET - Fly Ash Interlocking Brick by using Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
1) The document presents research on developing interlocking bricks using geopolymer concrete as a more sustainable alternative to traditional concrete bricks.
2) Geopolymer concrete is made from fly ash, chemicals like sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, and has similar engineering properties as Portland cement concrete but with lower environmental impact.
3) The researchers created molds to cast geopolymer concrete bricks in different sizes and shapes to interlock. Testing showed the bricks had sufficient compressive strength and were more lightweight and eco-friendly than traditional clay bricks.
As cement is been involved in various contrived effects to the environment, an alternative is necessary for its impacts reduction.Such alternative is done by completely replacing the cement with silicafume and flyash which are the by-products.
Larry Hernandez with Caltrans provides the department's perspective on in-place recycling in a presentation delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Co-processing in cement kiln Concepts and in Oil and Gas Sector | John Jones,...Cairn India Limited
This document discusses co-processing waste materials in cement kilns, with a focus on concepts, initiatives, and case studies in Southeast Asia and the oil and gas sector. It provides an overview of co-processing, definitions, benefits, guidelines developed by Holcim and GTZ, and legal frameworks. Case studies from Indonesia describe Geocycle projects with Chevron, Star Energy, Montd'Or Oil, Pertamina, and Medco handling various oil and gas wastes, including drilling cuttings, contaminated soils, and hazardous chemicals, totaling over 15,000 metric tons. Updates on co-processing initiatives in India are also briefly outlined. The presentation aims to promote co-processing as an environmentally beneficial
Durability Studies on Geopolymer Concrete using Ground Granulated Blast Furna...IRJET Journal
This document presents research on the durability of geopolymer concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Geopolymer concrete is an alternative to traditional concrete that uses an alkaline activator instead of Portland cement. The study investigates the acid resistance, sorptivity, and water absorption of geopolymer concrete specimens containing GGBS through standardized testing methods. Specimens are cured and then subjected to acid exposure, water submersion, and weight measurements to evaluate performance. The results of the durability testing are presented and aim to assess the potential for using GGBS in geopolymer concrete.
This presentation I got from OSTP- IEPM online summer training.
Grab excellent knowledge in this area by prof. sarkar sir from BBIJ college. I hope anyone can see this helpful pdf file for this presentation.
The cement industry is worldwide one of the main contributors to man-made CO2 emissions, estimated at 7% of global emissions.
To keep pace with the demand and pressure to reduce CO2 emissions, a shift to sustainable building materials for housing and infrastructure must still be continued.
Cement manufacturers can make significant progress toward sustainability goals with alternative fuels and efficiency projects by reducing clinker content through cementitious additives (SCM).
Presentation given by Paul Fennell of Imperial College London on "The Integration of Power Generation, Cement Manufacture, Biomass Utilisation and Calcium Looping." at the Alternative CCS Pathways Workshop, Oxford Martin School, 27 June 2014
The document describes a case study of constructing an ash pond dyke using fly ash, waste recycled product (WRP), and locally available soil. Laboratory tests on mixtures of these materials found that a mixture of WRP, fly ash, and clay met permeability and strength requirements for the dyke construction. A section of the dyke was designed using this optimized mixture, with the upstream portion consisting of local soil. The constructed ash pond dyke has been functioning satisfactorily since 2001.
- Fly ash is a byproduct of coal burning in thermal power plants and is currently a major waste disposal problem.
- The document discusses using fly ash to produce bricks, cement, and fertilizer as ways to utilize it productively.
- Field trials showed that adding an optimal amount of fly ash to soil increased crop yields of rice and wheat, likely by improving soil structure and water retention. However, more research is needed before conclusions can be drawn.
This document provides information about cesium formate brine, including its uses, benefits, and the company that produces it. Specifically:
- Cesium formate brine is a high-density, non-toxic brine used for drilling, completing, and suspending deep gas wells. It can have densities up to 143 pcf.
- Using cesium formate brine improves economics by allowing faster drilling and completions while improving well safety. It also maximizes reservoir production and definition.
- Cabot Corporation produces cesium formate brine from pollucite ore in Canada. It has been used in over 250 deep gas wells worldwide since 1999.
This document provides a summary of a report on a project to calcine limestone in a circulating fluidized bed with coal residues as fuel. The plant was designed to calcine 14 tons of limestone with 12.5 tons of coal residues per hour. The report describes operating the plant using fine-grained coal and then coal residues. Key findings include disturbances occurring during startup, higher NOx emissions when using coal residues, and that the product could be used to produce quality sand-lime bricks when calcined with coal but product quality issues arose when using coal residues.
Ready mix concrete is produced at a central batching plant and delivered to construction sites in agitator trucks. This allows for precise mixtures and reduces waste compared to on-site mixing. The key advantages are quality control, reduced labor costs, and faster construction. Some disadvantages include additional transportation costs and the possibility of contamination during delivery. The first ready mix concrete plant was established in Germany in 1903, and commercial delivery began in the United States in 1913. The industry has grown significantly since the 1960s to become widely used around the world today.
Experimental Investigation on Geo-polymer BricksIRJET Journal
- The document presents the results of an experimental study investigating the properties of geo-polymer bricks made with fly ash and GGBS as source materials.
- Tests were conducted on bricks with varying ratios of fly ash to GGBS (95-5, 90-10, 80-20%) and sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide solutions (0.5, 1, 2).
- The results showed that increasing both the percentage of fly ash and the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide increased the compressive strength and durability of the bricks as evidenced by lower water absorption.
- At a sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio of 1, the bricks met the
Challenges for Concrete. Presenterat av professor Karen Scrivener, vinnare av Swedish Concrete Award 2015, på Träffpunkt Betong 15 den 7 oktober i Stockholm.
Cement production is a major contributor to global emissions. This document summarizes a report outlining a pathway for Australia to achieve zero carbon cement production within 10 years through 5 strategies: 1) Using geopolymer cements containing no Portland cement, 2) Using high-blend cements with low Portland cement, 3) Employing mineral carbonation to capture remaining emissions, 4) Using less cement through design and materials efficiency, and 5) Developing carbon negative magnesium-based cements. This would transform Australia's cement industry from a significant emitter to a carbon sink, and position the country as a leader in zero carbon cement technology.
ProSocial Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
You may be stressed about revealing your cancer diagnosis to your child or children.
Children love stories and these often provide parents with a means of broaching tricky subjects and so the ‘The Secret Warrior’ book was especially written for CANSA TLC, by creative writer and social worker, Sally Ann Carter.
Find out more:
https://cansa.org.za/resources-to-help-share-a-parent-or-loved-ones-cancer-diagnosis-with-a-child/
Aggression - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Understanding of Self - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Procrastination is a common challenge that many individuals face when it comes to completing tasks and achieving goals. It can hinder productivity and lead to feelings of stress and frustration.
However, with the right strategies and mindset, it is possible to overcome procrastination and increase productivity.
In this article, we will explore the causes of procrastination, how to recognize the signs of procrastination in oneself, and effective strategies for overcoming procrastination and boosting productivity.
As we navigate through the ebbs and flows of life, it is natural to experience moments of low motivation and dwindling passion for our goals.
However, it is important to remember that this is a common hurdle that can be overcome with the right strategies in place.
In this guide, we will explore ways to rekindle the fire within you and stay motivated towards your aspirations.
4. Context
4
• Focus of NGT on Ash Utilization in Distt
Korba.
• Exploring Un-utilized Avenues.
• Prospects for Team Alchemy.
• Idea Generation.
• Existing Methods of Ash Utilization at
NTPC Korba.
• Utilization of Idea.
• Ash Dyke Issues.
5. GoI’s Ash Notification-2015/16
Clause-2.11/ 2.12 & 5.0
2.11 – The Coal based TPP shall promote, adopt & setup Ash based manufacturing
facilities within their premises or vicinity.
2.12 – The coal based TPP in the vicinity of the cities shall promote, support and
assist in setting up of ash based product manufacturing units so as to meet the
requirements of bricks and other building construction materials and also to reduce
the transportation.
5.0 – 100% utilization of Fly Ash generated by 31.12.2017.
6. NTPC’s Ash Policy-2015
Clause-11.0 “Efforts for New Area of Ash Utilization -
Geopolymers”
11.1 Fly Ash based light weight sand. 11.2 Fly Ash based Geo-Polymer Concrete.
*These activities shall be financed from
Ash Fund.
Material Requirement
1) Sodium Silicate – Na2SiO3
2) Sodium Hydroxide – NaOH
3) Fly Ash
Activator
7. Concept of Geopolymers
Geo-polymerisation involves alkaline activation of materials rich in silica and alumina.
Reaction
conditions
Temp/
Time
Solid aluminosilicate raw
material
Alkali
activator
Geopolymer paste
It give a three- dimensional silico-aluminate structure by polycondensation.
8. Potential at NTPC Korba
• Sodium Hydroxide – Pellets used in DM Plant
for Resin Regeneration. Required only for
preparation of alkali activator.
• Sodium Silicate – Required as Binder in alkali
activator solution. It is an inorganic sodium
salt which has silicate as the counterion. To
be arranged/ sourced.
2x NaOH + SiO2 →
(Na2O)x·SiO2 + x H2O
• Aggregate material – Sand/ Gravel or any
other coarse material to be iterated as per
availability.
Raw Material Availability
• Solid Aluminosilicate Raw Material – Available
as Fly Ash in plenty.
Iterations
9. Iteration I – Silica Gel
9
NTPC’s Zero Deviation Document –
• Disposal of Silica Waste - P.No. 36 of 55.
• Material Type – Hazardous as per HWM Rules-
2016.
• Authorization from PCB – Required for Disposal.
• Disposal – Sale to Recycler or disposal at TSDF
facility.
• Documentation – Annual Return/ Storage
permission from PCB.
Present stock at NTPC Korba:
• At Stores – 5 MT
• At site – 1 MT
• Validity of Authorization for NTPC Korba:
Qty – 10 MT/ annum.
Period – 21.11.2024.
Silica Gel stored at NTPC Korba
10. Preparation of Sodium Silicate solution
1. Removing water and impurities from Silica gel and Sodium Hydroxide.
2. Weighment as per stoichiometric requirement.
3. Addition and Preparation of Reactants.
4. Maintaining reaction conditions (100-120 deg C with stirring).
5. Filtration of reaction product.
6. Stocking of sodium silicate solution.
1 5
4
3
2 6
11. Iteration II – Mill Reject as aggregate
11
• Available quantity – 75, 000 MT (approx).
• Material Type – Waste with minimal resale value.
• Authorization – Not required.
• Disposal – Sale on online platform MSTC.
• Utilization proposed – As aggregate for GP
concrete mix after crushing.
• Potential – 1, 35, 000 sqm area.
12. Design Parameters
12
Mix Design parameters selected for Fly Ash
Geopolymer Mortar
Ratio of alkaline liquid to fly ash by
mass
0.35
Concentration of NaOH solution (in
molar)
8
Ratio of Na2SiO3 to NaOH (by
mass)
2.5
Initial Curing Method Oven
Initial Curing Temp (deg C) 60
Curing Time (in hrs) 24
Rest Period (in hrs) 168
Preparation of Fly Ash Geopolymer concrete
Mortar blocks 9X9X9 cm.
Preparation of blocks using Sand-Fly Ash
Geopolymer concrete 15X15 X15 cm.
Preparation of blocks using Mill Reject-Fly Ash
Geopolymer concrete 15X15X15 cm.
9X9X9 cm
Mould
15X15X15 cm Mould
13. Detailed Mix Proportions
13
Details of mix proportions for Fly ash geopolymer concrete
Mix-type proportion GP-Mortar Block Sand-Fly Ash GP Mill Reject-Fly Ash
GP
Fly Ash Only (kg/
m3)
1201 721 960
Sand (kg/ m3) - 480 -
Mill Reject (kg/ m3) - - 241
Extra Water (kg/ m3) 10 10 10
NaOH (kg/ m3) 41 43 45
Na2SiO3 (kg/ m3) 103 108 113
Na2O/SiO2 0.1 0.12 0.15
SiO2/Al2O3 4.68 4.8 4.95
H2O/SiO2 14.70 14.40 14.10
Water to Solids by
weight
0.2 0.2 0.2
14. Preparation Process
Raw Material - Fly Ash GP
Mortar
Raw Material – Sand Fly Ash GP
Concrete
Raw Material – Mill Reject Fly Ash
GP Concrete
Step-1 – Preparation of Precursors & Raw
aggregates
15. Preparation Process
Raw Material – Sand Fly Ash GP Concrete Raw Material – Mill Reject Fly Ash GP
Concrete
Step-2 – Mixing of Raw aggregates
16. Preparation Process
Addition of Alkali Activator Making Dough Mix
Step-3 – Preparation of Dough Mix
Sand-Fly Ash Mill Reject-Fly Ash
18. Preparation Process
Blocks after temperature
curing
Step-5 – Temperature Curing and Resting
Temperature Curing @ 24
Hrs at
60 deg C
Mould after Temperature
Curing
19. Preparation Process
Sand-Fly Ash Geopolymer
Concrete
Step-6 – Final Fly Ash Geopolymer Concrete Block after 4 days
Fly Ash Mortar Geopolymers
Mill Reject - Fly Ash
Geopolymer Concrete
20. Testing planned of GP Fly Ash Concrete
Blocks
20
Tests Planned
• Dimensions & Tolerances
• Compressive Strength at 7, 21 & 28 days.
• Abrasion Resistance.
• Water Absorption Tests after 28 days.
• X-ray Diffraction test for crystallinity.
• SEM analysis to study morphology and
distribution of particles.
Other Iterations proposed –
• Use of Bottom Ash as aggregate
material for construction of test
blocks.
21. Advantages & Disadvantages
21
Advantages
• Reduces Carbon footprint.
• Utilize Fly Ash.
• High Compressive &
Tensile Strength.
• Very low Creep and
Shrinkage.
• Resistant to Heat & Cold.
• Chemical Resistant.
Disadvantages
• Slight Difficult to create.
• Require handling of
chemicals.
• Field is Nascent and still
under study.
22. 22
Areas available for Testing Geopolymer
Concrete
DM Plant CW P/p House CT Area Construction Stores ZLD Area
23. Cost savings/100 sqm concreting of 0.15m
thickness
23
Cement required 28 bags @ Rs 300/ bag (1:2:4) (tentative) = Rs 8, 400/-
Sand & Aggregates Cost @ Rs 3/ kg (1:2:4) (tentative) = Rs 5, 120/-
Total material savings for 100 sqm fly ash geopolymer concreting
with mill reject = Rs 13, 520/-
Cost to be incurred for alkali activator per 15 m3 of fly ash
GP concrete = Rs 42/-
Nominal cost of Mill reject @ Rs 650/ m3 = Rs 4, 062/-
Gross material savings/ 100 sqm fly ash GP concreting = Rs 9, 416/-
• NaOH required for alkali activator can be further reduced by using effluent of
regeneration (2M) in DM plant.
24. NTPC Green Initiatives
24
Our company has planned to replace 11000 MW Thermal Power
Plants older than 25 years with Energy Efficient Super Critical
Plants.
Our company is running more than a dozen initiatives to get rid of
fly ash.
Our company has planted 20 million trees till date in and around its
projects.
Our company have committed to use treated sewage water at its
Dadri Power Station.
Our Company has set ambitious targets for promotion of Green
Hydrogen as alternate fuel for Transport and Gas turbines.
25. Conclusion
25
Our company has been at the forefront of Agro Residue and
Municipal Solid Waste Management, to give the capital and
NCR cleaner air.
Our company has invited developers to set up 100 waste-to-
energy plants.
Our company has gone for Paperless Office through “PRADIP”
Project.
Going Green begins at home’ is the company’s mantra in
all aspects of its operations.
26. 26
• The savings on account of use of Fly Ash GP may
not be huge.
• As a responsible corporate entity, NTPC can spread
environment protection message among its industry
peers.
• Inhouse utilization of fly ash will help NTPC to
achieve the GoI set target of 100% ash utilization
from TPP’s
• Moreover, this initiative will add one more feather in
already bright cap of NTPC towards environment
protection.
Conclusion
30. Laboratory Testing of GP Fly Ash Concrete
Blocks
30
Sample Block Compressive Strength at
25 oC in N/mm2
(IS 15658: 2006)
*Cement Mortar Blocks 7.5
*Concrete Blocks (M25) 18.3
**Fly Ash GP Mortar
Blocks
**Fly Ash - Sand GP
Blocks
**Mill Reject - Sand GP
Blocks
*Source – IS 2185: 2005 “Concrete Masonry Units”.
31. Laboratory Testing of GP Fly Ash Concrete
Blocks
31
Sample Block (after 28 days curing) Water Absorption at room temp %
(IS 15658: 2006)
*Cement Mortar Blocks 1.5
*Concrete Blocks 2.4
Fly Ash GP Mortar Blocks
Sand – Fly Ash GP Blocks
Mill Reject – Fly Ash GP Blocks
*Source – IS 2185: 2005 “Concrete Masonry Units”.
Editor's Notes
1 sq ft = 0.09 sqm
1 cum = 35.3 cuft
Aggregate req = 1.35cuft per sqft i.e. 1350 cuft for 1000 sqft
SEM- Scanning Electron microscopy
1 m3 = 2.4 MT
Water absorption
IS 15,658:2006. The block was completely immersed in water tank at room temperature for 24 hours. The block was removed and allowed to drain for 1 minute. The excess water on the surface of block was removed by damp cloth. The weight of block was noted immediately. Afterwards, the block was dried in a ventilated oven at 110ºC for 24 h. The dry weight of each block was recorded. The water absorption of block was calculated by taking the difference of weights of saturated block and dry block and dividing it by the weight of dry block.