Recommended
More Related Content
More from Bruno Skvorc
More from Bruno Skvorc (6)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Teaching Tuesday 2: How Does the Atomic Clock Work?
- 2. What is time? (in physics)
- 3. Pendulum
- 4. Pendulum
- 5. 1927: SiO2 - Quartz
- 6. Resonating Quartz vibrates at a specific frequency when hit with electricity
- 7. Piezoelectricity Producing electricity from pressure and/or heat - mechanical stress
- 8. Piezoelectricity: applications ● Stove lighter ● Accelerometer ● Energy Harvesting (floor surfaces, smartwear, shoes) ● Watches!
- 9. Quartz Watch - Reverse Piezoelectric - Quartz has a specific vibration: 32768Hz - 2^15Hz - Power of 2 makes it translatable to 1Hz and thereby seconds, one cycle per second - New electric current drives seconds hand
- 10. Quartz Watch - not perfect! Can lose up to 0.06 Hz due to temperature! Loses time!
- 11. Quartz Watch - good enough for most! Even pacemakers!
- 14. Atoms Oscillate precisely Oscillate fungibly across an element
- 15. 1967: Caesium 133 isotope 9,192,631,770 oscillations of Cs133 ● Low energy Cs vs High energy Cs, separatable by a magnet ● Radiowave at 9B Hz hits atoms ● Auto-adjusting
- 16. The Atomic Clock
- 17. Next Gen Strontium, supercooling, lasers Less than a second during the age of the universe
- 18. Open Questions ● Where does the Cesium come from?
- 19. Open Questions ● Where does the Cesium come from? ¯_(ツ)_/¯
- 20. Open Questions ● Where does the Cesium come from? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● Does it run out after a while? Do atomic clocks need to be reloaded with Cs after they “spend” some?
- 21. Open Questions ● Where does the Cesium come from? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● Does it run out after a while? Do atomic clocks need to be reloaded with Cs after they “spend” some? ¯_(ツ)_/¯
- 22. Open Questions ● Where does the Cesium come from? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● Does it run out after a while? Do atomic clocks need to be reloaded with Cs after they “spend” some? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● How do *small* chip-size atomic clocks work?
- 23. Open Questions ● Where does the Cesium come from? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● Does it run out after a while? Do atomic clocks need to be reloaded with Cs after they “spend” some? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● How do *small* chip-size atomic clocks work? ¯_(ツ)_/¯
- 24. Open Questions ● Where does the Cesium come from? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● Does it run out after a while? Do atomic clocks need to be reloaded with Cs after they “spend” some? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● How do *small* chip-size atomic clocks work? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● If Cs is used most commonly, why isn’t it the ultimate best? Why not switch all to Rubidium or Strontium, or Cesium for that matter?
- 25. Open Questions ● Where does the Cesium come from? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● Does it run out after a while? Do atomic clocks need to be reloaded with Cs after they “spend” some? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● How do *small* chip-size atomic clocks work? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● If Cs is used most commonly, why isn’t it the ultimate best? Why not switch all to Rubidium or Strontium, or Cesium for that matter? ¯_(ツ)_/¯
- 26. Open Questions ● Where does the Cesium come from? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● Does it run out after a while? Do atomic clocks need to be reloaded with Cs after they “spend” some? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● How do *small* chip-size atomic clocks work? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● If Cs is used most commonly, why isn’t it the ultimate best? Why not switch all to Rubidium or Strontium, or Cesium for that matter? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● Does magnetic filtering of different energy states of Cs133 mean that atomic clocks are susceptible to magnetic interference?
- 27. Open Questions ● Where does the Cesium come from? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● Does it run out after a while? Do atomic clocks need to be reloaded with Cs after they “spend” some? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● How do *small* chip-size atomic clocks work? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● If Cs is used most commonly, why isn’t it the ultimate best? Why not switch all to Rubidium or Strontium, or Cesium for that matter? ¯_(ツ)_/¯ ● Does magnetic filtering of different energy states of Cs133 mean that atomic clocks are susceptible to magnetic interference? ¯_(ツ)_/¯
- 28. Conclusion Cool stuff, but still a lot of unexplained sci-fi.