This document discusses the risks and opportunities of using dedicated technical writers on engineering projects in the energy and resources industries. It summarizes interviews with 9 professionals working in these industries on their perspectives of how technical writers could impact projects positively and negatively. Overall, it finds that while technical writers may initially cost more, they help improve project efficiency, drive schedules, increase profits and add value if utilized properly. The risks they pose can be mitigated, while the opportunities they provide around reader focus, documentation quality and project optimization outweigh those risks.
Technical Writing in Energy and Resources: Risks and OpportunitiesDr Robert Illes
Working as a technical writer on some energy and resources mega-projects, it is apparent that there is a potentially vast “undiscovered country” of opportunity for writers. An exploratory study was carried out, with the help of stakeholders at all levels, concerned with identifying and exploring the risks and opportunities associated with using a dedicated technical communication resource on engineering projects. One recurrent theme emerged – that of promoting technical communication as a profit centre. Furthermore, the risks identified were largely culturally predisposed and were perceived as being easily mitigated and/or massively outweighed by the benefits.
A series of modules on project cycle, planning and the logical framework, aimed at team leaders of international NGOs in developing countries.
New improved version of Writing Project Proposals in February 2014.
Online networks & the traditional university a prospectusDavid C Roberts
The subject of this report is the development of online learning and how it might affect the university sector. The aim is to consider the potential and threat represented by this technology. To achieve this it is necessary to consider the strengths of the new online learning approaches, their likely development and plausible market reactions. It is a deliberate scenario-setting, written in order to facilitate strategic analysis and responses. The only judgments made are that, first, this is an important topic and that, second, this is in part because teachers have a responsibility to use technology well. No other position of judgment is taken as to what will happen in the coming years but instead four scenarios are described, each conveying a different level of impact upon UK higher education.
Technical Writing in Energy and Resources: Risks and OpportunitiesDr Robert Illes
Working as a technical writer on some energy and resources mega-projects, it is apparent that there is a potentially vast “undiscovered country” of opportunity for writers. An exploratory study was carried out, with the help of stakeholders at all levels, concerned with identifying and exploring the risks and opportunities associated with using a dedicated technical communication resource on engineering projects. One recurrent theme emerged – that of promoting technical communication as a profit centre. Furthermore, the risks identified were largely culturally predisposed and were perceived as being easily mitigated and/or massively outweighed by the benefits.
A series of modules on project cycle, planning and the logical framework, aimed at team leaders of international NGOs in developing countries.
New improved version of Writing Project Proposals in February 2014.
Online networks & the traditional university a prospectusDavid C Roberts
The subject of this report is the development of online learning and how it might affect the university sector. The aim is to consider the potential and threat represented by this technology. To achieve this it is necessary to consider the strengths of the new online learning approaches, their likely development and plausible market reactions. It is a deliberate scenario-setting, written in order to facilitate strategic analysis and responses. The only judgments made are that, first, this is an important topic and that, second, this is in part because teachers have a responsibility to use technology well. No other position of judgment is taken as to what will happen in the coming years but instead four scenarios are described, each conveying a different level of impact upon UK higher education.
Technical Writing Annemarie Hamlin, Chris Rubio, Michele DeSilva.docxjacqueliner9
Technical Writing
Annemarie Hamlin, Chris Rubio, Michele DeSilva
Open Oregon Educational Resources
Technical Writing by Annemarie Hamlin, Chris Rubio,Michele DeSilvais licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 InternationalLicense, except where otherwise noted.
Contents
· Acknowledgements
· External LinkDisclaimer
· Introductioncc-by
· 1. ProfessionalCommunications
· 1.1Texting
· 1.2E-mail
· 1.3Netiquette
· 1.4Memorandums
· 1.5Letters
· 2. AudienceAnalysis
· 2.1 Types ofaudiences
· 2.2 Audienceanalysis
· 2.3 Adapting your writing to meet youraudience’s
needs
· 3.Proposals
· 3.1 Somepreliminaries
· 3.2 Types ofproposals
· 3.3 Typical scenarios for theproposal
· 3.4 Common sections inproposals
· 3.5 Special assignmentrequirements
· 3.6 Proposals andaudience
· 3.7 Revision checklist forproposals
· 4. InformationLiteracy
· 4.1 Informationformats
· 4.2 The informationtimeline
· 4.3 The researchcycle
· 4.4 Researchtools
· 4.5 Searchstrategies
· 4.6 Evaluatesources
· 5. Citations andPlagiarism
· 5.1Citations
· 5.2Plagiarism
· 6. ProgressReports
· 6.1 Functions and Contents of ProgressReports
· 6.2 Timing and Format of ProgressReports
· 6.3 Organizational Patterns or Sectionsfor ProgressReports
· 6.4 Other Parts of ProgressReports
· 6.5 Revision Checklist for ProgressReports
· 7.Outlines
· 7.1 Creating and usingoutlines
· 7.2 Developing the roughoutline
· 8. Creating and IntegratingGraphics
· 8.1 Deciding which graphics toinclude
· 8.2 Other considerations:audience
· 8.3 Other considerations: placement andcontext
· 8.4Samples
· 8.5 Guidelines for graphics: a finalreview
· 9. Ethics in TechnicalWriting
· 9.1 GeneralPrinciples
· 9.2 Presentation ofinformation
· 9.3 Typical Ethics Issues in TechnicalWriting
· 9.4 Ethics and documentingsources
· 9.5 Ethics, Plagiarism, and ReliableSources
· 9.6 Professionalethics
· 10. DocumentDesign
· 10.1 Coverletter
· 10.2 Coverpage
· 10.3 Abstract and executivesummary
· 10.4 Table ofcontents
· 10.5 List of figures andtables
· 10.6 Introduction
· 10.7 Body of thereport
1
AcknowledgementsAbout this free online technical writing textbook
Much of this text, published under a Creative Commons license, was originally developed by Dr. David McMurrey, who is both a technical writer and a college instructor. For more about him and his original work, please visit his biography page at: https://www.prismnet.com/~hcexres/index.html. He kindly gave his text a CC-BY license at our request so that we could adapt our text from it. We extend our sincere appreciation to Dr. McMurrey, the team of consultants at Saylor University whose work shared viaopen educational resourcesis also featured in this text, and the host of educators, librarians, and professionals who
have shared their creations with a Creative Commons license. Our thanks as well to our colleague, Dr. Eleanor Sumpter-Latham, whose work we consulted and adapted into this text.
Additional materials have been adapted or created by An.
EBUS614- PROJECT AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT IN ORGANISATIONS .docxmadlynplamondon
EBUS614- PROJECT AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT IN ORGANISATIONS ACADEMIC YEAR 2020/21
ASSIGNMENT – JANUARY 2021
Page 1 of 3
Assignment title: “PROJECTS IN ALPHA MANUFACTURING, INC.”
Please read the following case study and answer all three questions. All questions are
equally weighted.
Background
The departments of Engineering, Marketing, Manufacturing, and R&D all had projects
that they were working on, and each department established its own priorities for the
projects. The problem was that the employees were working on multiple projects and
had to deal with competing priorities.
Prioritisation issues
Alpha Manufacturing was a low-cost producer of cables and wires. The industry itself
was considered a low-technology industry, and some of its products had been
manufactured the same way for decades. There were some projects to improve the
manufacturing processes, but they were few and far between. Each of the four
departments—Engineering, Marketing, Manufacturing, and R&D—had projects, but
the projects were generally quite small and used resources from only each individual
department. By the turn of the twenty-first century, manufacturing technologies began
to grow. Alpha had to prepare for the technology revolution that was about to impact
its business. Each department began preparing lists of projects that it would need to
work on, and some lists contained as many as 200 projects. These projects were more
complex than projects worked on previously, and project team members from all
departments were assigned on either a full-time or part-time basis.
Each department head officer would establish the priorities for the projects originating
in his or her department even though the projects required resources from other
departments. This created significant staffing issues and numerous conflicts:
• Each department would hoard its best project resources even though some
projects outside of the department were deemed more important to the overall
success of the company.
• Each department would put out fires by using people who were assigned to
projects outside of its department rather than using people who were working
on internal projects.
• Each department seemed to have little concern about any projects done in other
departments.
• Project priorities within each department could change on a daily basis because
of the personal whims of the head of that department.
• The only costs and schedules that were important were those related to projects
that originated within the department.
Senior management at the corporate level refused to get involved in the resolution of
conflicts between departments. The working relationships between the departments
deteriorated to the point where senior management reluctantly agreed to step in. The
total number of projects that the four departments wanted to complete over the next few
years exceeded 350, most of w ...
Technical Writing Annemarie Hamlin, Chris Rubio, Michele DeSilva.docxSANSKAR20
Technical Writing
Annemarie Hamlin, Chris Rubio, Michele DeSilva
Open Oregon Educational Resources
Technical Writing by is licensed under a , except where otherwise noted.
Contents
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·
·
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·
·
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·
·
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·
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·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
1
AcknowledgementsAbout this free online technical writing textbook
Much of this text, published under a Creative Commons license, was originally developed by Dr. David McMurrey, who is both a technical writer and a college instructor. For more about him and his original work, please visit his biography page at: . He kindly gave his text a CC-BY license at our request so that we could adapt our text from it. We extend our sincere appreciation to Dr. McMurrey, the team of consultants at Saylor University whose is also featured in this text, and the host of educators, librarians, and professionals who
have shared their creations with a Creative Commons license. Our thanks as well to our colleague, Dr. Eleanor Sumpter-Latham, whose work we consulted and adapted into this text.
Additional materials have been adapted or created by Annemarie Hamlin, Chris Rubio, and Michele DeSilva of Central Oregon Community College.
We also extend our gratitude to for the grant funding to pursue this project and especially to Amy Hofer of Open Oregon for her knowledgeable and helpful answers to many questions.
2
External Link Disclaimer
This textbook links to external websites over which the authors have no control. The authors have made efforts to ensure that external links are accurate and operational, but problems are inevitable. If you find a problem, please report it to Michele DeSilva at [email protected]
3
Introduction
Technical writing courses introduce you to some of the most important aspects of writing in the worlds of science, technology, and business—in other words, the kind of
writing that scientists, nurses, doctors, computer specialists, government officials, engineers, and other such people do as a part of their regular work. The skills learned in technical writing courses can be useful in other fields as well, including education and social sciences.
To learn how to write effectively for the professional world, you will study common types of reports, special format items such as lists and headings, simple techniques for creating and using graphics in reports, and some techniques for producing professional-looking final copy.
Technical writing courses build on what you have learned in other writing courses. But there is plenty new to learn! If you currently have a job in which you do some writing, you will discover that you can put what you learn in your technical writing course to immediate use.
About technical writing
While technical communication is essential in a wide range of fields and occupations, technical writing is also a fully professional field of its own wit.
PetroSync - Technical Report Writing and Presentation Skills for Oil & Gas En...PetroSync
This Technical Report Writing & Presentation Skills three-day course will teach Oil and Gas professionals how to write professional technical reports in a way that will be clearly understood by technical and non-technical readers alike, to ensure the maximum impact for them and their businesses.
The course starts off by building up from the ‘foundations’ of language, in terms of how to improve ‘readability’ and understanding by the readers for the best results. It teaches how to write good sentences and paragraphs.
Technical Writing Annemarie Hamlin, Chris Rubio, Michele DeSilva.docxjacqueliner9
Technical Writing
Annemarie Hamlin, Chris Rubio, Michele DeSilva
Open Oregon Educational Resources
Technical Writing by Annemarie Hamlin, Chris Rubio,Michele DeSilvais licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 InternationalLicense, except where otherwise noted.
Contents
· Acknowledgements
· External LinkDisclaimer
· Introductioncc-by
· 1. ProfessionalCommunications
· 1.1Texting
· 1.2E-mail
· 1.3Netiquette
· 1.4Memorandums
· 1.5Letters
· 2. AudienceAnalysis
· 2.1 Types ofaudiences
· 2.2 Audienceanalysis
· 2.3 Adapting your writing to meet youraudience’s
needs
· 3.Proposals
· 3.1 Somepreliminaries
· 3.2 Types ofproposals
· 3.3 Typical scenarios for theproposal
· 3.4 Common sections inproposals
· 3.5 Special assignmentrequirements
· 3.6 Proposals andaudience
· 3.7 Revision checklist forproposals
· 4. InformationLiteracy
· 4.1 Informationformats
· 4.2 The informationtimeline
· 4.3 The researchcycle
· 4.4 Researchtools
· 4.5 Searchstrategies
· 4.6 Evaluatesources
· 5. Citations andPlagiarism
· 5.1Citations
· 5.2Plagiarism
· 6. ProgressReports
· 6.1 Functions and Contents of ProgressReports
· 6.2 Timing and Format of ProgressReports
· 6.3 Organizational Patterns or Sectionsfor ProgressReports
· 6.4 Other Parts of ProgressReports
· 6.5 Revision Checklist for ProgressReports
· 7.Outlines
· 7.1 Creating and usingoutlines
· 7.2 Developing the roughoutline
· 8. Creating and IntegratingGraphics
· 8.1 Deciding which graphics toinclude
· 8.2 Other considerations:audience
· 8.3 Other considerations: placement andcontext
· 8.4Samples
· 8.5 Guidelines for graphics: a finalreview
· 9. Ethics in TechnicalWriting
· 9.1 GeneralPrinciples
· 9.2 Presentation ofinformation
· 9.3 Typical Ethics Issues in TechnicalWriting
· 9.4 Ethics and documentingsources
· 9.5 Ethics, Plagiarism, and ReliableSources
· 9.6 Professionalethics
· 10. DocumentDesign
· 10.1 Coverletter
· 10.2 Coverpage
· 10.3 Abstract and executivesummary
· 10.4 Table ofcontents
· 10.5 List of figures andtables
· 10.6 Introduction
· 10.7 Body of thereport
1
AcknowledgementsAbout this free online technical writing textbook
Much of this text, published under a Creative Commons license, was originally developed by Dr. David McMurrey, who is both a technical writer and a college instructor. For more about him and his original work, please visit his biography page at: https://www.prismnet.com/~hcexres/index.html. He kindly gave his text a CC-BY license at our request so that we could adapt our text from it. We extend our sincere appreciation to Dr. McMurrey, the team of consultants at Saylor University whose work shared viaopen educational resourcesis also featured in this text, and the host of educators, librarians, and professionals who
have shared their creations with a Creative Commons license. Our thanks as well to our colleague, Dr. Eleanor Sumpter-Latham, whose work we consulted and adapted into this text.
Additional materials have been adapted or created by An.
EBUS614- PROJECT AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT IN ORGANISATIONS .docxmadlynplamondon
EBUS614- PROJECT AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT IN ORGANISATIONS ACADEMIC YEAR 2020/21
ASSIGNMENT – JANUARY 2021
Page 1 of 3
Assignment title: “PROJECTS IN ALPHA MANUFACTURING, INC.”
Please read the following case study and answer all three questions. All questions are
equally weighted.
Background
The departments of Engineering, Marketing, Manufacturing, and R&D all had projects
that they were working on, and each department established its own priorities for the
projects. The problem was that the employees were working on multiple projects and
had to deal with competing priorities.
Prioritisation issues
Alpha Manufacturing was a low-cost producer of cables and wires. The industry itself
was considered a low-technology industry, and some of its products had been
manufactured the same way for decades. There were some projects to improve the
manufacturing processes, but they were few and far between. Each of the four
departments—Engineering, Marketing, Manufacturing, and R&D—had projects, but
the projects were generally quite small and used resources from only each individual
department. By the turn of the twenty-first century, manufacturing technologies began
to grow. Alpha had to prepare for the technology revolution that was about to impact
its business. Each department began preparing lists of projects that it would need to
work on, and some lists contained as many as 200 projects. These projects were more
complex than projects worked on previously, and project team members from all
departments were assigned on either a full-time or part-time basis.
Each department head officer would establish the priorities for the projects originating
in his or her department even though the projects required resources from other
departments. This created significant staffing issues and numerous conflicts:
• Each department would hoard its best project resources even though some
projects outside of the department were deemed more important to the overall
success of the company.
• Each department would put out fires by using people who were assigned to
projects outside of its department rather than using people who were working
on internal projects.
• Each department seemed to have little concern about any projects done in other
departments.
• Project priorities within each department could change on a daily basis because
of the personal whims of the head of that department.
• The only costs and schedules that were important were those related to projects
that originated within the department.
Senior management at the corporate level refused to get involved in the resolution of
conflicts between departments. The working relationships between the departments
deteriorated to the point where senior management reluctantly agreed to step in. The
total number of projects that the four departments wanted to complete over the next few
years exceeded 350, most of w ...
Technical Writing Annemarie Hamlin, Chris Rubio, Michele DeSilva.docxSANSKAR20
Technical Writing
Annemarie Hamlin, Chris Rubio, Michele DeSilva
Open Oregon Educational Resources
Technical Writing by is licensed under a , except where otherwise noted.
Contents
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
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·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
1
AcknowledgementsAbout this free online technical writing textbook
Much of this text, published under a Creative Commons license, was originally developed by Dr. David McMurrey, who is both a technical writer and a college instructor. For more about him and his original work, please visit his biography page at: . He kindly gave his text a CC-BY license at our request so that we could adapt our text from it. We extend our sincere appreciation to Dr. McMurrey, the team of consultants at Saylor University whose is also featured in this text, and the host of educators, librarians, and professionals who
have shared their creations with a Creative Commons license. Our thanks as well to our colleague, Dr. Eleanor Sumpter-Latham, whose work we consulted and adapted into this text.
Additional materials have been adapted or created by Annemarie Hamlin, Chris Rubio, and Michele DeSilva of Central Oregon Community College.
We also extend our gratitude to for the grant funding to pursue this project and especially to Amy Hofer of Open Oregon for her knowledgeable and helpful answers to many questions.
2
External Link Disclaimer
This textbook links to external websites over which the authors have no control. The authors have made efforts to ensure that external links are accurate and operational, but problems are inevitable. If you find a problem, please report it to Michele DeSilva at [email protected]
3
Introduction
Technical writing courses introduce you to some of the most important aspects of writing in the worlds of science, technology, and business—in other words, the kind of
writing that scientists, nurses, doctors, computer specialists, government officials, engineers, and other such people do as a part of their regular work. The skills learned in technical writing courses can be useful in other fields as well, including education and social sciences.
To learn how to write effectively for the professional world, you will study common types of reports, special format items such as lists and headings, simple techniques for creating and using graphics in reports, and some techniques for producing professional-looking final copy.
Technical writing courses build on what you have learned in other writing courses. But there is plenty new to learn! If you currently have a job in which you do some writing, you will discover that you can put what you learn in your technical writing course to immediate use.
About technical writing
While technical communication is essential in a wide range of fields and occupations, technical writing is also a fully professional field of its own wit.
PetroSync - Technical Report Writing and Presentation Skills for Oil & Gas En...PetroSync
This Technical Report Writing & Presentation Skills three-day course will teach Oil and Gas professionals how to write professional technical reports in a way that will be clearly understood by technical and non-technical readers alike, to ensure the maximum impact for them and their businesses.
The course starts off by building up from the ‘foundations’ of language, in terms of how to improve ‘readability’ and understanding by the readers for the best results. It teaches how to write good sentences and paragraphs.
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
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Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
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2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
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1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
India Orthopedic Devices Market: Unlocking Growth Secrets, Trends and Develop...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, “India Orthopedic Devices Market -Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2030”, the India Orthopedic Devices Market stood at USD 1,280.54 Million in 2024 and is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of 7.84% in the forecast period, 2026-2030F. The India Orthopedic Devices Market is being driven by several factors. The most prominent ones include an increase in the elderly population, who are more prone to orthopedic conditions such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Moreover, the rise in sports injuries and road accidents are also contributing to the demand for orthopedic devices. Advances in technology and the introduction of innovative implants and prosthetics have further propelled the market growth. Additionally, government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and the increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases have led to an upward trend in orthopedic surgeries, thereby fueling the market demand for these devices.
Accpac to QuickBooks Conversion Navigating the Transition with Online Account...PaulBryant58
This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to
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Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
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What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
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3. We are a leading professional services provider to the
energy, resource and complex process industries.
Our services cover the full spectrum both in size and
lifecycle – from the creation of new assets to services that
sustain and enhance operating assets.
Technical Communication is central and implicit in all
aspects of company activity…
4. Engineering Projects in
Energy and Resources
Waterfall project management
Subject matter / discipline experts own and do their own writing
Quality of writing is extremely variable
Focus of attention is usually the engineering, the schedule,
pesky changes or pacifying a customer who is equally under
pressure to deliver…
5. Engineering Projects:
The Undiscovered Country
The most important deliverables are:
Written Reports
Strategies
Decision Papers
Guidelines
Plans
Standards
Specifications
Philosophies
Design Basis
Method Statements
Procedures
Scopes of Work
Technical Studies
Opportunities at the outset…
6. Engineering Projects:
The Undiscovered Country
Choose your sector:
Power
Renewables
Coal, Gas
Carbon capture
Nuclear
Hydrocarbons
Deep water,
Subsea, On-shore
Oil, Gas
Processing, LNG,
Gas-to-liquid
Pipelines
Mining
Base metals, iron,
aluminium
Exotic metals,
lithium
Chemicals,
phosphates
Processing,
Beneficiation
Infrastructure
Transportation on
and off-shore
Pioneer camps,
Operations, Admin
Water
Environmental
impact
Niche consultancy:
Economic/Macroeconomic Analyses
Geotechnical
Carbon Consulting
Sulphur Technology
Opportunities at the outset…
7. Engineering Projects:
The Undiscovered Country
Choose your discipline:
Assurance and Governance Infrastructure
Business Organisation
Insurances
Capital Cost Estimating
Investment Opportunities
Commissioning
Communications (ICT)
Construction
Detailed Engineering
Design
Geology
Health, Safety and Security
Legal
Manufacturing
Market Analyses
Operations Management /
Mobilisation
Operating Cost Estimating
Permitting
Human Resources
Process Engineering
Product Laboratory Testing
Procurement and Supply
Chain Management
Quality and Integrity
Management
Regional / Local Content
Risk Management
Schedule and Planning
Stakeholder Analyses
Strategy
Sustainable Development /
Environment
Testing and Inspection
Opportunities at the outset…
9. Two-Way Risks and Opportunities
Risks
Technical Writer
Engineering Project
(Dedicated Technical
Communications)
(Company, Client,
Stakeholders)
Opportunities
1. What are the risks that a technical writer poses to an engineering
project?
2. What are the opportunities that a technical writer presents to an
engineering project?
3. What are the risks that an engineering project poses to a technical
writer?
4. What are the opportunities that an engineering project presents to a
technical writer?
10. Method – Data Gathering
One-to-one exploratory conversations with a selection of participants
Participant prompt sheet given a day in advance
Brainstorming and recording of ideas as they arise
11. Method – Data Analysis
Compilation of anecdotes
Emergence of categories
Saturation of data – you hear similar things with each new
participant
Occasional occurrence of a real gem/oddity that throws your entire
thinking…
12. Study Participants
Nine discipline specialists across the spectrum, at all levels from
graduate to director
“Home crowd” in that they are people I have worked with, get on
with and who agreed to spend a little time helping with this study
Name
Dionne
Matthew
Kate
Ceren
Frank
David
Sanjay
Jose
Scott
Dr Robert Illes
Role
Risk and Economics Manager
Senior Climate Change Consultant
Graduate Engineer
Graduate PSCM Specialist
Mega-projects Director
Engineering Manager
Process Engineer
Construction Manager
Regional Economics Director
Senior Technical Writer
15. Methodological Underpinning
Risk Management: risks and opportunities treated together
Covello and Allen (1988), Hillson (2002)
Small scale qualitative study, a limited number of participants
Glaser and Strauss (1967), Lincoln and Guba (1985)
Context of projects I have worked on: “battery limits”
All the assumptions and “noise” I bring to the study…
What’s in it for stakeholders?
Consequences for projects
What’s in it for us?
Enhancement of our practice
New and enhanced knowledge about
how technical writing can affect a
project
Avoiding probable pitfalls
How to mitigate probable risks
Enhanced kudos, some new
knowledge out there
16. Emerging Categories
Financial: aspects such as cash flow and budget
Expertise: is it appropriate, how it will affect the work generated
Project Efficiency: schedule, need for training, communication
Reputation: how it can be damaged or enhanced
17. 1. Risks to the Project
Risks
Financial
Expertise
1. FOR THE PROJECT (from the technical writer to the project)
Elements
How to Mitigate?
Cost – additional drain on budget, perception
Hire on a needs basis, draw on demonstrated
that tech comm is a cost centre
knowledge that it is a profit centre
Lack of relevant depth of knowledge in
Interview and hire the right person with:1)
relevant disciplines
engineering background 2) English skills 3)
common sense
Insufficient understanding of the scope, wasted Establishing positive and effective communication
time in reworking non fit for purpose work
channels, patience for all parties
Communication…
Differing points of view or focus on what is
important
Unknown skillset at point of hire leading to
either underuse of writer or highly divergent
results
Project Efficiency
Reputation
Interviewing, communication
Communication. Allow writer to engage
clients/stakeholders
Lack of engaging all stakeholders. Is the writer
adequately focused on the reader?
Need for training (both the writer and SMEs)
Technical writer ownership – potential
bottleneck if writer has to review every
document
Conflicts of interest – exposure to highly
confidential data
Company X perceived as expensive due to
lavish use of “non-essential” personnel in
expensive locations
Small initial pain for larger gains
Train others in the ways of the writer; let writer
focus on those big, important documents like
executive summaries
Learn the principle of Chinese walls
Hire a writer on a “needs basis” or make tech
comm a profit generating centre
18. 2. Opportunities for the Project
Opportunities
Financial
Expertise
2. FOR THE PROJECT (from the technical writer to the project)
Elements
Increased profits – save money in the long run as project is demonstrably on time, on
budget, producing quality work
Realisation of what we can use a writer for: scopes of work, feasibility reports, execution
reports, end of project reports
Writer can revitalise a study with a fresh approach; organise data in innovative ways
Project
Efficiency
Writers focus on the reader, not their line manager or some piece of engineering
Making all documents standardised, fit for purpose, up-to-date, consistent and useable
across all disciplines
Can help project be on time, on budget, reduce burden of SMEs; so long as engaged
EARLY
New approaches streamline project practices, are reusable, driving schedule; generally
improve the quality of project work
Reputation
A writer is a natural interface between SME disciplines and with clients
Leverage good writing quality as an integral part of why the company should get the work
Mitigate communication breakdowns over documents being rejected at the outset
19. 3. Risks to the Writer
Risks
Financial
Expertise
Project
Efficiency
Reputation
3. FOR THE TECHNICAL WRITER (from the project to the technical writer)
Elements
How to Mitigate?
Sporadic work if hired on a “needs basis” – Run a couple of projects concurrently
usually busy at beginning and end of a
project with a lull in the middle. Field not
Need for the best in security
seen as desirable due to very short
contracts
Risk to one‟s safety in certain
environments if known to be a party to
sensitive data
Frustration in being given an unclear
scope.
Out of depth. Is a journalism specialist
qualified to “own” a mining feasibility
report?
Whether one will develop good working
relationships with SMEs
Producing not fit for purpose work
Being too good and having too much work
Communication…
Choose a role concordant with your
knowledge. SMEs still “own” the reports,
writer is more sideways integrated
Communication and persona
Project must ensure skillset is appropriate,
writer should apply for relevant roles
Argument for a dedicated centre/department
20. 4. Opportunities for the Writer
Opportunities
Financial
Expertise
Project
Efficiency
Reputation
4. FOR THE TECHNICAL WRITER (from the project to the technical writer)
Elements
A lot of “last minute opportunities”
Potentially high earnings if sustained over concurrent projects
Learning a lot of new knowledge, new management styles, consolidating and enhancing
one‟s practice
Chance to micro-niche, become a micro-expert
Develop long lasting great synergistic working relationships
Networking and being able to use skills on other projects
Become known and revered as a centre of technical communication excellence
Good reputation = good flow of steady work
21. Emerging Gems
Is a writer always focused on the reader? Despite our axiom “write
for the reader”
How safe is a writer? Especially in view of BP Algeria incident and
others
23. Weighing In
Cost of Dedicated
Technical
Communication
Resource
Inspired by:
http://www.writingassist.com
Cost of Ignoring
Technical
Communication
24. Profit Centre and Value: Evidence Snapshot
Houlihan, D. (2009). Technical Communications as a Profit Center. Boston, Ma., The Aberdeen
Group.
On analysing data from 165 companies, leading US business researchers The Aberdeen Group found
that when leveraged effectively, technical communication stands to contribute as much as a 42%
increase in customer satisfaction and an associated 45% increase in product revenue.
Aberdeen‟s data clearly indicates that Best-in-Class performers have found the means to leverage
technical communications to influence customers‟ experiences with a marked impact on business
profitability, and that whilst all too often regarded as a cost centre, technical communications and
documentation are actually key profit generators.
Redish, J. (2003). Adding Value as a Professional Technical Communicator. Technical
Communication, 50(4), pp. 505-518.
With reference to case studies in the literature, Redish found that there are numerous ways in which
technical communicators “add value” which go over and above numerical measures. Thus, numbers
do not tell the whole story and “process is critical”.
Al Blackwell, C. (1995). A Good Installation Guide Increases User Satisfaction and Reduces
Support Costs. Technical Communication, 42(1), pp. 56-60.
Seminal case study at SABRE Travel Information Network showing that good documentation reduced
support calls by 80% and resulted in 94% customer satisfaction.
25. Conclusions
Identified risks have counterparts as opportunities and vice versa –
there is always this two-way relationship
Identified risks are usually able to be mitigated or outweighed by
potential later benefits
Risks are usually relevant to the scene and thus culturally disposed
(e.g. engineers worried about non-specialists messing up their work)
Writers stand a better chance of their discipline standing as a
discipline if it is a profit centre i.e. develop a body of evidence that
engaging good technical resources enhances the quality of project
work and brings it in on time and on budget
26. Remember the Opportunities…
Written Reports
Strategies
Decision Papers
Guidelines
Plans
Standards
Specifications
Philosophies
Design Basis
Method Statements
Procedures
Scopes of Work
Technical Studies
Assurance and Governance
Business Organisation
Infrastructure
Insurances
Capital Cost Estimating
Investment Opportunities
Commissioning
Communications (ICT)
Construction
Detailed Engineering Design
Geology
Health, Safety and Security
Legal
Manufacturing
Market Analyses
Operations Management /
Mobilisation
Operating Cost Estimating
Permitting
Human Resources
Process Engineering
Product Laboratory Testing
Procurement and Supply Chain
Management
Quality and Integrity
Management
Regional / Local Content
Risk Management
Schedule and Planning
Stakeholder Analyses
Strategy
Sustainable Development /
Environment
Testing and Inspection
28. Key Benefits of Using Technical Writers
Reader focus…
Optimise project efficiency
Drive schedules
Drive profits and add value
29. Reader Focus
Technical writers focus on the reader
at all times
Good writing encourages the reader to
carry on reading
Do engineers understand the
design/product the best?
Specialists may be good within their field
and to their peers, but are they experts at
communicating outside to nonspecialists?
30. Optimise Project
Efficiency
It‟s about more than good writing skills:
•
Problem-definers, problem-solvers
•
Management of the writing process
•
A resource to find other resources
•
Getting the message across clearly
•
Appropriate detachment
31. Drive Schedules
Technical writers like to write and edit,
specialists generally do not
Precise about concepts and terminology
Mitigate tortuous language BEFORE it
reaches the client
Significantly reduce the
backdraft/review cycle
“Let each act according to their
best destiny”
32. Drive Profits, Add Value
Add value to the business in multiple
ways
Enhance all aspects of current
operations
Reduce unnecessary support
Save money in the long run
Be more than an engineering
consultancy
33. References
Al Blackwell, C. (1995). A Good Installation Guide Increases User Satisfaction and Reduces Support Costs Technical Communication, 42(1), 56-60.
Carr, W. and Kemmis, S. (1986). Becoming Critical. London, Falmer.
Covello, V. T. and Allen, F. H. (1988). Seven Cardinal Rules of Risk Communication. Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. OPA87-020.
Davis, R. M. (1975). Technical Writing: Its Importance in the Engineering Profession and Its Place in Engineering Curricula - A Survey of the
Experience and Opinions of Prominent Engineers. Education Resources Information Center, Technical Report No. 75-5.
Del Caño, A. and de la Cruz, M. (2002). Integrated Methodology for Project Risk Management. J. Constr. Eng. Manage., 128(6), 473–485.
ENVSEC, 2002. Transforming Risks into Co-operation: Central Asia Ferghana – Osh – Khudjand Area. Background Paper.
Glaser, B. G. and Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory. New York, Aldine de Gruyter.
Goldman Sachs, 2008. 190 projects to change the world, Global Investment Research, April 25.
Hardisty, P.E. (2009). Environmental and Economic Sustainability, NY, NY, CRC Press.
Hillson, D. (2002). Extending the risk process to manage opportunities International Journal of Project Management 20, 235-240.
Houlihan, D. (2009). Technical Communications as a Profit Center. Boston, MA., The Aberdeen Group.
ISO (2009). ISO 31000:2009 Risk Management: Principles and Guidelines. Geneva, ISO.
Lewin, K. (1952) „Group Decisions and Social Change‟ in G. E. Swanson, T. M. Newcomb and F. E. Hartley (eds.) Readings in Social Psychology, New
York, Holt.
Lincoln, Y. S. and Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. California, SAGE.
Narayanan, M. (2010). Importance of Technical Writing in Engineering Education. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2010.
Redish, J. (1995). Adding Value as a Professional Technical Communicator Technical Communication, 42, (1), pp. 26-39.
Samuels, J. (2013). How out-of-date documentation can cost you your brand and your company. http://www.writingassist.com/resources/articles/out-ofdate-documentation/
WorleyParsons. (2012a). About Economics™. Retrieved 7 May 2013:
http://www.worleyparsons.com/AboutUs/Economics/Pages/AboutEconomics.aspx
WorleyParsons. (2012b). Sustainable Decisions. Retrieved 7 May 2013:
http://www.worleyparsons.com/AboutUs/Economics/Pages/SustainableDecisions.aspx
“Added Value” is sometimes implicit and evidence is present throughout all the slides in this presentation of how a dedicated technical communication centre enhances the business.