The document discusses single camera filmmaking techniques. It notes that a single camera setup allows filming of one scene at a time from one angle, requiring reshoots if additional angles are needed. This can increase continuity errors. Examples given of single camera productions include the TV show The Office. Advantages include lower costs and faster setup times, while disadvantages include greater risk of continuity errors and not having alternative camera angles.

1. Task 2
A single camera technique is technique that uses only one camera in one scene to
create a sense of realism in the film. A single camera is set up for one scene and is
filmed in one position, but if for example you want another angle in that shot to
show a range of shots then the whole scene will have to be reshot which means the
actor have to go back and repeat the lines and actions they do. This can create a
higher risk of continuity errors. These are usually a low budget production as they
can only afford more than camera at one time. Along with the camera you need
people to work it.
An example of a single camera production is
“The office”. The television series was shown
on BBC and followed the life of office workers
with a comical twist on the show. It was
known as a mockumentary which is a mock
documentary. To make it more like a
documentary it was shot as a single camera
production just like any other documentary.
Another way of identifying this type of camera
technique is if it feels more personal and closer into the audience. The series is shot
like an interview with Ricky Gervais's character breaking the fourth wall because of
this there was not much point of shooting it more than one camera at a time.
One advantage of the use of single camera production is that it is more cost effective
as you’ll only need to have one camera and one set off all the other things that go
with it like the people who operate it and the electrician. Another advantage is that
you save a lot of time in the initial setup because there is only one camera this leaves
more time for filming. Another advantage to have a single camera is that during the
post production stage to the editing there is less footage to watch through, this can
also be a downside as you might not have got the real shot. One final positive is that
the having only one camera can test the skill and determination of the crew. The
actors would have to react all the same actions they did in the first shot; the director
would also have to redirect the whole team because of this it will push them to their
full potential.
One disadvantage to a single camera technique is that continuity errors are easier to
make, they are made when there is a jump in an actor's movements from one scene
to the next this can be a hand out of place of an untucked shirt to avoid this there
would commonly be a continuity manager on set to spot these things but some do go
unseen. Another disadvantage to this is that it can increase your time of shooting as
after each cut you would have to stop move the camera and the rest of the

2. equipment which would be easier with a multi camera setup. Another disadvantage
of having a single camera is if you were to damage the film then you would have to
recreate the scene as it would not have been caught on another camera.
The conjuring part 2 (2016)
The conjuring 2 is a horror movie because of the conventions used in the film.
Common mise-en-scene elements, the style of the set, prove this such as
uncomfortable looking sets with sharp objects or cold dark colours in rooms with no
windows or heavy curtains. Along with
these set elements there are ways the
lighting tells you it's a horror film the use
of darkness and dimly lit rooms. The
1970’s the horror movies put a family at
threat with them being targeted by one
main antagonist, in recent years movies
have been bringing back the idea of a
family in peril to appeal to the audience because a family is more relatable than a
group of friends. Another convention of the film that matches to the genre is the
sound used or the lack of sound. Mixing extreme low or high tone sound on string
instruments to create a build up and them have silence right before the climax. This
type of sound is non diegetic sound which would not be heard by the characters in
the movie. Diegetic sounds are also important to the film as the put fear into the
characters when they are in danger such as slow door creek. another convention it
meets is having a scary or creepy antagonist it usually has a face that is distorted
such as pale skin large eyes with pointy teeth. one thing unconventional about this
horror film is no one dies and it has a happy ending as well as having certain happy
elements such as light non diegetic sound which changes the mood and a range of
bright colours. This is used to pull the heart strings of the audience by making them
like and care for the characters so as to add more suspense during scary scenes of
the film. for example when Ed is breaking through the floorboards and the radiator
valve is slowly opening the audience is on the edge of their seats as we can predict
what is going to happen and want to warn Ed but can't.
Mise en Scene - At the start of the film the you know instantly that it meets the
conventions of the horror genre as the opening shot has a sense of a grey overcast
day some time in winter with no leaves on the trees, showing a lack of life. the weak
sunlight could also be seen off camera to the left as if the light is trying to escape the
shot. As well as the natural environment the houses on the other side of the road
have a strange darkness on them. As the shot moves into the house the light

3. becomes a stronger part of the shot only shining in as the window allows it, with the
rest of the room being darker because the light doesn't fill the room but stays in the
same place. The same shot of the house shows it to be a simple design from the 70
to match the time period, by having the design of the house in a 70’s style and having
it set in the 70’s shows them to be wealthy or well off as they are able to keep up
with the decor and fashion of the time. In the hodgson family house the lighting is
different, the outside of the house on the road is just like a normal english road to
not break the verisimilitude and keep the audience believing in it being real because
it they believe it then they buy into it which makes it real adding another level of
fear. having typical english weather helps with the overall look of the shot as it is
different to the american patchy clouds. As the film progresses and we the audience
knows the house and its basic layout you see different things in the rooms that stand
out such as the dark corners of rooms and creepy lighting on a building that is very
old with old furniture in it such as the arm chair and the lams with the large sades on.
As the film progresses the mood changes and the features in each of the scenes
change as well. towards the middle of the film they create a set which have a lot of
dark earthy colours with a lack of light in dark places, but at the climax of the movie
when janet is stuck in the house it is rainy heavily. After the final scene when lorain
expels the demon the sun comes out from behind a clouds which this use of pathetic
fallacy shows them to have been through the evil storm and have come out in the
light of day. The three main antagonist have similar features, they’re slender with a

4. dead look to them. The old man
has a skinny, tired, wrinkled face
to help symbolise he's dead. The
main antagonist was depicted as
a nun which doesn't match what
they are in the real world as we
know nuns to be kind religious
people. finally the crooked man is
scary because he’s tall, disfigured and has a
large mouth with sharp teeth, with this and
the way he walks it matches how you imagine
a scary movie horror villain to look.
Sound
Throughout the film sound plays a big part to adding mood and atmosphere even
whilst watching over the jump scares without sound i did not find them as scary
because there was nothing to build up
to them apart from the visual imagery.
in the beginning when Lorrain is
investigating the Amity house and
walked around it in some kind of astral
state the sound alone brought us into it
as before she entered it there was no
noise in the room apart from the diegetic sound in the room which was the dialogue,
but when she entered no one spoke and a low tone was played to add suspense.
Along with this there was quiet whispers all around and door creeks, to match the
sharp movements of the
murdered family incidental music
piano’s keys were slammed out of
synch to match the same type of
movements. After she reenacts
killing the family the ominous
orchestral music joins in and has
loud sections after every 5
seconds to create pace and tell the audience that this
is only the start.
with each section of diegetic sound there is ways it

5. tells you what is going to happen if there is background noise such as cars people
talking or other ambient noises then you feel safe knowing everything’s normal but
when is just dialogue or no sound what so ever then it puts you on edge because the
silence is deafening, a sudden change from silence to music also adds punch because
it can come unexpectedly. An example of this can be heard during the scene where
peggy the mum walks downstairs slowly were all the light were off there is no sound
not even from her footsteps or from the rocking chair, when in other scenes it can be
clearly heard. silence is also good to use in a horror film as it can come after an
intense moment of one of stress and can allow you to hear your own heartbeat
which in itself can create fear in an audience. When the film finishes a small fact file
is shown of the real events and the real recordings and on top of that there is the
same low continuous tone and the men's choir with its low vocal tones. During the
entire move sound is effectively as each sound or noise matches what happens in the
shot at that time
Camera Work
At the start of each of the
different scenes in the movie an
establishing shot is used to show
the different places and to give
the audience an idea of what the
rest of the scene will be like. It is
used in the beginning at the
amityville house as well as the warren and hodgson homes. we can tell from this shot
the the four children live a normal life down a normal english road. The long shot was
also used to show the children and family in the various different settings. The most
common shots used in the film are mid shots they bring the audience to the eye level
of the conversation and allow you to feel as though you are part of the conversation.
when Ed is playing guitar in the hodgson house they did not film him from a low as to
not give him power over the children but from a mid shot to bring them all to the
same level making them equal. A long shot can be used to give room to a character
or characters which can also leave them to move about. An example of this can be
seen when Lorrain follows the demon into Ed’s office and the shadow of it is
followed around the room by a slow camera pan. a close up on a person or object
can be used to highlight something to the audience, to make sure they notice
something. An example is when the camera moves in close to the crooked man toy
to make sure you notice his picture disappear. During scenes of struggle the camera
is not on a tripod and is being held with a steady cam. the camera was also shaken
about to increase tension in the scene. An example of this is seen in the scene when

6. janet is stuck in the bedroom with the poltergeist. Another camera trick used was
when the camera was raised up to emphasise the crooked man’s height as the
camera rises up and puts billy in high angle shot making him powerless against the
crooked man. Finally a dutch tilt is used in the opening shot to show that when
lorraine entered the spirit world something is wrong.
Editing
A common convention in horror
films is quick cuts to something
scary this is used to catch the
audience off guard and give them
more of a jump.This is seen in this
film in many places with the main
antagonist. A slow change like a
steady pan is used to bring an
audience in gradually so they can
adapt to the change. On the other
hand you could use a quick pan to
match how fast a character could
look round for example the part
where lorraine finds the mirror in
the beginning and the nun
appears from cutting and quickly
panning back and forth. The cuts
can also be used to go back and
forth to jump the audience for
example the part where Ed
Warren and Peggy are in the
basement and Ed is attempting to
fix the flooding problem and
towards the climax of the scene
the shot is looking down at the
water, showing nothing there;
then it changes back to peggy
looking over towards Ed and then
final to the water again with the
old man going to grab her. Match
on action is used throughout the
film an example of this can be

7. seen in the the final scenes of the film when Janet is fully possessed and smashes the
bedroom window open it cuts from behind her to the side of her a combination of
shots in match on action makes it more interesting to watch the movie. Parallel and
cross editing is used throughout the film. The film starts with the Warren family in
America and then cuts to the Hodgsons family, who live in London. The two stories
were edited in parallel enabling the
audience to understand both stories at the
same time, showing the differences and
similarities between them. Superimposition
is used in the film to bring up yellow text to
tell you either what is going on or where
you are in the world. it allows more of an
understanding.
Quarantine (2008)

8. The main genre of Quarantine is horror, and the sub genre is zombie horror. The film
is closed ended single strand movie, as there are no cross cuts Common conventions
of a modern zombie horror film is it will always have more that one zombie chasing
them at one time; also the common zombie will spread its zombie virus by biting or
scratching, which happens in the film. This film doesn't follow all the conventions of
the zombie horror as is make the zombies much more aggressive not killing people to
eat their brains but to kill them for the sake of killing. Another convention that this
film follows is that it has a selection of basic weapons that the people in that
situation would have for example the fireman has a sledgehammer and the
policeman has a handgun. The film matches the genre of horror because just like the
conjuring 2 it has a dark and gloomy
atmosphere with either pitch black or
dimly lit rooms. It also meets the horror
movie conventions as it ends with a
jump scare or someone's death which
can leave an audience feeling unsafe as
the threat was not gotten rid of. The
film is shot in a found footage style
which makes the footage seem real to
the audience making them feel more involved in the story usually a found footage
breaks the fourth wall and this film is no exception as it follows a cameraman and
reporter.
Mies en Scene
In the start of the film there is not many signs of it being in any specific genre as it's
shot just like any other interview. there is not specific imagery as to what could
potentially happen this could be either boring to the viewer or give them some kind
of mystery as to how the film will progress. The lighting used in the fire station is
bright and warming and shows no immediate threat to the viewer. Another feature
in the fire station is that everyone's mood is really chilled out and quite calming, this
puts the audience at ease. the colour blue shows loyalty which is shown by the
firemen later on in the film. As the film goes on the lighting changes and gets much
dimmer when they are in the apartment. Juxtaposed to the setting of the fire
stations pure white walls the apartment building has a dirty off white colour which
could show impurity, relating to the zombie virus. The police officer in the building
has a gun which is significant to his character as the gun shows power and the
policeman only uses it when no one listens to him showing it's the only way he can
get power and he shows a lot of fear when he shoots the old woman zombie. The
opposite to the police officer is the fireman who is respected not because he

9. demands i but because he earns it by talking calmly to people and not telling the to
“do this” or “do that”. the first time the lighting changes dramatically is when they
enter the old woman's flat where there is only one hall light on which has a cold
color emitted from it. When the building gets properly closed off the lights seem to
get much darker. As a way of increasing
tension in the film the actors become
more tense with the progression of the
film and the the big questions of what's
really going on. The character of angela
changes her wardrobe during the film
to show her character development in
the film. She changes from black, to
grey and then finally to white. The black
to represent mystery in the beginning as we the audience don't know about her; the
grey show widom and her intuition to figure out what is really going on as a
reporter;and finally the white to show her purity and that she, unlike everyone else,
is not a zombie. finally to better emphasise
the fear they are feeling there is no light
the screen is black with only the sounds in
the background. This leaves the audience
alone in the dark just like the characters.
By having the torch on the camera you
limit the view of the audience and the
amount of information they can take in.
Throughout the film there is little to no
makeup used on the non zombie characters in the film as to keep in the style of a
found footage film there would be no time in that situation to put makeup one it also
make it look real and gritty.
Sound
in the film there is only one type of sound,
diegetic sound which is the sound only
heard by the characters in the film such as
the dialogue used. The reason that there is
no incidental music or narration is because
the film is shot as a found footage film
which means to keep it as realistic as
possible they would need to have it just
like real world conditions. all the sounds

10. used are sounds you would expect to hear in the real world such as the
asynchronous sounds of the helicopters when trapped in the building and the fire
trucks in the start of the film. As the film is supposed to be a news report of the night
shift at a firestation the fourth wall is broken and angie speaks directly to the viewer
with a clear and professional way of speaking but her and other peoples tone of
voice changes as the movie progresses when tension rises and their lives are at risk.
when silence is used it feels real as the rest of the film has only real sounds used.
Camera Work

11. The film is shot as a found footage film which means that is is shoot like a home
movie which means there is little to no professional camera techniques. The most
common shots used are mid and mid long shots and are used as it brings the
audience's eye level to the same as the characters bringing them into the movie.
There is few high angle used, one example used is in the middle of the film were the
cameraman puts the camera up through a
high window. One example of low angle
shot is when they look down the stairwell
to see all the zombies on the different
levels running up towards them, this could
symbolise the characters looking down at
Hell. There are also close ups used in the
film just like in the conjuring to highlight
something or bring the audience’s
attention to something. At the end of the
film most of it is shot as close up as
possible not to highlight anything but to
make the audience feel claustrophobic and
limit their vision creating a fear of the
unknown. There are two types of scenes in
the film, one when they are properly
recording such as an interview and when
They one were they are just filming for
extra footage. In the interviews, Angie, is
very professional and formal. Quarantine
also creates tension in the film by having
no tripod shots most of it is either
handheld or with a steadicam that is
shaken a lot when they are running up and
down the stairs to better show scrambled
motion of the whole event. As well as the
camera shake there is also a lot of zooming
in and out which creates the same effect.
Editing
There is not much editing used in the the film as it would break the verisimilitude.
Going back to the found footage style there would be no need for editing in it
because it is supposed to be you watching the raw un cut footage from this camera
as the film. With this style there would have been long takes, which pushes the

12. acting skill of the actors,or secret cuts which
match the action perfectly. when the film
does cut it is usually when the camera gets
turned off. This static is used to identify to
the audience the change in scene and to
remind them that it is a found footage style.
There is superimposition used in the film
when the camera man beats up the zombie
with the camera this is, blood is used
because that's what an audience would
expect to see in the real world. This is easier
than practical effects as the camera could
get damaged in the scene.