The document summarizes the network analysis of relationships between legislators and NGOs based on PDAF funding data from 2007-2009. Two networks were analyzed: 1) a legislator network where legislators connected if they funded the same NGO, and 2) an NGO network where NGOs connected if they received funding from the same legislator. Community detection analysis identified groups within each network. The legislator network had 6 communities and the NGO network had 5 communities. Centrality measures identified influential legislators like Enrile and influential NGOs like MAMFI. The network analysis provided a way to visualize complex funding relationships.
Dr. Giovanni Tapang : Short Technical NoteNowPlanetTV
This technical note analyzes networks of legislators and NGOs based on Philippine PDAF allocation data from 2007-2009. Two networks were constructed: 1) a legislator network where nodes are legislators connected if they allocated to a common NGO, and 2) an NGO network where nodes are NGOs connected if they received funds from the same legislator. Community detection analysis identified multiple communities in each network. Centrality measures identified highly connected legislators like Enrile and NGOs like MAMFI. The networks provide a way to visualize relationships and communities in the PDAF allocation data.
KBA CLE Attract and Retain Top Attorney TalentAmy Morgan
This document discusses strategies for law firms to attract and retain top attorney talent, especially women. It notes that while law school graduates are now evenly split between men and women, women remain underrepresented at the partnership level. Common reasons for women leaving law firms include difficulties balancing work and family responsibilities given the billable hours model and lack of flexibility. The document also cites lack of mentoring, fewer opportunities for business development, and bias in work assignments and perceptions of commitment as contributing factors. It stresses the importance of effective flexibility policies, mentorship programs, and diversity initiatives to support women's advancement and reduce attrition rates.
This document contains slides from a chapter on Congress that covers several topics:
- The different models of representation used by legislators and how they represent constituents.
- The key constitutional provisions that establish Congress and shape how it functions, including qualifications for members of the House and Senate.
- The importance of committees in organizing the legislative process and dividing up the work of Congress.
- How political parties and leaders help manage the legislative process while also advancing their own agendas, such as by setting priorities and providing voting cues for members.
The EigenRumor algorithm calculates contribution scores for participants and information objects in online communities. It considers information provision and evaluation as links between participants and objects. The algorithm calculates three mutually reinforcing scores: authority score for participants' information provision ability, hub score for their evaluation ability, and reputation score for objects. The reputation score of an object is influenced by the authority score of its provider and hub scores of evaluators. In turn, authority and hub scores are influenced by the reputation scores of objects participants provide or evaluate. Calculating the scores through this mutually reinforcing process allows the algorithm to identify high contributors.
Networks & Health
This document provides an introduction and overview of social network analysis and its relevance to health research. It discusses key concepts such as what networks are, different types of network data including one-mode and two-mode data, and different levels of analysis including ego networks, partial networks, and complete networks. The document also discusses why networks matter for health through connectionist mechanisms like diffusion and positional mechanisms like social roles. Overall, the document serves as a high-level introduction to social network concepts and their application to health research.
The Role of Mass Media in the World of Politics - PHDessay.com. Short essay on importance of mass media. 004 Argumentative Essay On Mass Media Topics For Criminal Ju Justice .... 20 Sensational Topics for Your Mass Media Essay – Kibin Blog. Mass Media | Lots of English Texts with Audio. Effects of Mass Media Essay Example | Topics and W
Mass Media Essay. ️ Conclusion of mass media in education. Essay on Mass Medi...Brittany Simmons
The Role of Mass Media in the World of Politics - PHDessay.com. Short essay on importance of mass media. 004 Argumentative Essay On Mass Media Topics For Criminal Ju Justice .... 20 Sensational Topics for Your Mass Media Essay – Kibin Blog. Mass Media | Lots of English Texts with Audio. Effects of Mass Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... Media Essay | News | Mass Media.
Dr. Giovanni Tapang : Short Technical NoteNowPlanetTV
This technical note analyzes networks of legislators and NGOs based on Philippine PDAF allocation data from 2007-2009. Two networks were constructed: 1) a legislator network where nodes are legislators connected if they allocated to a common NGO, and 2) an NGO network where nodes are NGOs connected if they received funds from the same legislator. Community detection analysis identified multiple communities in each network. Centrality measures identified highly connected legislators like Enrile and NGOs like MAMFI. The networks provide a way to visualize relationships and communities in the PDAF allocation data.
KBA CLE Attract and Retain Top Attorney TalentAmy Morgan
This document discusses strategies for law firms to attract and retain top attorney talent, especially women. It notes that while law school graduates are now evenly split between men and women, women remain underrepresented at the partnership level. Common reasons for women leaving law firms include difficulties balancing work and family responsibilities given the billable hours model and lack of flexibility. The document also cites lack of mentoring, fewer opportunities for business development, and bias in work assignments and perceptions of commitment as contributing factors. It stresses the importance of effective flexibility policies, mentorship programs, and diversity initiatives to support women's advancement and reduce attrition rates.
This document contains slides from a chapter on Congress that covers several topics:
- The different models of representation used by legislators and how they represent constituents.
- The key constitutional provisions that establish Congress and shape how it functions, including qualifications for members of the House and Senate.
- The importance of committees in organizing the legislative process and dividing up the work of Congress.
- How political parties and leaders help manage the legislative process while also advancing their own agendas, such as by setting priorities and providing voting cues for members.
The EigenRumor algorithm calculates contribution scores for participants and information objects in online communities. It considers information provision and evaluation as links between participants and objects. The algorithm calculates three mutually reinforcing scores: authority score for participants' information provision ability, hub score for their evaluation ability, and reputation score for objects. The reputation score of an object is influenced by the authority score of its provider and hub scores of evaluators. In turn, authority and hub scores are influenced by the reputation scores of objects participants provide or evaluate. Calculating the scores through this mutually reinforcing process allows the algorithm to identify high contributors.
Networks & Health
This document provides an introduction and overview of social network analysis and its relevance to health research. It discusses key concepts such as what networks are, different types of network data including one-mode and two-mode data, and different levels of analysis including ego networks, partial networks, and complete networks. The document also discusses why networks matter for health through connectionist mechanisms like diffusion and positional mechanisms like social roles. Overall, the document serves as a high-level introduction to social network concepts and their application to health research.
The Role of Mass Media in the World of Politics - PHDessay.com. Short essay on importance of mass media. 004 Argumentative Essay On Mass Media Topics For Criminal Ju Justice .... 20 Sensational Topics for Your Mass Media Essay – Kibin Blog. Mass Media | Lots of English Texts with Audio. Effects of Mass Media Essay Example | Topics and W
Mass Media Essay. ️ Conclusion of mass media in education. Essay on Mass Medi...Brittany Simmons
The Role of Mass Media in the World of Politics - PHDessay.com. Short essay on importance of mass media. 004 Argumentative Essay On Mass Media Topics For Criminal Ju Justice .... 20 Sensational Topics for Your Mass Media Essay – Kibin Blog. Mass Media | Lots of English Texts with Audio. Effects of Mass Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... Media Essay | News | Mass Media.
This document summarizes a study that uses an artificial complex network model to analyze how social welfare systems impact cooperative behavior. The model represents individuals as nodes in a network and studies how tax rates, minimum income guarantees, and betrayal impact cooperation over time. Simulation results found that dynamically adjusting these welfare policies allowed the network to more quickly reach equilibrium and reduced fluctuations in betrayal rates, suggesting welfare systems can stabilize social cooperation.
The Effect of Social Welfare System Based on the Complex Networkcsandit
With the passage of time, the development of communication technology and transportation
broke the isolation among people. Relationship tends to be complicated, pluralism, dynamism.
In the network where interpersonal relationship and evolved complex net based on game theory
work serve respectively as foundation architecture and theoretical model, with the combination
of game theory and regard public welfare as influencing factor, we artificially initialize that
closed network system. Through continual loop operation of the program ,we summarize the
changing rule of the cooperative behavior in the interpersonal relationship, so that we can
analyze the policies about welfare system about whole network and the relationship of
frequency of betrayal in cooperative behavior. Most analytical data come from some simple
investigations and some estimates based on internet and environment and the study put
emphasis on simulating social network and analyze influence of social welfare system on
Cooperative Behavior .
This document provides an overview of the "FAN Approach", which stands for "Free Actors in Networks". It emerged from a Dutch experiment involving networks of farmers working on sustainability initiatives. The key ideas are:
1. Networks cannot be managed like projects due to their voluntary nature and lack of hierarchy. They require a different "network approach" focused on motivating people rather than controlling tasks.
2. This approach centers around "Free Actors" who recognize destructive patterns in a network and work to restore connections. Their role is crucial for a network's health.
3. Tools of the FAN approach like the "Spiral of Initiatives" and "Network Analysis" help network members reflect on relationships,
John HendersonTywon PettyAndrew shearer2.6.2020GSL 630.docxvrickens
John Henderson
Tywon Petty
Andrew shearer
2.6.2020
GSL 630 strategic project management
Project Charter
team 3
1
AGENDA
Develop Project Charter - Chicago
2
Inputs: Business Documents
Business Case
Increasing levels of gun violence over last 5 years.
High economic cost
High human cost
Community distrust of police due to over policing.
Disproportionalities in stops, searches, arrests.
Lack of collaboration with community in reduction strategies
Perceptions of police bias
3
Inputs: Business Documents
Business Case (continued)
Portland Police Bureau Gang Enforcement
Since 2013 shootings have gone
Since 2013 group related nexus
4
Inputs: AGREEMENTS
Collaboration with academics on ways to review existing data to identity those most at risk for violence
Prevention through collaboration with service providers to connect with those at risk.
Collaboration with community for transparency, understanding, and support
5
Inputs: Enterprise Environmental Factors
External Factors
Internal Factors
Gun violence areas receive a harsher hand when carrying out justice
Governments lean towards more prisons /incarceration and less rehabilitation
Gun violence areas are sometimes low-income, hi-drug reported, hi-crime rate, and over-extended social and emergency services.
Historical distrust of police and government/ vise-versa
Gun-violence areas have social & health infrastructure that is extended and under resourced
Communication channels are lack-luster because of poor coms between families, police, and courts
6
Inputs: Organizational Process Assets
Specialized investigative Police team focused on gun violence response.
Biweekly shooting reviews of every incident where all criminal justice stakeholders are at the table
A collaboration among the LE partners to ensure that the most violent offenders are the focus to prevent the NEXT shooting, not just solve the last shooting.
Historical, Pattern, and Trend analysis
7
Tools and Techniques – Expert Judgement
Subject matter experts to include:
National Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (NICJR)
California Partnership for Safer Communities (CPSC)
L.E. executives (Oakland, Stockton, Chicago, Boston)
Outreach organizations from listed cities (Unite Oakland, READI Chicago, etc.)
Academics
The first category of Tools and techniques is Expert judgment. In the context of a gun violence reduction strategy seeking out those in the industry with lived experiences in developing similar strategies in other communities should be consulted with. In our case, seeking the expert judgement of organizations such as the California Partnership for Safer Communities (CPSC) and the National Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (NICJR) would be critical. They have been instrumental in developing and implementing similar programs in other cities so their technical knowledge is invaluable. Entering into partnership with them as consul ...
What we see may not always be the reality and what we
presume as real may not be our observation always. In a democratic
set-up, this has often emerged as a reality. Democracies had always been subjected to criticism but it is astonishing to note how the
interplay of corrupt vision and changing social attitudes playing a
havoc in our democratic systems. This paper broadly investigates
the voting behavior and attitudes in response to sophisticated
tempting actions by political parties to pull voters. This research
demonstrates that higher the level of temptation combined with
many socio-economic perils leads to higher biasness towards
them. Participatory research, interviews, journals, publications,
and observation and media reporting have been studied, analyzed,
and scrutinized to discover how different poor and illiterate people
vote. Findings and results attribute a greater role of education,
financial liberty, backwardness, and awareness to political reality
in determining voting behavior.
9 A Preliminary Theory of Interorganizational Network Effectivenes.docxransayo
9 A Preliminary Theory of Interorganizational Network Effectiveness: A Comparative Study of Four Community Mental Health Systems Keith G. Provan H. Brinton Milward This chapter presents the results of a comparative study of interorganizational networks, or systems, of mental health delivery in four U.S. cities, leading to a preliminary theory of network effectiveness. Extensive data were collected from surveys, interviews, documents, and observations. Network effectiveness was assessed by collecting and aggregating data on outcomes from samples of clients, their families, and their case managers at each site. Results of analyses of both quantitative and qualitative data collected at the individual, organizational, and network levels of analysis showed that network effectiveness could be explained by various structural and contextual factors, specifically, network integration, external control, system stability, and environmental resource munificence. Based on the findings, we develop testable propositions to guide theory development and future research on network effectiveness. The study of relations between organizations has been a major concern of organization theorists for at least the past 25 years. While most of the work in this area has focused on the determinants or predictors of interorganizational relations (see Oliver, 1990, for a review), as an understanding of the phenomenon has grown, the unit of analysis has gradually shifted from the dyad to the organization set, to the network. Especially in recent years, the study of organizational networks has proliferated. Much of this interest has been generated by an emerging recognition by academics that businesses, as well as organizations in the not-for-profit and public sectors, are increasingly turning to various forms of cooperative alliances as a way of enhancing competitiveness and effectiveness that would not be possible through the traditional governance mechanisms of market or hierarchy (Powell, 1990). While a good deal of what has been written about networks has been atheoretical, discussing the advantages of networks or examining issues of measurement and analysis, considerable theory-based research has also emerged (e.g., Cook, 1977; Burt, 1980; Granovetter, 1985; Jarillo, 1988; Williamson, 1991; Cook and Whitmeyer, 1992; Larson, 1992; Provan, 1993). In the organization theory literature, work on networks has been guided primarily by two theoretical perspectives: resource dependence, and related exchange perspectives, and transaction cost economics, with most recent work focusing on the latter approach. Each of these perspectives offers both complementary and contrasting views about the network form. For the most part, however, each perspective focuses essentially on the organizational antecedents and outcomes of network involvement, with little attention paid to the network as a whole, except for its governance and structure. This organizational view is understandable, sinc.
This document summarizes a study conducted by the Democracy for Development Institute on the role of membership associations in shaping decision-making and serving the public interest in Kosovo. The study used desk research, interviews with stakeholders from various associations, a public opinion survey, and focus groups. The study found that most associations in Kosovo do not have a real membership base and engage little in volunteer work or influencing public policy. It concluded that membership associations have the potential to better represent citizens' interests to politicians and reconcile public and political priorities, but that the culture of civic engagement and activism remains weak in Kosovo. Recommendations were made for authorities, donors, and associations to strengthen associations' roles and influence.
Networks provide connections and positions that influence health outcomes. Social network analysis examines relationships between actors to understand how networks impact behavior. Networks matter through both connectionist mechanisms like diffusion, and positional mechanisms like social roles. Network data can be analyzed at different levels from individual ego networks to global networks, and can involve one or multiple types of relationships between nodes. Social network data is commonly represented through matrices and lists to encode network structure and allow computational analysis.
003 Essay Example Comparison And ContrastNancy Ideker
The document discusses how technology has impacted students in recent years. Large amounts of taxpayer money have been spent by federal and local governments to purchase computers and digital tools for K-12 education, with the goal of preparing students for computer use. However, these tools are not being used effectively and are showing only minor benefits relative to the large economic investment. The impacts of technology on students and the perspectives of teachers and administrators on technology integration need to be better understood to improve computer science curriculum development in K-12 education.
Application Democratic Governance and Policy NetworksPolicy n.docxmammiesfa
Application: Democratic Governance and Policy Networks
Policy networks are a prevalent feature of democratic governance. The policy network approach requires collaboration among interested parties in order to make progress in forming public policy. The various actors in a policy network organize, form coalitions, communicate, coordinate, and compete around policy issues of interest to them. Policy networks are organic entities that may change over time. Depending on the policy issue, today’s allies in a policy network may be tomorrow’s enemies. For example, conservative and libertarian groups may work together to defeat a new tax proposal but may quickly part ways over the legalization of medical marijuana. The operation of policy networks is shaped by the political, social, and economic climate in which they operate.
To prepare for this Assignment:
Review the articles “Analyzing and Managing Policy Processes in Complex Networks: A Theoretical Examination of the Concept Policy Network and Its Problems” in this week’s Learning Resources. Consider the definitions of policy network presented and the evolving structures and processes associated with the term
policy network
.
Recall the issue you selected for this week’s Discussion and think about which actors and organizations might be part of the policy network related to the issue.
.
This is what I wrote about this week
How should policy makers balance competing interests?
Policy makers have tried to balance competing interest since the beginning of time and have been successful had it until now. Thanks to social media people all over the country are able to express their views on any and everything that is going right and wrong in this country. Policy makers are now forced to listen to the people and can no longer turn a blind eye to what’s going on in the United States. The Obama administration saw the impact of social media and used this platform to reach people who had never voted for and young people who never paid that much attention to politics. According to Harvey (2014), “Social media has become as much a part of American politics as county fairs, according to Harvey.”
Philips, A., (2014).
Social media has had an impact on politics.
Retrieved from
http://lasvegassun.com/news/2014/aug/24/social-media-has-had-impact-politics/
.
The Assignment (2
Briefly describe the issue you selected.
Describe the actors and organizations in the policy network related to your chosen issue.
Explain how democratic governance influences the operation of policy networks, specifically the one(s) related to your issue. Next, explain how policy networks influence democratic governance.
Based on your analysis, draw conclusions and share insights about the relationship between democratic governance and policy networks.
Support your Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are asked to provide a reference list only for those resources
.
This document proposes creating a mandatory government mobile application and portal to increase transparency in Indian politics. It would provide consolidated information on all candidates and elected Members of Parliament, including criminal records, assets, education level, attendance records, and spending of public funds. The application would allow citizens to track politicians' statements and votes, and give feedback. It estimates the costs at 7.81 crore per year to develop, maintain and promote the platform nationally. The goal is to empower voters to make more informed choices by making political data now scattered in disparate sources more accessible and transparent.
The document summarizes the results of a survey conducted by CTLCV of its constituents in February 2010. It found that respondents valued the Annual Summit, Scorecard, and Briefing Book most. Most thought CTLCV did an excellent or good job on key products and services. However, candidate endorsements received the most poor evaluations. The majority said CTLCV's work helped them make more informed voting and issue decisions. Over 75% thought CTLCV was meeting its mission statements well. Open responses provided suggestions on how CTLCV could improve outreach and analysis.
Passmore, D. L., & Baker, R. M. (2016). Social networks of performance. Session presented at The Performance Improvement Conference of the International Society for Performance Improvement, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
This document outlines a presentation on public policy. It discusses three types of policy, three arenas where policy is made, and three types of policymakers. It describes the policy process and five ways that elected bodies make policy, including lawmaking, budgeting, rulemaking, oversight, and sunset reviews. It emphasizes that citizens and groups can influence policy by understanding the process and participating through contacting elected officials, organizing, protests, and other civic engagement activities.
Running head NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH1NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH 1
NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH 2
Neighborhood Watch
Robert Rodriguez
AIU
21 Jan 17
When accessing the various issues that are going on in society, the public has been able to deal with various factors but one crime it’s still high and getting rid of it is proving to be a hard task. The policy that will be ideal for the society will be a policy that sensitize the society is the fact that burglary has been occurring every now and then and this is a worrying factor for it is gateway for more serious cries.in the recent past, the public has been suffering with a high number of burglaries which has been occurring when homeowners are not in town or when they are arriving late from work.
Burglaries have been estimated to occur during the early hours of the night and also during the late night. This is because s is normal for people to come home from travel late at night or during the early hours of the night and the neighbors will not be interested on checking what is going on. The policy wants the public to look for each other’s property and help the police to arrest the culprits and stop the crimes altogether. (Walker, 2011)
The policy is informed by the social control theory which works at ensuring that various institutions are resent to help the society to deter crime. Institutions include social places where people can work, religious centers and education centers which will help the people to be educated and also to be busy. Through the people society being busy they will have something to do and hence concentrate on the things that will better their lives. Asking people to be their neighbors who will also be helped by the fact that the social institutions that will be in society will help the public to know each other and form a relationship with each other (Walker, 2011). This will make it easier for the public to identify strangers in the neighborhood.
Anticipated benefits
The benefits that are expected from the policy will include an increase in social connections it where the society will engage with each the on more issues and develop better social policies that will not only increase safety in the society but more regulations that will help n improving the society conditions and value (Walker, 2011). Society gatherings help in formulating plans that will not only answer various questions but also in helping with arrangement and development of structural projects in the society helping with society planning’s.
There is also expected a reduction in idling as people are going to be engaged with other activities and through the provision of various social amenities. The social amenities will also rate employment for the people in society which will lead to a better standard of living in the community.
Benefits
Increased security and reduced crime as by reducing the crime rate and making people more away of what is going on their society will be one of the main benefits.by creating awareness; ...
The document provides information about the precinct caucus process in Utah for selecting delegates to county and state political conventions. It explains that the caucus system begins the candidate selection process at the local level and empowers individual voters to have a voice in choosing candidates. The document offers tips for effective participation in the caucus process, including getting support from neighbors, contacting political leaders in advance, and being prepared to explain your candidacy for delegate. It provides details about precinct caucus locations and times, eligibility requirements for delegates, and the roles of county and state delegates in the election process.
Accountability Initiative is holding a bar-camp on June 5-6. This bar camp would focus on accountability issues in India. This presentation is being made to facilitate ideas on what can be done in India.
Criteria and procedures for selection of civil society organizations in cross...МЦМС | MCIC
This analysis will focus
on the aspect of selection - what criteria and procedures are being used in Europe
in order to identify the current practices and recommend model(s) for consideration
among the Macedonian Government and CSOs.
The document discusses the delivery of public services in the UK and citizens' right to complain when services are inadequate. It notes that while citizens often complain to improve services for all, complaints are sometimes not fully addressed by providers. In such cases, individuals can refer the matter to the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO) for investigation. The paper aims to discuss a single reform of the PHSO that could enhance the complaint handling process for public services.
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
This document summarizes a study that uses an artificial complex network model to analyze how social welfare systems impact cooperative behavior. The model represents individuals as nodes in a network and studies how tax rates, minimum income guarantees, and betrayal impact cooperation over time. Simulation results found that dynamically adjusting these welfare policies allowed the network to more quickly reach equilibrium and reduced fluctuations in betrayal rates, suggesting welfare systems can stabilize social cooperation.
The Effect of Social Welfare System Based on the Complex Networkcsandit
With the passage of time, the development of communication technology and transportation
broke the isolation among people. Relationship tends to be complicated, pluralism, dynamism.
In the network where interpersonal relationship and evolved complex net based on game theory
work serve respectively as foundation architecture and theoretical model, with the combination
of game theory and regard public welfare as influencing factor, we artificially initialize that
closed network system. Through continual loop operation of the program ,we summarize the
changing rule of the cooperative behavior in the interpersonal relationship, so that we can
analyze the policies about welfare system about whole network and the relationship of
frequency of betrayal in cooperative behavior. Most analytical data come from some simple
investigations and some estimates based on internet and environment and the study put
emphasis on simulating social network and analyze influence of social welfare system on
Cooperative Behavior .
This document provides an overview of the "FAN Approach", which stands for "Free Actors in Networks". It emerged from a Dutch experiment involving networks of farmers working on sustainability initiatives. The key ideas are:
1. Networks cannot be managed like projects due to their voluntary nature and lack of hierarchy. They require a different "network approach" focused on motivating people rather than controlling tasks.
2. This approach centers around "Free Actors" who recognize destructive patterns in a network and work to restore connections. Their role is crucial for a network's health.
3. Tools of the FAN approach like the "Spiral of Initiatives" and "Network Analysis" help network members reflect on relationships,
John HendersonTywon PettyAndrew shearer2.6.2020GSL 630.docxvrickens
John Henderson
Tywon Petty
Andrew shearer
2.6.2020
GSL 630 strategic project management
Project Charter
team 3
1
AGENDA
Develop Project Charter - Chicago
2
Inputs: Business Documents
Business Case
Increasing levels of gun violence over last 5 years.
High economic cost
High human cost
Community distrust of police due to over policing.
Disproportionalities in stops, searches, arrests.
Lack of collaboration with community in reduction strategies
Perceptions of police bias
3
Inputs: Business Documents
Business Case (continued)
Portland Police Bureau Gang Enforcement
Since 2013 shootings have gone
Since 2013 group related nexus
4
Inputs: AGREEMENTS
Collaboration with academics on ways to review existing data to identity those most at risk for violence
Prevention through collaboration with service providers to connect with those at risk.
Collaboration with community for transparency, understanding, and support
5
Inputs: Enterprise Environmental Factors
External Factors
Internal Factors
Gun violence areas receive a harsher hand when carrying out justice
Governments lean towards more prisons /incarceration and less rehabilitation
Gun violence areas are sometimes low-income, hi-drug reported, hi-crime rate, and over-extended social and emergency services.
Historical distrust of police and government/ vise-versa
Gun-violence areas have social & health infrastructure that is extended and under resourced
Communication channels are lack-luster because of poor coms between families, police, and courts
6
Inputs: Organizational Process Assets
Specialized investigative Police team focused on gun violence response.
Biweekly shooting reviews of every incident where all criminal justice stakeholders are at the table
A collaboration among the LE partners to ensure that the most violent offenders are the focus to prevent the NEXT shooting, not just solve the last shooting.
Historical, Pattern, and Trend analysis
7
Tools and Techniques – Expert Judgement
Subject matter experts to include:
National Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (NICJR)
California Partnership for Safer Communities (CPSC)
L.E. executives (Oakland, Stockton, Chicago, Boston)
Outreach organizations from listed cities (Unite Oakland, READI Chicago, etc.)
Academics
The first category of Tools and techniques is Expert judgment. In the context of a gun violence reduction strategy seeking out those in the industry with lived experiences in developing similar strategies in other communities should be consulted with. In our case, seeking the expert judgement of organizations such as the California Partnership for Safer Communities (CPSC) and the National Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (NICJR) would be critical. They have been instrumental in developing and implementing similar programs in other cities so their technical knowledge is invaluable. Entering into partnership with them as consul ...
What we see may not always be the reality and what we
presume as real may not be our observation always. In a democratic
set-up, this has often emerged as a reality. Democracies had always been subjected to criticism but it is astonishing to note how the
interplay of corrupt vision and changing social attitudes playing a
havoc in our democratic systems. This paper broadly investigates
the voting behavior and attitudes in response to sophisticated
tempting actions by political parties to pull voters. This research
demonstrates that higher the level of temptation combined with
many socio-economic perils leads to higher biasness towards
them. Participatory research, interviews, journals, publications,
and observation and media reporting have been studied, analyzed,
and scrutinized to discover how different poor and illiterate people
vote. Findings and results attribute a greater role of education,
financial liberty, backwardness, and awareness to political reality
in determining voting behavior.
9 A Preliminary Theory of Interorganizational Network Effectivenes.docxransayo
9 A Preliminary Theory of Interorganizational Network Effectiveness: A Comparative Study of Four Community Mental Health Systems Keith G. Provan H. Brinton Milward This chapter presents the results of a comparative study of interorganizational networks, or systems, of mental health delivery in four U.S. cities, leading to a preliminary theory of network effectiveness. Extensive data were collected from surveys, interviews, documents, and observations. Network effectiveness was assessed by collecting and aggregating data on outcomes from samples of clients, their families, and their case managers at each site. Results of analyses of both quantitative and qualitative data collected at the individual, organizational, and network levels of analysis showed that network effectiveness could be explained by various structural and contextual factors, specifically, network integration, external control, system stability, and environmental resource munificence. Based on the findings, we develop testable propositions to guide theory development and future research on network effectiveness. The study of relations between organizations has been a major concern of organization theorists for at least the past 25 years. While most of the work in this area has focused on the determinants or predictors of interorganizational relations (see Oliver, 1990, for a review), as an understanding of the phenomenon has grown, the unit of analysis has gradually shifted from the dyad to the organization set, to the network. Especially in recent years, the study of organizational networks has proliferated. Much of this interest has been generated by an emerging recognition by academics that businesses, as well as organizations in the not-for-profit and public sectors, are increasingly turning to various forms of cooperative alliances as a way of enhancing competitiveness and effectiveness that would not be possible through the traditional governance mechanisms of market or hierarchy (Powell, 1990). While a good deal of what has been written about networks has been atheoretical, discussing the advantages of networks or examining issues of measurement and analysis, considerable theory-based research has also emerged (e.g., Cook, 1977; Burt, 1980; Granovetter, 1985; Jarillo, 1988; Williamson, 1991; Cook and Whitmeyer, 1992; Larson, 1992; Provan, 1993). In the organization theory literature, work on networks has been guided primarily by two theoretical perspectives: resource dependence, and related exchange perspectives, and transaction cost economics, with most recent work focusing on the latter approach. Each of these perspectives offers both complementary and contrasting views about the network form. For the most part, however, each perspective focuses essentially on the organizational antecedents and outcomes of network involvement, with little attention paid to the network as a whole, except for its governance and structure. This organizational view is understandable, sinc.
This document summarizes a study conducted by the Democracy for Development Institute on the role of membership associations in shaping decision-making and serving the public interest in Kosovo. The study used desk research, interviews with stakeholders from various associations, a public opinion survey, and focus groups. The study found that most associations in Kosovo do not have a real membership base and engage little in volunteer work or influencing public policy. It concluded that membership associations have the potential to better represent citizens' interests to politicians and reconcile public and political priorities, but that the culture of civic engagement and activism remains weak in Kosovo. Recommendations were made for authorities, donors, and associations to strengthen associations' roles and influence.
Networks provide connections and positions that influence health outcomes. Social network analysis examines relationships between actors to understand how networks impact behavior. Networks matter through both connectionist mechanisms like diffusion, and positional mechanisms like social roles. Network data can be analyzed at different levels from individual ego networks to global networks, and can involve one or multiple types of relationships between nodes. Social network data is commonly represented through matrices and lists to encode network structure and allow computational analysis.
003 Essay Example Comparison And ContrastNancy Ideker
The document discusses how technology has impacted students in recent years. Large amounts of taxpayer money have been spent by federal and local governments to purchase computers and digital tools for K-12 education, with the goal of preparing students for computer use. However, these tools are not being used effectively and are showing only minor benefits relative to the large economic investment. The impacts of technology on students and the perspectives of teachers and administrators on technology integration need to be better understood to improve computer science curriculum development in K-12 education.
Application Democratic Governance and Policy NetworksPolicy n.docxmammiesfa
Application: Democratic Governance and Policy Networks
Policy networks are a prevalent feature of democratic governance. The policy network approach requires collaboration among interested parties in order to make progress in forming public policy. The various actors in a policy network organize, form coalitions, communicate, coordinate, and compete around policy issues of interest to them. Policy networks are organic entities that may change over time. Depending on the policy issue, today’s allies in a policy network may be tomorrow’s enemies. For example, conservative and libertarian groups may work together to defeat a new tax proposal but may quickly part ways over the legalization of medical marijuana. The operation of policy networks is shaped by the political, social, and economic climate in which they operate.
To prepare for this Assignment:
Review the articles “Analyzing and Managing Policy Processes in Complex Networks: A Theoretical Examination of the Concept Policy Network and Its Problems” in this week’s Learning Resources. Consider the definitions of policy network presented and the evolving structures and processes associated with the term
policy network
.
Recall the issue you selected for this week’s Discussion and think about which actors and organizations might be part of the policy network related to the issue.
.
This is what I wrote about this week
How should policy makers balance competing interests?
Policy makers have tried to balance competing interest since the beginning of time and have been successful had it until now. Thanks to social media people all over the country are able to express their views on any and everything that is going right and wrong in this country. Policy makers are now forced to listen to the people and can no longer turn a blind eye to what’s going on in the United States. The Obama administration saw the impact of social media and used this platform to reach people who had never voted for and young people who never paid that much attention to politics. According to Harvey (2014), “Social media has become as much a part of American politics as county fairs, according to Harvey.”
Philips, A., (2014).
Social media has had an impact on politics.
Retrieved from
http://lasvegassun.com/news/2014/aug/24/social-media-has-had-impact-politics/
.
The Assignment (2
Briefly describe the issue you selected.
Describe the actors and organizations in the policy network related to your chosen issue.
Explain how democratic governance influences the operation of policy networks, specifically the one(s) related to your issue. Next, explain how policy networks influence democratic governance.
Based on your analysis, draw conclusions and share insights about the relationship between democratic governance and policy networks.
Support your Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are asked to provide a reference list only for those resources
.
This document proposes creating a mandatory government mobile application and portal to increase transparency in Indian politics. It would provide consolidated information on all candidates and elected Members of Parliament, including criminal records, assets, education level, attendance records, and spending of public funds. The application would allow citizens to track politicians' statements and votes, and give feedback. It estimates the costs at 7.81 crore per year to develop, maintain and promote the platform nationally. The goal is to empower voters to make more informed choices by making political data now scattered in disparate sources more accessible and transparent.
The document summarizes the results of a survey conducted by CTLCV of its constituents in February 2010. It found that respondents valued the Annual Summit, Scorecard, and Briefing Book most. Most thought CTLCV did an excellent or good job on key products and services. However, candidate endorsements received the most poor evaluations. The majority said CTLCV's work helped them make more informed voting and issue decisions. Over 75% thought CTLCV was meeting its mission statements well. Open responses provided suggestions on how CTLCV could improve outreach and analysis.
Passmore, D. L., & Baker, R. M. (2016). Social networks of performance. Session presented at The Performance Improvement Conference of the International Society for Performance Improvement, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
This document outlines a presentation on public policy. It discusses three types of policy, three arenas where policy is made, and three types of policymakers. It describes the policy process and five ways that elected bodies make policy, including lawmaking, budgeting, rulemaking, oversight, and sunset reviews. It emphasizes that citizens and groups can influence policy by understanding the process and participating through contacting elected officials, organizing, protests, and other civic engagement activities.
Running head NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH1NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH 1
NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH 2
Neighborhood Watch
Robert Rodriguez
AIU
21 Jan 17
When accessing the various issues that are going on in society, the public has been able to deal with various factors but one crime it’s still high and getting rid of it is proving to be a hard task. The policy that will be ideal for the society will be a policy that sensitize the society is the fact that burglary has been occurring every now and then and this is a worrying factor for it is gateway for more serious cries.in the recent past, the public has been suffering with a high number of burglaries which has been occurring when homeowners are not in town or when they are arriving late from work.
Burglaries have been estimated to occur during the early hours of the night and also during the late night. This is because s is normal for people to come home from travel late at night or during the early hours of the night and the neighbors will not be interested on checking what is going on. The policy wants the public to look for each other’s property and help the police to arrest the culprits and stop the crimes altogether. (Walker, 2011)
The policy is informed by the social control theory which works at ensuring that various institutions are resent to help the society to deter crime. Institutions include social places where people can work, religious centers and education centers which will help the people to be educated and also to be busy. Through the people society being busy they will have something to do and hence concentrate on the things that will better their lives. Asking people to be their neighbors who will also be helped by the fact that the social institutions that will be in society will help the public to know each other and form a relationship with each other (Walker, 2011). This will make it easier for the public to identify strangers in the neighborhood.
Anticipated benefits
The benefits that are expected from the policy will include an increase in social connections it where the society will engage with each the on more issues and develop better social policies that will not only increase safety in the society but more regulations that will help n improving the society conditions and value (Walker, 2011). Society gatherings help in formulating plans that will not only answer various questions but also in helping with arrangement and development of structural projects in the society helping with society planning’s.
There is also expected a reduction in idling as people are going to be engaged with other activities and through the provision of various social amenities. The social amenities will also rate employment for the people in society which will lead to a better standard of living in the community.
Benefits
Increased security and reduced crime as by reducing the crime rate and making people more away of what is going on their society will be one of the main benefits.by creating awareness; ...
The document provides information about the precinct caucus process in Utah for selecting delegates to county and state political conventions. It explains that the caucus system begins the candidate selection process at the local level and empowers individual voters to have a voice in choosing candidates. The document offers tips for effective participation in the caucus process, including getting support from neighbors, contacting political leaders in advance, and being prepared to explain your candidacy for delegate. It provides details about precinct caucus locations and times, eligibility requirements for delegates, and the roles of county and state delegates in the election process.
Accountability Initiative is holding a bar-camp on June 5-6. This bar camp would focus on accountability issues in India. This presentation is being made to facilitate ideas on what can be done in India.
Criteria and procedures for selection of civil society organizations in cross...МЦМС | MCIC
This analysis will focus
on the aspect of selection - what criteria and procedures are being used in Europe
in order to identify the current practices and recommend model(s) for consideration
among the Macedonian Government and CSOs.
The document discusses the delivery of public services in the UK and citizens' right to complain when services are inadequate. It notes that while citizens often complain to improve services for all, complaints are sometimes not fully addressed by providers. In such cases, individuals can refer the matter to the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO) for investigation. The paper aims to discuss a single reform of the PHSO that could enhance the complaint handling process for public services.
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...Tatiana Kojar
Skybuffer AI, built on the robust SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP), is the latest and most advanced version of our AI development, reaffirming our commitment to delivering top-tier AI solutions. Skybuffer AI harnesses all the innovative capabilities of the SAP BTP in the AI domain, from Conversational AI to cutting-edge Generative AI and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also helps SAP customers safeguard their investments into SAP Conversational AI and ensure a seamless, one-click transition to SAP Business AI.
With Skybuffer AI, various AI models can be integrated into a single communication channel such as Microsoft Teams. This integration empowers business users with insights drawn from SAP backend systems, enterprise documents, and the expansive knowledge of Generative AI. And the best part of it is that it is all managed through our intuitive no-code Action Server interface, requiring no extensive coding knowledge and making the advanced AI accessible to more users.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024Intelisync
DeFi represents a paradigm shift in the financial industry. Instead of relying on traditional, centralized institutions like banks, DeFi leverages blockchain technology to create a decentralized network of financial services. This means that financial transactions can occur directly between parties, without intermediaries, using smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum.
In 2024, we are witnessing an explosion of new DeFi projects and protocols, each pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in finance.
In summary, DeFi in 2024 is not just a trend; it’s a revolution that democratizes finance, enhances security and transparency, and fosters continuous innovation. As we proceed through this presentation, we'll explore the various components and services of DeFi in detail, shedding light on how they are transforming the financial landscape.
At Intelisync, we specialize in providing comprehensive DeFi development services tailored to meet the unique needs of our clients. From smart contract development to dApp creation and security audits, we ensure that your DeFi project is built with innovation, security, and scalability in mind. Trust Intelisync to guide you through the intricate landscape of decentralized finance and unlock the full potential of blockchain technology.
Ready to take your DeFi project to the next level? Partner with Intelisync for expert DeFi development services today!
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
1. Short technical note [Draft 3, 12 Sep 2013]
Detected communities in the relationship networks of PDAF releases from 2007-2009
Gabriel Sison, Pamela Anne Pasion and Giovanni Tapang*
National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman
gtapang@nip.upd.edu.ph
Introduction
The release of the Commission on Audit (COA) Special Audits Office Report No. 2012-03 [1] opened a wealth of
data that gives us a glimpse of how the Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) and the so-called Various
Infrastructure, Including Local Projects (VILP) funds were used in government agencies. The report gives a
government-wide Performance Audit of the PDAF and the VILP of various implementing agencies from 2007 to
2009.
The data is in several tables and annexes that listed the non-governmental organizations (NGO) to whom
funding was given by a legislator. One cannot immediately see the relationships between the NGOs and
between legislators by simply looking at the tables. Visualizing such relationships and quantifying them is a
problem of network analysis and visualization. The visualization of the PDAF relases is what we address in this
technical note.
We present a visualization at http://visser.ph/pdaf (using sigma.js).
Network Analysis
Network tools have been used in many applications to date. We have analyzed different systems such as prose
and poetry [2], SMS messages [3], translations [4], poetic styles [5] and bill co-authorships in the Philippine
Congress[6] among others.
A network is a simple way to represent a set of objects or nodes who has a defined relation between each other.
We call these objects a node or a vertex while we call the relationship between them as an edge [7]. Depending
on the data set, edges could represent different kinds of relationships. In a social network, these could be
friendship relations [8], or co-authorships in a Congressional setting[9]. Edges in networks can have values
attached to them (weighted networks) or one can set a uniform weight for the edges of an unweighted networks
[7]. Depending on the direction at which the relationship is defined we can have directed or undirected networks.
Networks have been used to characterized political systems such as the United States Congress [10] and the
Philippine House of Representatives[6]. In such networks, nodes (called ego or actors) are the legislators
themselves and links between them can be voting patterns or co-sponsorships of bills and resolutions[6] [or
common allocations to organizations such as in this paper]. These co-sponsorship networks can be used as
proxies for effective political party affiliation of the legislators which can be derived from calculating partitions, or
communities, that arise as a result of their level of partisanship[6,10].
In general, nodes or actors can be persons, groups or organizations. In the current work, we have our nodes as
the individual senators, congressmen, the implementing agencies (IA) and the NGOs that received their PDAF
allocations.
Methdology
2. We took data from Annex A of the COA special report[1] and converted this to a table using Python. We then
further processed the resulting data using an open source network analysis program Gephi[11]. We have taken
two visualizations of the data as presented by looking at the network built from legislators who have released
funds to a common NGO and another network where NGOs who received funds from the same legislator is
linked together. The two networks taken together defines a bipartite network but we only present visualization
and analysis of the two networks taken separately.
The first network that we created is a network where a legislator, represented by a node, is connected to another
legislator if the two of them provided funds to the same NGO. We applied community detection algorithms in
Gephi[11] to determine if there were groups of legislators that were likely to fund NGOs together. The legislators
were colored based on what “community” they fell into.
The same was done to make a network of NGOs to which the PDAF were transferred. In this network, a
connection is made between two NGOs if they received funds from the same legislator. As these nodes tend to
connect more with certain sets of nodes, we use the same community detection methods to find what NGOs are
connected with each other more and group them together by color. As with the legislator networks, the colors are
based on the communities that the NGOs fall into.
Results and Analysis
The legislator network that we obtained has 186 nodes with 3976 edges. We find that the network has an
average degree of 21.38. This implies that, on the average, a legislator distributes his PDAF to the same NGO
as 21.38 other congressmen as the degree is the number of connections that a node has. In this network, it
measures how many other legislators he or she shared the same beneficiary NGO. Certain legislators, based
on the COA report, have high degrees. For example, Rep. Adam Relson Jala tops the list at 73 with Arrel Olano
and Mariano Piamonte follow at 66 and 64 respectively. On the average, each legislator have given his PDAF to
1.4 NGOs.
The degree of a node does not reflect the amount that they gave from their PDAF since for Rep. Jala, he
allocated only P32.086 million for the period in review. This is just an average of P0.43 million per NGO while the
top releases belong to Senators Ramon Revilla (at P503.89 million for eight NGOs), Jinggoy Estrada (P491.495
million for four NGOs) and Juan Ponce Enrile (P469.49 million for 11 NGOs). In the legislator network, they have
degrees of 30, 24 and 49 respectively. To round up the top 5 in PDAF releases, Rep. Philip Pichay gave P180
million to two NGOs and Senator Angara gave P151 million to seven NGOs. Their degrees are 32 and 9
respectively.
We show in Figure 1 the legislator network and their detected communities. We found six (6) communities.
These communities are legislators that tend to give to the same set of NGOs together.
We can rank the legislators based the number of “partners” they have, of which Adam Relson Jala tops the list.
This is reflected in the high degree or number of connections that he has. We can also add weight to these links
by the number of times that two linked legislators funded a common NGO. In such a weighted network, Nerissa
Corazon-Ruiz becomes the most connected legislator. A more advanced technique is betweenness centrality
which measures how “central” a given node is, which can be seen as a proxy for influence within the network[10].
Sen. Juan Ponce Enrile tops that list. See Table 1 for more details.
3. We repeated the same thing for the NGO network. The NGO network shows an average degree of 7.68 which
implies that 7.68 NGOs typically receive allocations from the same legislator. The NGO network has 69 nodes
with 530 edges. We found at least five (5) groups of nodes or communities. Each groups are represented by a
separate node color. As such, nodes with the same color are NGOs which are more likely to have receive funds
from the same legislator.
Figure 1: Legislator network and detected
communities. Sizes of the nodes are proportional to the betweenness centrality.
4. In Figure 2, the thickness of the arrows represents the weight of how the NGOs are connected with each other.
The stronger the weight of the arrows, the greater their connection is. Thicker arrows are funded together more
often by more than one legislator. It can be seen that the nodes in blue and green groups have more weighted
edges than the other groups especially in the SDPFFI NGO in the blue group and KKAMFI NGO in the green
group.
We could also apply some other network techniques such as looking at which node are importante nodes in the
NGO network. This is measured by the eigenvector centrality[11]. The NGO which has the highest eigenvector
centrality or the measure of importance of the node is the MAMFI NGO. This is followed by the CARED and
SDPFF respectively with all of which have measure of greater than 0.90 eigenvector centrality. See Table 2 for
more numbers.
Node label Betweenness
Centrality
Weighted
Degree
Clustering
Coefficient
Eigenvector
Centrality
Closeness
Centrality
1 Juan Ponce Enrile 0.1034 140.0 0.2661 0.26504 0.5378
2 Arrel R. Olano 0.1024 87.0 0.3529 0.70891 0.5640
3 Ignacio T. Arroyo, Jr. 0.0750 95.0 0.5340 0.74083 0.5441
4 Adam Relson L. Jala 0.0650 110.0 0.3916 1.0 0.5763
5 Francisco T. Matugas 0.0649 78.0 0.4713 0.77308 0.5425
6 Edgardo J. Angara 0.0532 12.0 0.2778 0.03684 0.4048
7 Mariano U. Piamonte 0.0403 106.0 0.4638 0.95405 0.5378
8 Emmanuel Joel J.
Villanueva
0.0402 50.0 0.4366 0.43666 0.5082
9 Samuel M. Dangwa 0.0382 92.0 0.3286 0.26147 0.4973
10 Marc Douglas C. Cagas IV 0.0356 66.0 0.4473 0.46821 0.5211
Table 1. Various network parameters in the legislator network for the top-10 legislators based on their betweeness centrality.
Betweenness centrality is defined as the number of shortest paths from all vertices passing through a node. The weighted degree is
proportional to the number and strength of connections of a node. The clustering coefficient measures the degree to which nodes tend to
cluster with one another. The eignevector centrality is a measure of the importance of a node in the network and is related to how well
connected a particular node is. The closeness centrality is a measure of the average distance from a given strarting node to all other nodes
in the system. The centrality measures are normalized in this table.
These are just a sample of the things we can do with the network representation of the PDAF releases. Deeper
knowledge about Congress and the interlocking directorships of the NGOs would be also be extremely helpful in
further analysis. This will be done in a future work. Nevertheless these tools allow the average Filipino to glean
information readily as opposed to tables and documents, helping them better participate in the process of
democracy.
5. Node label Betweenness
Centrality
Weighted
Degree
Clustering
Coefficient
Eigenvector
Centrality
Closeness
Centrality
1 Kagandahan ng Kapaligiran
Foundation, Inc. (KKFI)
0.1982 21.0 0.3429 0.8683 0.5397
2 Kabuhayan at Kalusugan Alay sa
Masa Foundation, Inc. (KKAMFI)
0.1823 23.0 0.2332 0.6561 0.5574
3 Dr. Rodlofo A. Ignacio, Sr.
Foundation Inc (DRAISFI)
0.1275 23.0 0.3360 1.0 0.5667
4 Farmerbusiness Development Corp
(FDC)
0.0984 18.0 0.3399 0.7372 0.5231
5 Aaron Foundation Philippines Inc
(AFPI)
0.0915 15.0 0.2380 0.5067 0.4892
6 Masaganang Ani Para sa
Magsasaka Foundation Inc
(MAMFI)
0.0903 21.0 0.4048 0.8651 0.5397
7 Pangkabuhayan Foundation (Pang-
FI)
0.0838 21.0 0.3524 0.8509 0.4963
8 Kaagapay Magpakailanman
Foundation Inc (KMFI)
0.0681 17.0 0.3088 0.6091 0.5312
9 ITO NA Movement Foundation Inc
(ITO NA MI)
0.0571 11.0 0.3818 0.4734 0.4755
Figure 2: NGO networks and detected communities.
6. 10 Hand-Made Living Foundation Inc
(HMLFI)
0.0451 10.0 0.3556 0.4486 0.4626
Table 2. Various network parameters in the NGO network for the top-10 NGOs based on their betweeness centrality. Betweenness
centrality is defined as the number of shortest paths from all vertices passing through a node. The weighted degree is proportional to the
number and strength of connections of a node. The clustering coefficient measures the degree to which nodes tend to cluster with one
another. The eignevector centrality is a measure of the importance of a node in the network and is related to how well connected a particular
node is. The closeness centrality is a measure of the average distance from a given strarting node to all other nodes in the system. The
centrality measures are normalized in this table.
References
1. Commision on Audit Special Audits Office, Report No. 2012-03 Government-wide Performance Audit, “Priority
Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) and Various Infrastructures including Local Projects (VILP)”, 2012
2. RM Roxas, G Tapang, “Prose and Poetry Classification and Boundary Detection Using Word Adjacency
Network Analysis”, International Journal of Modern Physics C 21 (04), 503-512
3. JJT Cabatbat, GA Tapang, “Texting Styles and Information Change of SMS Text Messages in Filipino”,
International Journal of Modern Physics C 24 (02)
4. JJT Cabatbat, JP Monsanto, GA Tapang, “Preserved Network Metrics Across Translated Texts,” International
Journal of Modern Physics C (accepted paper 2013)
5. RM Roxas-Villanueva, MK Nambatac, G Tapang, “Characterizing English poetic style using complex
networks”, International Journal of Modern Physics C 23 (02)
6. Gabriel Dominik Sison, “Edge-weight distributions in dense small node co-authorship networks“, BS Thesis,
BS Physics, UP Diliman April 2013
7. Alain Barrat, Marc Barth elemy, and Alessandro Vespignani. Dynamical Processes on Complex Cambridge
University Press, New York, USA, 2008.
8. Hua Wang and Barry Wellman. Social connectivity in america: changes in adult friendship network size from
2002 to 2007. American Behavioral Scientist, 53(8):1148{1169, 2010.
9. James H Fowler. Connecting the congress: A study of cosponsorship networks. Political Analysis, 14(4):456-
487, 2006.
10. Yan Zhang, AJ Friend, Amanda L Traud, Mason A Porter, James H Fowler, and Peter J Mucha. Community
structure in congressional cosponsorship networks. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,
387(7):1705{1712, 2008.
11. Bastian M., Heymann S., Jacomy M. (2009). Gephi: an open source software for exploring and manipulating
networks. International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media.
About the authors
Pamela Anne Pasion is a fourth-year BS Applied Physics student at the National Institute of Physics working on
translations and network analysis. Gabriel Dominik Sison has finished his BS Physics degree in 2013 with an
award for Best BS Thesis on his work “Edge-weight distributions in dense small node co-authorship networks“.
Dr. Giovanni Tapang is an Associate Professor at the National Institute of Physics and is also the chairperson
of the scientist group AGHAM-Advocates of Science and Technology for the People. He can be reached at
gtapang@nip.upd.edu.ph