This technical note analyzes networks of legislators and NGOs based on Philippine PDAF allocation data from 2007-2009. Two networks were constructed: 1) a legislator network where nodes are legislators connected if they allocated to a common NGO, and 2) an NGO network where nodes are NGOs connected if they received funds from the same legislator. Community detection analysis identified multiple communities in each network. Centrality measures identified highly connected legislators like Enrile and NGOs like MAMFI. The networks provide a way to visualize relationships and communities in the PDAF allocation data.
With the passage of time, the development of communication technology and transportation
broke the isolation among people. Relationship tends to be complicated, pluralism, dynamism.
In the network where interpersonal relationship and evolved complex net based on game theory
work serve respectively as foundation architecture and theoretical model, with the combination
of game theory and regard public welfare as influencing factor, we artificially initialize that
closed network system. Through continual loop operation of the program ,we summarize the
changing rule of the cooperative behavior in the interpersonal relationship, so that we can
analyze the policies about welfare system about whole network and the relationship of
frequency of betrayal in cooperative behavior. Most analytical data come from some simple
investigations and some estimates based on internet and environment and the study put
emphasis on simulating social network and analyze influence of social welfare system on
Cooperative Behavior .
The Effect of Social Welfare System Based on the Complex Networkcsandit
With the passage of time, the development of communication technology and transportation
broke the isolation among people. Relationship tends to be complicated, pluralism, dynamism.
In the network where interpersonal relationship and evolved complex net based on game theory
work serve respectively as foundation architecture and theoretical model, with the combination
of game theory and regard public welfare as influencing factor, we artificially initialize that
closed network system. Through continual loop operation of the program ,we summarize the
changing rule of the cooperative behavior in the interpersonal relationship, so that we can
analyze the policies about welfare system about whole network and the relationship of
frequency of betrayal in cooperative behavior. Most analytical data come from some simple
investigations and some estimates based on internet and environment and the study put
emphasis on simulating social network and analyze influence of social welfare system on
Cooperative Behavior .
Mass Media Essay. ️ Conclusion of mass media in education. Essay on Mass Medi...Brittany Simmons
The Role of Mass Media in the World of Politics - PHDessay.com. Short essay on importance of mass media. 004 Argumentative Essay On Mass Media Topics For Criminal Ju Justice .... 20 Sensational Topics for Your Mass Media Essay – Kibin Blog. Mass Media | Lots of English Texts with Audio. Effects of Mass Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... Media Essay | News | Mass Media.
The Role of Mass Media in the World of Politics - PHDessay.com. Short essay on importance of mass media. 004 Argumentative Essay On Mass Media Topics For Criminal Ju Justice .... 20 Sensational Topics for Your Mass Media Essay – Kibin Blog. Mass Media | Lots of English Texts with Audio. Effects of Mass Media Essay Example | Topics and W
What we see may not always be the reality and what we
presume as real may not be our observation always. In a democratic
set-up, this has often emerged as a reality. Democracies had always been subjected to criticism but it is astonishing to note how the
interplay of corrupt vision and changing social attitudes playing a
havoc in our democratic systems. This paper broadly investigates
the voting behavior and attitudes in response to sophisticated
tempting actions by political parties to pull voters. This research
demonstrates that higher the level of temptation combined with
many socio-economic perils leads to higher biasness towards
them. Participatory research, interviews, journals, publications,
and observation and media reporting have been studied, analyzed,
and scrutinized to discover how different poor and illiterate people
vote. Findings and results attribute a greater role of education,
financial liberty, backwardness, and awareness to political reality
in determining voting behavior.
This document by Eelke Wielinga describes the FAN (Free Actor Network) approach and practical tools to promote effective networks where traditional planning is balanced with the energies, incentives and dreams of the members. Mr Wielinga was one of the speakers of the Systemic M&E webinar (Innovations in Measuring Impacts in Market and Financial Systems: rethinking the current paradigm). This webinar was organised by SEEP's MaFI in October 2012 and hosted in collaboration with USAID's Microlinks and FHI360. To know more about the FAN approach and Eelke's work go to www.toolsfornetworkers.nl
John HendersonTywon PettyAndrew shearer2.6.2020GSL 630.docxvrickens
John Henderson
Tywon Petty
Andrew shearer
2.6.2020
GSL 630 strategic project management
Project Charter
team 3
1
AGENDA
Develop Project Charter - Chicago
2
Inputs: Business Documents
Business Case
Increasing levels of gun violence over last 5 years.
High economic cost
High human cost
Community distrust of police due to over policing.
Disproportionalities in stops, searches, arrests.
Lack of collaboration with community in reduction strategies
Perceptions of police bias
3
Inputs: Business Documents
Business Case (continued)
Portland Police Bureau Gang Enforcement
Since 2013 shootings have gone
Since 2013 group related nexus
4
Inputs: AGREEMENTS
Collaboration with academics on ways to review existing data to identity those most at risk for violence
Prevention through collaboration with service providers to connect with those at risk.
Collaboration with community for transparency, understanding, and support
5
Inputs: Enterprise Environmental Factors
External Factors
Internal Factors
Gun violence areas receive a harsher hand when carrying out justice
Governments lean towards more prisons /incarceration and less rehabilitation
Gun violence areas are sometimes low-income, hi-drug reported, hi-crime rate, and over-extended social and emergency services.
Historical distrust of police and government/ vise-versa
Gun-violence areas have social & health infrastructure that is extended and under resourced
Communication channels are lack-luster because of poor coms between families, police, and courts
6
Inputs: Organizational Process Assets
Specialized investigative Police team focused on gun violence response.
Biweekly shooting reviews of every incident where all criminal justice stakeholders are at the table
A collaboration among the LE partners to ensure that the most violent offenders are the focus to prevent the NEXT shooting, not just solve the last shooting.
Historical, Pattern, and Trend analysis
7
Tools and Techniques – Expert Judgement
Subject matter experts to include:
National Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (NICJR)
California Partnership for Safer Communities (CPSC)
L.E. executives (Oakland, Stockton, Chicago, Boston)
Outreach organizations from listed cities (Unite Oakland, READI Chicago, etc.)
Academics
The first category of Tools and techniques is Expert judgment. In the context of a gun violence reduction strategy seeking out those in the industry with lived experiences in developing similar strategies in other communities should be consulted with. In our case, seeking the expert judgement of organizations such as the California Partnership for Safer Communities (CPSC) and the National Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (NICJR) would be critical. They have been instrumental in developing and implementing similar programs in other cities so their technical knowledge is invaluable. Entering into partnership with them as consul ...
9 A Preliminary Theory of Interorganizational Network Effectivenes.docxransayo
9 A Preliminary Theory of Interorganizational Network Effectiveness: A Comparative Study of Four Community Mental Health Systems Keith G. Provan H. Brinton Milward This chapter presents the results of a comparative study of interorganizational networks, or systems, of mental health delivery in four U.S. cities, leading to a preliminary theory of network effectiveness. Extensive data were collected from surveys, interviews, documents, and observations. Network effectiveness was assessed by collecting and aggregating data on outcomes from samples of clients, their families, and their case managers at each site. Results of analyses of both quantitative and qualitative data collected at the individual, organizational, and network levels of analysis showed that network effectiveness could be explained by various structural and contextual factors, specifically, network integration, external control, system stability, and environmental resource munificence. Based on the findings, we develop testable propositions to guide theory development and future research on network effectiveness. The study of relations between organizations has been a major concern of organization theorists for at least the past 25 years. While most of the work in this area has focused on the determinants or predictors of interorganizational relations (see Oliver, 1990, for a review), as an understanding of the phenomenon has grown, the unit of analysis has gradually shifted from the dyad to the organization set, to the network. Especially in recent years, the study of organizational networks has proliferated. Much of this interest has been generated by an emerging recognition by academics that businesses, as well as organizations in the not-for-profit and public sectors, are increasingly turning to various forms of cooperative alliances as a way of enhancing competitiveness and effectiveness that would not be possible through the traditional governance mechanisms of market or hierarchy (Powell, 1990). While a good deal of what has been written about networks has been atheoretical, discussing the advantages of networks or examining issues of measurement and analysis, considerable theory-based research has also emerged (e.g., Cook, 1977; Burt, 1980; Granovetter, 1985; Jarillo, 1988; Williamson, 1991; Cook and Whitmeyer, 1992; Larson, 1992; Provan, 1993). In the organization theory literature, work on networks has been guided primarily by two theoretical perspectives: resource dependence, and related exchange perspectives, and transaction cost economics, with most recent work focusing on the latter approach. Each of these perspectives offers both complementary and contrasting views about the network form. For the most part, however, each perspective focuses essentially on the organizational antecedents and outcomes of network involvement, with little attention paid to the network as a whole, except for its governance and structure. This organizational view is understandable, sinc.
Application Democratic Governance and Policy NetworksPolicy n.docxmammiesfa
Application: Democratic Governance and Policy Networks
Policy networks are a prevalent feature of democratic governance. The policy network approach requires collaboration among interested parties in order to make progress in forming public policy. The various actors in a policy network organize, form coalitions, communicate, coordinate, and compete around policy issues of interest to them. Policy networks are organic entities that may change over time. Depending on the policy issue, today’s allies in a policy network may be tomorrow’s enemies. For example, conservative and libertarian groups may work together to defeat a new tax proposal but may quickly part ways over the legalization of medical marijuana. The operation of policy networks is shaped by the political, social, and economic climate in which they operate.
To prepare for this Assignment:
Review the articles “Analyzing and Managing Policy Processes in Complex Networks: A Theoretical Examination of the Concept Policy Network and Its Problems” in this week’s Learning Resources. Consider the definitions of policy network presented and the evolving structures and processes associated with the term
policy network
.
Recall the issue you selected for this week’s Discussion and think about which actors and organizations might be part of the policy network related to the issue.
.
This is what I wrote about this week
How should policy makers balance competing interests?
Policy makers have tried to balance competing interest since the beginning of time and have been successful had it until now. Thanks to social media people all over the country are able to express their views on any and everything that is going right and wrong in this country. Policy makers are now forced to listen to the people and can no longer turn a blind eye to what’s going on in the United States. The Obama administration saw the impact of social media and used this platform to reach people who had never voted for and young people who never paid that much attention to politics. According to Harvey (2014), “Social media has become as much a part of American politics as county fairs, according to Harvey.”
Philips, A., (2014).
Social media has had an impact on politics.
Retrieved from
http://lasvegassun.com/news/2014/aug/24/social-media-has-had-impact-politics/
.
The Assignment (2
Briefly describe the issue you selected.
Describe the actors and organizations in the policy network related to your chosen issue.
Explain how democratic governance influences the operation of policy networks, specifically the one(s) related to your issue. Next, explain how policy networks influence democratic governance.
Based on your analysis, draw conclusions and share insights about the relationship between democratic governance and policy networks.
Support your Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are asked to provide a reference list only for those resources
.
Passmore, D. L., & Baker, R. M. (2016). Social networks of performance. Session presented at The Performance Improvement Conference of the International Society for Performance Improvement, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Running head NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH1NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH 1
NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH 2
Neighborhood Watch
Robert Rodriguez
AIU
21 Jan 17
When accessing the various issues that are going on in society, the public has been able to deal with various factors but one crime it’s still high and getting rid of it is proving to be a hard task. The policy that will be ideal for the society will be a policy that sensitize the society is the fact that burglary has been occurring every now and then and this is a worrying factor for it is gateway for more serious cries.in the recent past, the public has been suffering with a high number of burglaries which has been occurring when homeowners are not in town or when they are arriving late from work.
Burglaries have been estimated to occur during the early hours of the night and also during the late night. This is because s is normal for people to come home from travel late at night or during the early hours of the night and the neighbors will not be interested on checking what is going on. The policy wants the public to look for each other’s property and help the police to arrest the culprits and stop the crimes altogether. (Walker, 2011)
The policy is informed by the social control theory which works at ensuring that various institutions are resent to help the society to deter crime. Institutions include social places where people can work, religious centers and education centers which will help the people to be educated and also to be busy. Through the people society being busy they will have something to do and hence concentrate on the things that will better their lives. Asking people to be their neighbors who will also be helped by the fact that the social institutions that will be in society will help the public to know each other and form a relationship with each other (Walker, 2011). This will make it easier for the public to identify strangers in the neighborhood.
Anticipated benefits
The benefits that are expected from the policy will include an increase in social connections it where the society will engage with each the on more issues and develop better social policies that will not only increase safety in the society but more regulations that will help n improving the society conditions and value (Walker, 2011). Society gatherings help in formulating plans that will not only answer various questions but also in helping with arrangement and development of structural projects in the society helping with society planning’s.
There is also expected a reduction in idling as people are going to be engaged with other activities and through the provision of various social amenities. The social amenities will also rate employment for the people in society which will lead to a better standard of living in the community.
Benefits
Increased security and reduced crime as by reducing the crime rate and making people more away of what is going on their society will be one of the main benefits.by creating awareness; ...
Accountability Initiative is holding a bar-camp on June 5-6. This bar camp would focus on accountability issues in India. This presentation is being made to facilitate ideas on what can be done in India.
With the passage of time, the development of communication technology and transportation
broke the isolation among people. Relationship tends to be complicated, pluralism, dynamism.
In the network where interpersonal relationship and evolved complex net based on game theory
work serve respectively as foundation architecture and theoretical model, with the combination
of game theory and regard public welfare as influencing factor, we artificially initialize that
closed network system. Through continual loop operation of the program ,we summarize the
changing rule of the cooperative behavior in the interpersonal relationship, so that we can
analyze the policies about welfare system about whole network and the relationship of
frequency of betrayal in cooperative behavior. Most analytical data come from some simple
investigations and some estimates based on internet and environment and the study put
emphasis on simulating social network and analyze influence of social welfare system on
Cooperative Behavior .
The Effect of Social Welfare System Based on the Complex Networkcsandit
With the passage of time, the development of communication technology and transportation
broke the isolation among people. Relationship tends to be complicated, pluralism, dynamism.
In the network where interpersonal relationship and evolved complex net based on game theory
work serve respectively as foundation architecture and theoretical model, with the combination
of game theory and regard public welfare as influencing factor, we artificially initialize that
closed network system. Through continual loop operation of the program ,we summarize the
changing rule of the cooperative behavior in the interpersonal relationship, so that we can
analyze the policies about welfare system about whole network and the relationship of
frequency of betrayal in cooperative behavior. Most analytical data come from some simple
investigations and some estimates based on internet and environment and the study put
emphasis on simulating social network and analyze influence of social welfare system on
Cooperative Behavior .
Mass Media Essay. ️ Conclusion of mass media in education. Essay on Mass Medi...Brittany Simmons
The Role of Mass Media in the World of Politics - PHDessay.com. Short essay on importance of mass media. 004 Argumentative Essay On Mass Media Topics For Criminal Ju Justice .... 20 Sensational Topics for Your Mass Media Essay – Kibin Blog. Mass Media | Lots of English Texts with Audio. Effects of Mass Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... Media Essay | News | Mass Media.
The Role of Mass Media in the World of Politics - PHDessay.com. Short essay on importance of mass media. 004 Argumentative Essay On Mass Media Topics For Criminal Ju Justice .... 20 Sensational Topics for Your Mass Media Essay – Kibin Blog. Mass Media | Lots of English Texts with Audio. Effects of Mass Media Essay Example | Topics and W
What we see may not always be the reality and what we
presume as real may not be our observation always. In a democratic
set-up, this has often emerged as a reality. Democracies had always been subjected to criticism but it is astonishing to note how the
interplay of corrupt vision and changing social attitudes playing a
havoc in our democratic systems. This paper broadly investigates
the voting behavior and attitudes in response to sophisticated
tempting actions by political parties to pull voters. This research
demonstrates that higher the level of temptation combined with
many socio-economic perils leads to higher biasness towards
them. Participatory research, interviews, journals, publications,
and observation and media reporting have been studied, analyzed,
and scrutinized to discover how different poor and illiterate people
vote. Findings and results attribute a greater role of education,
financial liberty, backwardness, and awareness to political reality
in determining voting behavior.
This document by Eelke Wielinga describes the FAN (Free Actor Network) approach and practical tools to promote effective networks where traditional planning is balanced with the energies, incentives and dreams of the members. Mr Wielinga was one of the speakers of the Systemic M&E webinar (Innovations in Measuring Impacts in Market and Financial Systems: rethinking the current paradigm). This webinar was organised by SEEP's MaFI in October 2012 and hosted in collaboration with USAID's Microlinks and FHI360. To know more about the FAN approach and Eelke's work go to www.toolsfornetworkers.nl
John HendersonTywon PettyAndrew shearer2.6.2020GSL 630.docxvrickens
John Henderson
Tywon Petty
Andrew shearer
2.6.2020
GSL 630 strategic project management
Project Charter
team 3
1
AGENDA
Develop Project Charter - Chicago
2
Inputs: Business Documents
Business Case
Increasing levels of gun violence over last 5 years.
High economic cost
High human cost
Community distrust of police due to over policing.
Disproportionalities in stops, searches, arrests.
Lack of collaboration with community in reduction strategies
Perceptions of police bias
3
Inputs: Business Documents
Business Case (continued)
Portland Police Bureau Gang Enforcement
Since 2013 shootings have gone
Since 2013 group related nexus
4
Inputs: AGREEMENTS
Collaboration with academics on ways to review existing data to identity those most at risk for violence
Prevention through collaboration with service providers to connect with those at risk.
Collaboration with community for transparency, understanding, and support
5
Inputs: Enterprise Environmental Factors
External Factors
Internal Factors
Gun violence areas receive a harsher hand when carrying out justice
Governments lean towards more prisons /incarceration and less rehabilitation
Gun violence areas are sometimes low-income, hi-drug reported, hi-crime rate, and over-extended social and emergency services.
Historical distrust of police and government/ vise-versa
Gun-violence areas have social & health infrastructure that is extended and under resourced
Communication channels are lack-luster because of poor coms between families, police, and courts
6
Inputs: Organizational Process Assets
Specialized investigative Police team focused on gun violence response.
Biweekly shooting reviews of every incident where all criminal justice stakeholders are at the table
A collaboration among the LE partners to ensure that the most violent offenders are the focus to prevent the NEXT shooting, not just solve the last shooting.
Historical, Pattern, and Trend analysis
7
Tools and Techniques – Expert Judgement
Subject matter experts to include:
National Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (NICJR)
California Partnership for Safer Communities (CPSC)
L.E. executives (Oakland, Stockton, Chicago, Boston)
Outreach organizations from listed cities (Unite Oakland, READI Chicago, etc.)
Academics
The first category of Tools and techniques is Expert judgment. In the context of a gun violence reduction strategy seeking out those in the industry with lived experiences in developing similar strategies in other communities should be consulted with. In our case, seeking the expert judgement of organizations such as the California Partnership for Safer Communities (CPSC) and the National Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (NICJR) would be critical. They have been instrumental in developing and implementing similar programs in other cities so their technical knowledge is invaluable. Entering into partnership with them as consul ...
9 A Preliminary Theory of Interorganizational Network Effectivenes.docxransayo
9 A Preliminary Theory of Interorganizational Network Effectiveness: A Comparative Study of Four Community Mental Health Systems Keith G. Provan H. Brinton Milward This chapter presents the results of a comparative study of interorganizational networks, or systems, of mental health delivery in four U.S. cities, leading to a preliminary theory of network effectiveness. Extensive data were collected from surveys, interviews, documents, and observations. Network effectiveness was assessed by collecting and aggregating data on outcomes from samples of clients, their families, and their case managers at each site. Results of analyses of both quantitative and qualitative data collected at the individual, organizational, and network levels of analysis showed that network effectiveness could be explained by various structural and contextual factors, specifically, network integration, external control, system stability, and environmental resource munificence. Based on the findings, we develop testable propositions to guide theory development and future research on network effectiveness. The study of relations between organizations has been a major concern of organization theorists for at least the past 25 years. While most of the work in this area has focused on the determinants or predictors of interorganizational relations (see Oliver, 1990, for a review), as an understanding of the phenomenon has grown, the unit of analysis has gradually shifted from the dyad to the organization set, to the network. Especially in recent years, the study of organizational networks has proliferated. Much of this interest has been generated by an emerging recognition by academics that businesses, as well as organizations in the not-for-profit and public sectors, are increasingly turning to various forms of cooperative alliances as a way of enhancing competitiveness and effectiveness that would not be possible through the traditional governance mechanisms of market or hierarchy (Powell, 1990). While a good deal of what has been written about networks has been atheoretical, discussing the advantages of networks or examining issues of measurement and analysis, considerable theory-based research has also emerged (e.g., Cook, 1977; Burt, 1980; Granovetter, 1985; Jarillo, 1988; Williamson, 1991; Cook and Whitmeyer, 1992; Larson, 1992; Provan, 1993). In the organization theory literature, work on networks has been guided primarily by two theoretical perspectives: resource dependence, and related exchange perspectives, and transaction cost economics, with most recent work focusing on the latter approach. Each of these perspectives offers both complementary and contrasting views about the network form. For the most part, however, each perspective focuses essentially on the organizational antecedents and outcomes of network involvement, with little attention paid to the network as a whole, except for its governance and structure. This organizational view is understandable, sinc.
Application Democratic Governance and Policy NetworksPolicy n.docxmammiesfa
Application: Democratic Governance and Policy Networks
Policy networks are a prevalent feature of democratic governance. The policy network approach requires collaboration among interested parties in order to make progress in forming public policy. The various actors in a policy network organize, form coalitions, communicate, coordinate, and compete around policy issues of interest to them. Policy networks are organic entities that may change over time. Depending on the policy issue, today’s allies in a policy network may be tomorrow’s enemies. For example, conservative and libertarian groups may work together to defeat a new tax proposal but may quickly part ways over the legalization of medical marijuana. The operation of policy networks is shaped by the political, social, and economic climate in which they operate.
To prepare for this Assignment:
Review the articles “Analyzing and Managing Policy Processes in Complex Networks: A Theoretical Examination of the Concept Policy Network and Its Problems” in this week’s Learning Resources. Consider the definitions of policy network presented and the evolving structures and processes associated with the term
policy network
.
Recall the issue you selected for this week’s Discussion and think about which actors and organizations might be part of the policy network related to the issue.
.
This is what I wrote about this week
How should policy makers balance competing interests?
Policy makers have tried to balance competing interest since the beginning of time and have been successful had it until now. Thanks to social media people all over the country are able to express their views on any and everything that is going right and wrong in this country. Policy makers are now forced to listen to the people and can no longer turn a blind eye to what’s going on in the United States. The Obama administration saw the impact of social media and used this platform to reach people who had never voted for and young people who never paid that much attention to politics. According to Harvey (2014), “Social media has become as much a part of American politics as county fairs, according to Harvey.”
Philips, A., (2014).
Social media has had an impact on politics.
Retrieved from
http://lasvegassun.com/news/2014/aug/24/social-media-has-had-impact-politics/
.
The Assignment (2
Briefly describe the issue you selected.
Describe the actors and organizations in the policy network related to your chosen issue.
Explain how democratic governance influences the operation of policy networks, specifically the one(s) related to your issue. Next, explain how policy networks influence democratic governance.
Based on your analysis, draw conclusions and share insights about the relationship between democratic governance and policy networks.
Support your Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are asked to provide a reference list only for those resources
.
Passmore, D. L., & Baker, R. M. (2016). Social networks of performance. Session presented at The Performance Improvement Conference of the International Society for Performance Improvement, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Running head NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH1NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH 1
NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH 2
Neighborhood Watch
Robert Rodriguez
AIU
21 Jan 17
When accessing the various issues that are going on in society, the public has been able to deal with various factors but one crime it’s still high and getting rid of it is proving to be a hard task. The policy that will be ideal for the society will be a policy that sensitize the society is the fact that burglary has been occurring every now and then and this is a worrying factor for it is gateway for more serious cries.in the recent past, the public has been suffering with a high number of burglaries which has been occurring when homeowners are not in town or when they are arriving late from work.
Burglaries have been estimated to occur during the early hours of the night and also during the late night. This is because s is normal for people to come home from travel late at night or during the early hours of the night and the neighbors will not be interested on checking what is going on. The policy wants the public to look for each other’s property and help the police to arrest the culprits and stop the crimes altogether. (Walker, 2011)
The policy is informed by the social control theory which works at ensuring that various institutions are resent to help the society to deter crime. Institutions include social places where people can work, religious centers and education centers which will help the people to be educated and also to be busy. Through the people society being busy they will have something to do and hence concentrate on the things that will better their lives. Asking people to be their neighbors who will also be helped by the fact that the social institutions that will be in society will help the public to know each other and form a relationship with each other (Walker, 2011). This will make it easier for the public to identify strangers in the neighborhood.
Anticipated benefits
The benefits that are expected from the policy will include an increase in social connections it where the society will engage with each the on more issues and develop better social policies that will not only increase safety in the society but more regulations that will help n improving the society conditions and value (Walker, 2011). Society gatherings help in formulating plans that will not only answer various questions but also in helping with arrangement and development of structural projects in the society helping with society planning’s.
There is also expected a reduction in idling as people are going to be engaged with other activities and through the provision of various social amenities. The social amenities will also rate employment for the people in society which will lead to a better standard of living in the community.
Benefits
Increased security and reduced crime as by reducing the crime rate and making people more away of what is going on their society will be one of the main benefits.by creating awareness; ...
Accountability Initiative is holding a bar-camp on June 5-6. This bar camp would focus on accountability issues in India. This presentation is being made to facilitate ideas on what can be done in India.
Similar to Dr. Giovanni Tapang : Short Technical Note (20)
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
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Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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Chapter-8th-Recent Developments in Indian Politics-PPT.pptx
Dr. Giovanni Tapang : Short Technical Note
1. Short technical note [Draft 3, 12 Sep 2013]
Detected communities in the relationship networks of PDAF releases from 2007-2009
Gabriel Sison, Pamela Anne Pasion and Giovanni Tapang*
National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman
gtapang@nip.upd.edu.ph
Introduction
The release of the Commission on Audit (COA) Special Audits Office Report No. 2012-03 [1] opened a wealth of data that
gives us a glimpse of how the Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) and the so-called Various Infrastructure,
Including Local Projects (VILP) funds were used in government agencies. The report gives a government-wide Performance
Audit of the PDAF and the VILP of various implementing agencies from 2007 to 2009.
The data is in several tables and annexes that listed the non-governmental organizations (NGO) to whom funding was given
by a legislator. One cannot immediately see the relationships between the NGOs and between legislators by simply looking
at the tables. Visualizing such relationships and quantifying them is a problem of network analysis and visualization. The
visualization of the PDAF relases is what we address in this technical note.
We present a visualization at http://visser.ph/pdaf (using sigma.js).
Network Analysis
Network tools have been used in many applications to date. We have analyzed different systems such as prose and poetry
[2], SMS messages [3], translations [4], poetic styles [5] and bill co-authorships in the Philippine Congress[6] among others.
A network is a simple way to represent a set of objects or nodes who has a defined relation between each other. We call
these objects a node or a vertex while we call the relationship between them as an edge [7]. Depending on the data set,
edges could represent different kinds of relationships. In a social network, these could be friendship relations [8], or co-
authorships in a Congressional setting[9]. Edges in networks can have values attached to them (weighted networks) or one
can set a uniform weight for the edges of an unweighted networks [7]. Depending on the direction at which the relationship
is defined we can have directed or undirected networks.
Networks have been used to characterized political systems such as the United States Congress [10] and the Philippine
House of Representatives[6]. In such networks, nodes (called ego or actors) are the legislators themselves and links
between them can be voting patterns or co-sponsorships of bills and resolutions[6] [or common allocations to organizations
such as in this paper]. These co-sponsorship networks can be used as proxies for effective political party affiliation of the
legislators which can be derived from calculating partitions, or communities, that arise as a result of their level of
partisanship[6,10].
In general, nodes or actors can be persons, groups or organizations. In the current work, we have our nodes as the individual
senators, congressmen, the implementing agencies (IA) and the NGOs that received their PDAF allocations.
Methdology
We took data from Annex A of the COA special report[1] and converted this to a table using Python. We then further
processed the resulting data using an open source network analysis program Gephi[11]. We have taken two visualizations of
the data as presented by looking at the network built from legislators who have released funds to a common NGO and
2. another network where NGOs who received funds from the same legislator is linked together. The two networks taken
together defines a bipartite network but we only present visualization and analysis of the two networks taken separately.
The first network that we created is a network where a legislator, represented by a node, is connected to another legislator if
the two of them provided funds to the same NGO. We applied community detection algorithms in Gephi[11] to determine if
there were groups of legislators that were likely to fund NGOs together. The legislators were colored based on what
“community” they fell into.
The same was done to make a network of NGOs to which the PDAF were transferred. In this network, a connection is made
between two NGOs if they received funds from the same legislator. As these nodes tend to connect more with certain sets of
nodes, we use the same community detection methods to find what NGOs are connected with each other more and group
them together by color. As with the legislator networks, the colors are based on the communities that the NGOs fall into.
Results and Analysis
The legislator network that we obtained has 186 nodes with 3976 edges. We find that the network has an average degree of
21.38. This implies that, on the average, a legislator distributes his PDAF to the same NGO as 21.38 other congressmen as
the degree is the number of connections that a node has. In this network, it measures how many other legislators he or she
shared the same beneficiary NGO. Certain legislators, based on the COA report, have high degrees. For example, Rep.
Adam Relson Jala tops the list at 73 with Arrel Olano and Mariano Piamonte follow at 66 and 64 respectively. On the
average, each legislator have given his PDAF to 1.4 NGOs.
The degree of a node does not reflect the amount that they gave from their PDAF since for Rep. Jala, he allocated only
P32.086 million for the period in review. This is just an average of P0.43 million per NGO while the top releases belong to
Senators Ramon Revilla (at P503.89 million for eight NGOs), Jinggoy Estrada (P491.495 million for four NGOs) and Juan
Ponce Enrile (P469.49 million for 11 NGOs). In the legislator network, they have degrees of 30, 24 and 49 respectively. To
round up the top 5 in PDAF releases, Rep. Philip Pichay gave P180 million to two NGOs and Senator Angara gave P151
million to seven NGOs. Their degrees are 32 and 9 respectively.
We show in Figure 1 the legislator network and their detected communities. We found six (6) communities. These
communities are legislators that tend to give to the same set of NGOs together.
We can rank the legislators based the number of “partners” they have, of which Adam Relson Jala tops the list. This is
reflected in the high degree or number of connections that he has. We can also add weight to these links by the number of
times that two linked legislators funded a common NGO. In such a weighted network, Nerissa Corazon-Ruiz becomes the
most connected legislator. A more advanced technique is betweenness centrality which measures how “central” a given node
is, which can be seen as a proxy for influence within the network[10]. Sen. Juan Ponce Enrile tops that list. See Table 1 for
more details.
3. We repeated the same thing for the NGO network. The NGO network shows an average degree of 7.68 which implies that
7.68 NGOs typically receive allocations from the same legislator. The NGO network has 69 nodes with 530 edges. We
found at least five (5) groups of nodes or communities. Each groups are represented by a separate node color. As such,
nodes with the same color are NGOs which are more likely to have receive funds from the same legislator.
Figure 1: Legislator network and detected
communities. Sizes of the nodes are proportional to the betweenness centrality.
4. In Figure 2, the thickness of the arrows represents the weight of how the NGOs are connected with each other. The stronger
the weight of the arrows, the greater their connection is. Thicker arrows are funded together more often by more than one
legislator. It can be seen that the nodes in blue and green groups have more weighted edges than the other groups especially
in the SDPFFI NGO in the blue group and KKAMFI NGO in the green group.
We could also apply some other network techniques such as looking at which node are importante nodes in the NGO
network. This is measured by the eigenvector centrality[11]. The NGO which has the highest eigenvector centrality or the
measure of importance of the node is the MAMFI NGO. This is followed by the CARED and SDPFF respectively with all
of which have measure of greater than 0.90 eigenvector centrality. See Table 2 for more numbers.
Node label Betweenness
Centrality
Weighted
Degree
Clustering
Coefficient
Eigenvector
Centrality
Closeness
Centrality
1 Juan Ponce Enrile 0.1034 140.0 0.2661 0.26504 0.5378
2 Arrel R. Olano 0.1024 87.0 0.3529 0.70891 0.5640
3 Ignacio T. Arroyo, Jr. 0.0750 95.0 0.5340 0.74083 0.5441
4 Adam Relson L. Jala 0.0650 110.0 0.3916 1.0 0.5763
5 Francisco T. Matugas 0.0649 78.0 0.4713 0.77308 0.5425
6 Edgardo J. Angara 0.0532 12.0 0.2778 0.03684 0.4048
7 Mariano U. Piamonte 0.0403 106.0 0.4638 0.95405 0.5378
8 Emmanuel Joel J. Villanueva 0.0402 50.0 0.4366 0.43666 0.5082
9 Samuel M. Dangwa 0.0382 92.0 0.3286 0.26147 0.4973
10 Marc Douglas C. Cagas IV 0.0356 66.0 0.4473 0.46821 0.5211
Table 1. Various network parameters in the legislator network for the top-10 legislators based on their betweeness centrality. Betweenness centrality
is defined as the number of shortest paths from all vertices passing through a node. The weighted degree is proportional to the number and strength of
connections of a node. The clustering coefficient measures the degree to which nodes tend to cluster with one another. The eignevector centrality is a
measure of the importance of a node in the network and is related to how well connected a particular node is. The closeness centrality is a measure of the
average distance from a given strarting node to all other nodes in the system. The centrality measures are normalized in this table.
These are just a sample of the things we can do with the network representation of the PDAF releases. Deeper knowledge
about Congress and the interlocking directorships of the NGOs would be also be extremely helpful in further analysis. This
will be done in a future work. Nevertheless these tools allow the average Filipino to glean information readily as opposed to
tables and documents, helping them better participate in the process of democracy.
5. Node label Betweenness
Centrality
Weighted
Degree
Clustering
Coefficient
Eigenvector
Centrality
Closeness
Centrality
1 Kagandahan ng Kapaligiran
Foundation, Inc. (KKFI)
0.1982 21.0 0.3429 0.8683 0.5397
2 Kabuhayan at Kalusugan Alay sa Masa
Foundation, Inc. (KKAMFI)
0.1823 23.0 0.2332 0.6561 0.5574
3 Dr. Rodlofo A. Ignacio, Sr. Foundation
Inc (DRAISFI)
0.1275 23.0 0.3360 1.0 0.5667
4 Farmerbusiness Development Corp
(FDC)
0.0984 18.0 0.3399 0.7372 0.5231
5 Aaron Foundation Philippines Inc
(AFPI)
0.0915 15.0 0.2380 0.5067 0.4892
6 Masaganang Ani Para sa Magsasaka
Foundation Inc (MAMFI)
0.0903 21.0 0.4048 0.8651 0.5397
7 Pangkabuhayan Foundation (Pang-FI) 0.0838 21.0 0.3524 0.8509 0.4963
8 Kaagapay Magpakailanman
Foundation Inc (KMFI)
0.0681 17.0 0.3088 0.6091 0.5312
9 ITO NA Movement Foundation Inc
(ITO NA MI)
0.0571 11.0 0.3818 0.4734 0.4755
10 Hand-Made Living Foundation Inc
(HMLFI)
0.0451 10.0 0.3556 0.4486 0.4626
Figure 2: NGO networks and detected communities.
6. Table 2. Various network parameters in the NGO network for the top-10 NGOs based on their betweeness centrality. Betweenness centrality is
defined as the number of shortest paths from all vertices passing through a node. The weighted degree is proportional to the number and strength of
connections of a node. The clustering coefficient measures the degree to which nodes tend to cluster with one another. The eignevector centrality is a
measure of the importance of a node in the network and is related to how well connected a particular node is. The closeness centrality is a measure of the
average distance from a given strarting node to all other nodes in the system. The centrality measures are normalized in this table.
References
1. Commision on Audit Special Audits Office, Report No. 2012-03 Government-wide Performance Audit, “Priority
Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) and Various Infrastructures including Local Projects (VILP)”, 2012
2. RM Roxas, G Tapang, “Prose and Poetry Classification and Boundary Detection Using Word Adjacency Network
Analysis”, International Journal of Modern Physics C 21 (04), 503-512
3. JJT Cabatbat, GA Tapang, “Texting Styles and Information Change of SMS Text Messages in Filipino”, International
Journal of Modern Physics C 24 (02)
4. JJT Cabatbat, JP Monsanto, GA Tapang, “Preserved Network Metrics Across Translated Texts,” International Journal of
Modern Physics C (accepted paper 2013)
5. RM Roxas-Villanueva, MK Nambatac, G Tapang, “Characterizing English poetic style using complex networks”,
International Journal of Modern Physics C 23 (02)
6. Gabriel Dominik Sison, “Edge-weight distributions in dense small node co-authorship networks“, BS Thesis, BS Physics,
UP Diliman April 2013
7. Alain Barrat, Marc Barth elemy, and Alessandro Vespignani. Dynamical Processes on Complex Cambridge University
Press, New York, USA, 2008.
8. Hua Wang and Barry Wellman. Social connectivity in america: changes in adult friendship network size from 2002 to
2007. American Behavioral Scientist, 53(8):1148{1169, 2010.
9. James H Fowler. Connecting the congress: A study of cosponsorship networks. Political Analysis, 14(4):456-487, 2006.
10. Yan Zhang, AJ Friend, Amanda L Traud, Mason A Porter, James H Fowler, and Peter J Mucha. Community structure in
congressional cosponsorship networks. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 387(7):1705{1712, 2008.
11. Bastian M., Heymann S., Jacomy M. (2009). Gephi: an open source software for exploring and manipulating networks.
International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media.
About the authors
Pamela Anne Pasion is a fourth-year BS Applied Physics student at the National Institute of Physics working on
translations and network analysis. Gabriel Dominik Sison has finished his BS Physics degree in 2013 with an award for
Best BS Thesis on his work “Edge-weight distributions in dense small node co-authorship networks“. Dr. Giovanni Tapang
is an Associate Professor at the National Institute of Physics and is also the chairperson of the scientist group AGHAM-
Advocates of Science and Technology for the People. He can be reached at gtapang@nip.upd.edu.ph