Abstract. Model transformation techniques typically operate under the
assumption that models do not contain uncertainty. In the presence of
uncertainty, this forces modelers to either postpone working or to arti-
ficially remove it, with negative impacts on software cost and quality.
Instead, we propose a technique to adapt existing model transforma-
tions so that they can be applied to models even if they contain un-
certainty, thus enabling the use of transformations earlier. Building on
earlier work, we show how to adapt graph rewrite-based model transfor-
mations to correctly operate on May uncertainty, a technique that allows
explicit uncertainty to be expressed in any modeling language. We eval-
uate our approach on the classic Object-Relational Mapping use case,
experimenting with models of varying levels of uncertainty.
In this session you will learn:
Deep dive into coding OOP with Java… with practical examples.
How to create a class
How to create objects
How to create instance variables
How to create class variables
Constructors
For more information: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/software-development/become-a-java-developer-hands-on-training/
In this session you will learn:
Deep dive into coding OOP with Java… with practical examples.
How to create a class
How to create objects
How to create instance variables
How to create class variables
Constructors
For more information: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/software-development/become-a-java-developer-hands-on-training/
Using Developer Conversations to Resolve Uncertainty in Software Development:...Michalis Famelis
Presented at RSSE'14 at ICSE'14 in Hyderabad, India.
Authors:
Ahmed Shah Mashiyat, Michalis Famelis, Rick Salay, Marsha Chechik
Absract:
Software development is a social process: tasks such as implementing a requirement or fixing a bug typically spark conversations between the stakeholders of a software project, where they identify points of uncertainty in the solution space and explore proposals to resolve them. Due to the fluid nature of these interactions, it is hard for project managers
to maintain an overall understanding of the state of the discussion and to know
when and how to intervene. We propose an approach for extracting the uncertainty information from developer conversations in order to provide managers with analytics.
Using these allows us to recommend specific actions that managers can take to
better facilitate the resolution of uncertainty.
The slides describe some of the aspects of developing a new Epsilon EMC driver. They cover the basics required to implement the IModel interface, follow with some additional details that can be added to the implementation and then provide a small introduction to providing optimized execution of first-order operations on collections.
Chapter 5:Understanding Variable Scope and Class ConstructionIt Academy
Exam Objective 4.2 Given an algorithm as pseudo-code, determine the correct scope for a variable used in the algorithm and develop code to declare variables in any of the following scopes: instance variable, method parameter, and local variable.
Std 12 computer chapter 8 classes and objects in java important MCQsNuzhat Memon
Std 12 Computer Chapter 8 Classes and Objects in Java important MCQs
Std 12 Computer MCQs
Computer std 12 mcq ch 8
computer std 12 ch 8 mcq
std 12 important mcq
chapter 8 Classes and Object in Java
creating a class in java
creating an object in java
constructor in java
inheritance in java
polymorphism in java
method overloading and method overridden
Specifying function specializations over an arbitrary set of type constraints is a daunting task in C++ as soon as those constraints become more and more complex and/or grow in number. Various idioms are traditionally used to solve this problem: SFINAE or Tag Dispatching for example.
This talk introduces Boost.Dispatch, an infrastructure library that make Tag Dispatching easier to use and maintain by providing a protocol to define Tags and relationship between them, to map an arbitrary set of tags to a given function implementation and to extend said list of specialization in an open, modular way. The main new asset of Boost.Dispatch is the ability to use categorization of function properties and/or architectural information to guide the dispatch in addition to the more traditional use of type properties.
The talk will quickly brushes a picture of what SFINAE, overloading and Tag Dispatching mean in C++ and what are their limitations. We’ll introduce Boost.Dispatch over some examples ranging from simple library design to actual high performance computing code using the library to select best implementation of a function based on non-trivial architecture dependent information. Then we’ll dive into the implementation of the library and try to sketches the upcoming challenges yet to be solved.
All based on Zybooks = AP Java with zylabsPlease answer all questi.pdfdeepakarora871
All based on Zybooks = AP Java with zylabs
Please answer all questions - no explanation of answers needed
QUESTION 1
char[][] table = new char[10][5];
How many rows are in the array seen in the accompanying figure?
0
5
10
15
QUESTION 2
The standard output object in Java is ____.
output
System.out
Sys.out
System.in
QUESTION 3
The length of the string \"first java program\" is:
16
18
19
20
1 points
QUESTION 4
The loop condition of a while loop is reevaluated before every iteration of the loop.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 5
If str1 is “Hello” and str2 is “Hi”, which of the following could not be a result of
str1.compareTo(str2);?
-9
-5
-1
1
1 points
QUESTION 6
Both System.out.println and System.out.print can be used to output a string on the standard
output device.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 7
In a method call statement, when passing an array as an actual parameter, you use only its name.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 8
Which of the following is true about a while loop?
The body of the loop is executed at least once.
The logical expression controlling the loop is evaluated before the loop is entered and after the
loop exists.
The body of the loop may not execute at all.
It is a post-test loop
1 points
QUESTION 9
int x, y;
if (x < 4)
y = 2;
else if (x > 4)
{
if (x > 7)
y = 4;
else
y = 6;
}
else
y = 8;
Based on the code above, what is the value of y if x = 9?
2
4
6
8
1 points
QUESTION 10
The array index can be any nonnegative integer less than the array size.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 11
When a program executes, the first statement to execute is always the first statement in the main
method.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 12
Java stores two-dimensional arrays in a row order form in computer memory.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 13
The statement dataType[][][] arrayName; would declare a two-dimensional array.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 14
All the methods defined in a class must have different names.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 15
Which of the following is NOT a reserved word in Java?
double
throws
static
num
1 points
QUESTION 16
Given the declaration
int[] list = new int[50];
the statement
System.out.println(list[0] + \"...\" + list[49]);
outputs all 50 components of the array list.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 17
In the case of an infinite while loop, the while expression (that is, the loop condition) is always
true.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 18
Consider the following program.
public class CircleArea
{
static Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in);
static final double PI = 3.14;
public static void main(String[]args)
{
doubler;
double area;
r = console.nextDouble();
area = PI * r * r;
System.out.println(\"Area = \" + area);
}
}
To successfully compile this program, which of the following import statement is required?
import java.io.Scanner;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.lang.Scanner;
No import statement is required
1 points
QUESTION 19
An identifier can be any sequence of characters and integers.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 20
A .
Explicating and Reasoning with Model Uncertainty by Marsha Chechik (ECMFA'14 ...Jordi Cabot
Slides of Marsha Chechik´s Keynote at the European Conference on Modelling Foundations and Applications 2014.
Marsha´s webpage: http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~chechik/
ECMFA webpage: http://ecmfa2014.lcc.uma.es/
Question 1 1 pts Skip to question text.As part of a bank account.docxamrit47
Question 1 1 pts Skip to question text.
As part of a bank account implementation, there is an account class and a checking account class. These two classes should be related by:
polymorphism
abstract classes
both composition and inheritance
inheritance
composition
Flag this Question
Question 2 1 pts
When using OOP, which of the following terms refers to a mechanism for a behavior, basically how it’s implemented?
composition
inheritance
polymorphism
dynamic binding
Flag this Question
Question 3 1 pts
To access an element in an Array object,
Use the ArrayList's get() method.
Use the ArrayList's element() method.
Individual elements in an ArrayList can’t be accessed without doing a sequential query getSequential(), returning every element up to and including the element requested.
Use square brackets around an index value.
Flag this Question
Question 4 1 pts
To access an element in an ArrayList object,
Use square brackets around an index value.
Use the ArrayList element() method.
Use the ArrayList get() method.
Individual elements in an ArrayList can’t be accessed without doing a sequential query getSequential(), returning every element up to and including the element requested.
Flag this Question
Question 5 1 pts
What term below is defined as a message that tells the program that something has happened?
an interaction
a listener
an action
an event
Flag this Question
Question 6 1 pts
Which item below is defined as an object?
A String
An Array
All of the above
An ArrayList
Flag this Question
Question 7 1 pts
When a text-box-enter event occurs, which method and parameter are required to handle this type of action? (1 point)
actionEvent with an actionperformed parameter
actionListener with an interfaceID parameter
windowListener with an eventID parameter
actionPerformed with an actionEvent parameter
Flag this Question
Question 8 1 pts
Which class includes the setTitle and setSize methods?
JFrame
JWindow
JBox
JOptionpane
Flag this Question
Question 9 1 pts
Before utilizing the binary search method, __________ must be done to the array?
indexing
splitting
sorting
importing
Flag this Question
Question 10 1 pts
Which layout manager implements a one-compartment layout scheme?
GridlessLayout
GridBagLayout
GridLayout
FlowLayout
BorderLayout
Flag this Question
Question 11 1 pts
What is the default layout manager for a JFrame window?
GridBagLayout
GridLayout
FlowLayout
GridlessLayout
BorderLayout
Flag this Question
Question 12 1 pts
To call the superclass constructor, super() must be the first line in a constructor.
True
False
Flag this Question
Question 13 1 pts
Method overriding is when a method has the same name, same sequence of parameter types, and the same return type as a method in a superclass.
True
False
Flag this Question
Question 14 1 pts
Type casting, also known as promotion is ...
Using Developer Conversations to Resolve Uncertainty in Software Development:...Michalis Famelis
Presented at RSSE'14 at ICSE'14 in Hyderabad, India.
Authors:
Ahmed Shah Mashiyat, Michalis Famelis, Rick Salay, Marsha Chechik
Absract:
Software development is a social process: tasks such as implementing a requirement or fixing a bug typically spark conversations between the stakeholders of a software project, where they identify points of uncertainty in the solution space and explore proposals to resolve them. Due to the fluid nature of these interactions, it is hard for project managers
to maintain an overall understanding of the state of the discussion and to know
when and how to intervene. We propose an approach for extracting the uncertainty information from developer conversations in order to provide managers with analytics.
Using these allows us to recommend specific actions that managers can take to
better facilitate the resolution of uncertainty.
The slides describe some of the aspects of developing a new Epsilon EMC driver. They cover the basics required to implement the IModel interface, follow with some additional details that can be added to the implementation and then provide a small introduction to providing optimized execution of first-order operations on collections.
Chapter 5:Understanding Variable Scope and Class ConstructionIt Academy
Exam Objective 4.2 Given an algorithm as pseudo-code, determine the correct scope for a variable used in the algorithm and develop code to declare variables in any of the following scopes: instance variable, method parameter, and local variable.
Std 12 computer chapter 8 classes and objects in java important MCQsNuzhat Memon
Std 12 Computer Chapter 8 Classes and Objects in Java important MCQs
Std 12 Computer MCQs
Computer std 12 mcq ch 8
computer std 12 ch 8 mcq
std 12 important mcq
chapter 8 Classes and Object in Java
creating a class in java
creating an object in java
constructor in java
inheritance in java
polymorphism in java
method overloading and method overridden
Specifying function specializations over an arbitrary set of type constraints is a daunting task in C++ as soon as those constraints become more and more complex and/or grow in number. Various idioms are traditionally used to solve this problem: SFINAE or Tag Dispatching for example.
This talk introduces Boost.Dispatch, an infrastructure library that make Tag Dispatching easier to use and maintain by providing a protocol to define Tags and relationship between them, to map an arbitrary set of tags to a given function implementation and to extend said list of specialization in an open, modular way. The main new asset of Boost.Dispatch is the ability to use categorization of function properties and/or architectural information to guide the dispatch in addition to the more traditional use of type properties.
The talk will quickly brushes a picture of what SFINAE, overloading and Tag Dispatching mean in C++ and what are their limitations. We’ll introduce Boost.Dispatch over some examples ranging from simple library design to actual high performance computing code using the library to select best implementation of a function based on non-trivial architecture dependent information. Then we’ll dive into the implementation of the library and try to sketches the upcoming challenges yet to be solved.
All based on Zybooks = AP Java with zylabsPlease answer all questi.pdfdeepakarora871
All based on Zybooks = AP Java with zylabs
Please answer all questions - no explanation of answers needed
QUESTION 1
char[][] table = new char[10][5];
How many rows are in the array seen in the accompanying figure?
0
5
10
15
QUESTION 2
The standard output object in Java is ____.
output
System.out
Sys.out
System.in
QUESTION 3
The length of the string \"first java program\" is:
16
18
19
20
1 points
QUESTION 4
The loop condition of a while loop is reevaluated before every iteration of the loop.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 5
If str1 is “Hello” and str2 is “Hi”, which of the following could not be a result of
str1.compareTo(str2);?
-9
-5
-1
1
1 points
QUESTION 6
Both System.out.println and System.out.print can be used to output a string on the standard
output device.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 7
In a method call statement, when passing an array as an actual parameter, you use only its name.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 8
Which of the following is true about a while loop?
The body of the loop is executed at least once.
The logical expression controlling the loop is evaluated before the loop is entered and after the
loop exists.
The body of the loop may not execute at all.
It is a post-test loop
1 points
QUESTION 9
int x, y;
if (x < 4)
y = 2;
else if (x > 4)
{
if (x > 7)
y = 4;
else
y = 6;
}
else
y = 8;
Based on the code above, what is the value of y if x = 9?
2
4
6
8
1 points
QUESTION 10
The array index can be any nonnegative integer less than the array size.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 11
When a program executes, the first statement to execute is always the first statement in the main
method.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 12
Java stores two-dimensional arrays in a row order form in computer memory.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 13
The statement dataType[][][] arrayName; would declare a two-dimensional array.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 14
All the methods defined in a class must have different names.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 15
Which of the following is NOT a reserved word in Java?
double
throws
static
num
1 points
QUESTION 16
Given the declaration
int[] list = new int[50];
the statement
System.out.println(list[0] + \"...\" + list[49]);
outputs all 50 components of the array list.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 17
In the case of an infinite while loop, the while expression (that is, the loop condition) is always
true.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 18
Consider the following program.
public class CircleArea
{
static Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in);
static final double PI = 3.14;
public static void main(String[]args)
{
doubler;
double area;
r = console.nextDouble();
area = PI * r * r;
System.out.println(\"Area = \" + area);
}
}
To successfully compile this program, which of the following import statement is required?
import java.io.Scanner;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.lang.Scanner;
No import statement is required
1 points
QUESTION 19
An identifier can be any sequence of characters and integers.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 20
A .
Explicating and Reasoning with Model Uncertainty by Marsha Chechik (ECMFA'14 ...Jordi Cabot
Slides of Marsha Chechik´s Keynote at the European Conference on Modelling Foundations and Applications 2014.
Marsha´s webpage: http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~chechik/
ECMFA webpage: http://ecmfa2014.lcc.uma.es/
Question 1 1 pts Skip to question text.As part of a bank account.docxamrit47
Question 1 1 pts Skip to question text.
As part of a bank account implementation, there is an account class and a checking account class. These two classes should be related by:
polymorphism
abstract classes
both composition and inheritance
inheritance
composition
Flag this Question
Question 2 1 pts
When using OOP, which of the following terms refers to a mechanism for a behavior, basically how it’s implemented?
composition
inheritance
polymorphism
dynamic binding
Flag this Question
Question 3 1 pts
To access an element in an Array object,
Use the ArrayList's get() method.
Use the ArrayList's element() method.
Individual elements in an ArrayList can’t be accessed without doing a sequential query getSequential(), returning every element up to and including the element requested.
Use square brackets around an index value.
Flag this Question
Question 4 1 pts
To access an element in an ArrayList object,
Use square brackets around an index value.
Use the ArrayList element() method.
Use the ArrayList get() method.
Individual elements in an ArrayList can’t be accessed without doing a sequential query getSequential(), returning every element up to and including the element requested.
Flag this Question
Question 5 1 pts
What term below is defined as a message that tells the program that something has happened?
an interaction
a listener
an action
an event
Flag this Question
Question 6 1 pts
Which item below is defined as an object?
A String
An Array
All of the above
An ArrayList
Flag this Question
Question 7 1 pts
When a text-box-enter event occurs, which method and parameter are required to handle this type of action? (1 point)
actionEvent with an actionperformed parameter
actionListener with an interfaceID parameter
windowListener with an eventID parameter
actionPerformed with an actionEvent parameter
Flag this Question
Question 8 1 pts
Which class includes the setTitle and setSize methods?
JFrame
JWindow
JBox
JOptionpane
Flag this Question
Question 9 1 pts
Before utilizing the binary search method, __________ must be done to the array?
indexing
splitting
sorting
importing
Flag this Question
Question 10 1 pts
Which layout manager implements a one-compartment layout scheme?
GridlessLayout
GridBagLayout
GridLayout
FlowLayout
BorderLayout
Flag this Question
Question 11 1 pts
What is the default layout manager for a JFrame window?
GridBagLayout
GridLayout
FlowLayout
GridlessLayout
BorderLayout
Flag this Question
Question 12 1 pts
To call the superclass constructor, super() must be the first line in a constructor.
True
False
Flag this Question
Question 13 1 pts
Method overriding is when a method has the same name, same sequence of parameter types, and the same return type as a method in a superclass.
True
False
Flag this Question
Question 14 1 pts
Type casting, also known as promotion is ...
Inspired by Josh Bloch's Java Puzzlers, we put together our own Python Puzzlers. This slide deck brings you a set of 10 python puzzlers, that are fun and educational. Each puzzler will show you a piece of python code. Your task if to figure out what happens when the code is run. Whether you're a python beginner or a passionate python veteran, we hope that there's something to learn for everybody.
This slide deck was first presented at shopkick. Nandan Sawant and Ryan Rueth are engineers at shopkick. Keeping the audience in mind, most of the puzzlers are based on python 2.x.
Just Click on Below Link To Download This Course:
https://www.devrycoursehelp.com/product/devry-cis-247-full-course-latest/
The Object-Oriented Paradigm supports abstractions through Classes. Classes are software-programming abstractions; they encapsulate a set of related attributes (data members) and behaviors (methods) while, at the same time, they hide essential details from their users.
Hlutbundin forritun er öflug leið til að búa til hugbúnað. Hins vegar er auðvelt að gleyma eiginleikum hlutbundinna mála. Í þessum fyrri hluta um þetta efni munum við rifja upp hugtök eins og encapsulation, skil og polymorphma. Við munum líka skoða nokkur prinsipp eins og Separtaion of Concern (SoC).
Í þessu fyrirlestri mun ég upplýsa leyndarmál sem aðeins góðir forritarar vita.
Similar to Transformations of Models Containing Uncertainty (20)
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a button
Transformations of Models Containing Uncertainty
1. Michalis Famelis, Rick Salay,
Alessio Di Sandro, Marsha Chechik
University of Toronto
MODELS 2013, Miami Beach, FL
Transformation of Models
Containing Uncertainty
6. Uncertainty in software development
6
Uncertainty about the
content of the model.
Many design alternatives Conflicting stakeholder opinionsIncomplete information
9. Transformations
9
But only too often, Natalie’s models contain uncertainty:
The transformations assume
inputs that don’t contain
uncertainty
Like every
good MBE
practitioner,
Natalie uses
a variety of MTs
12. Transforming Models with Uncertainty
12
Natalie should be able
to use model
transformations
Existing transformation techniques
do not support this!
To apply MTs, Natalie is forced
to artificially remove uncertainty
13. Transforming Models with Uncertainty
13
We need to lift Natalie’s transformations so that
they can apply to models with uncertainty
Existing transformation techniques
do not support this!
Natalie should be able
to use model
transformations
15. Model Transformations With Graph
Rewriting
15
class1
+ attribute : type
class1
- attribute : type
+ getAttribute() :type
class1
class2
Negative
Application
Condition
Left
Hand
Side
Right
Hand
Side
EncapsulateVariable refactoring:
Make fields private and add getter methods
unless they belong to some inner class
Example rule:
27. Representing Uncertainty
Partial Models [ICSE12]
• Points of uncertainty
(“May elements”)
explicated using
syntactic annotations
27
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
Unsure if it
should be an
inner class.
Unsure if we
need this field.
28. Representing Uncertainty
Partial Models [ICSE12]
• Points of uncertainty
(“May elements”)
explicated using
syntactic annotations
Propositional variables:
“the element exists”
28
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
X
Y
30. Representing Uncertainty
Partial Models [ICSE12]
• Points of uncertainty
(“May elements”)
explicated using
syntactic annotations
• Restrictions to the set
of concretizations can
be captured in the
“May formula”
30
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
X
Y
X v Y
31. Representing Uncertainty
31
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
X
Y
Solver
SolverException
Solver
SolverException
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
x=F, y=F x=T, y=F
x=F, y=T x=T, y=T
X v Y
33. Transforming Models With Uncertainty
33
Natalie wants to apply
the rule to an input
with uncertainty
34. Why Is It Hard?
34
Solver SolverException
+ effect : String
class1
+ attribute : type
class1
- attribute : type
+ getAttribute() :type
class1
class2
RHSLHSNAC
X
Y
X v Y
35. Why Is It Hard?
35
Solver SolverException
+ effect : String
class1
+ attribute : type
class1
- attribute : type
+ getAttribute() :type
class1
class2
RHSLHSNAC
Match???
X
Y
X v Y
36. Why Is It Hard?
36
Solver SolverException
+ effect : String
class1
+ attribute : type
class1
- attribute : type
+ getAttribute() :type
class1
class2
RHSLHSNAC
Match???
X
Y
X v Y
37. Why Is It Hard?
37
Solver SolverException
+ effect : String
class1
+ attribute : type
class1
- attribute : type
+ getAttribute() :type
class1
class2
RHSLHSNAC
Should we delete?
Should
we add?
X
Y
X v Y
38. Why Is It Hard?
38
Solver SolverException
+ effect : String
class1
+ attribute : type
class1
- attribute : type
+ getAttribute() :type
class1
class2
RHSLHSNAC
Existing transformation
techniques cannot be used.
X
Y
X v Y
39. Intuition
39
class1
+ attribute : type
class1
- attribute : type
+ getAttribute():type
class1
class2
RHSLHSNAC
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
X
Y
X v Y
?
(And definition of
correctness)
42. Intuition
42
class1
+ attribute : type
class1
- attribute : type
+ getAttribute():type
class1
class2
RHSLHSNAC
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
Solver
SolverException
( X∧ ¬Y ∧ ¬a ∧ ¬b) v
(¬X∧ Y ∧ ¬a ∧ b) v
( X∧ Y ∧ a ∧ ¬b)
Solver
SolverException
+ - effect : String
+getEffect() : String
X
Ya
b
(And definition of
correctness)
43. Intuition
43
class1
+ attribute : type
class1
- attribute : type
+ getAttribute():type
class1
class2
RHSLHSNAC
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
X
Y
X v Y
( X∧ ¬Y ∧ ¬a ∧ ¬b) v
(¬X∧ Y ∧ ¬a ∧ b) v
( X∧ Y ∧ a ∧ ¬b)
Solver
SolverException
+ - effect : String
+getEffect() : String
X
Ya
b
(And definition of
correctness)
44. Technique
44
class1
+ attribute : type
class1
- attribute : type
+ getAttribute():type
class1
class2
RHSLHSNAC
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
X
Y
X v Y
45. Technique
45
class1
+ attribute : type
class1
- attribute : type
+ getAttribute():type
class1
class2
RHSLHSNAC
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
X
Y
X v Y
(a) Find Match
Step 1:
Determine
applicability
46. Technique
46
class1
+ attribute : type
class1
- attribute : type
+ getAttribute():type
class1
class2
RHSLHSNAC
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
X
Y
X v Y
(a) Find Match
(b) Make sure the
rule applies to
at least one
concretization
(requires solving
a SAT problem)
Step 1:
Determine
applicability
47. Technique
47
class1
+ attribute : type
class1
- attribute : type
+ getAttribute():type
class1
class2
RHSLHSNAC
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
X
Y
X v Y
Solver
X
Step 1:
Determine
applicability
Step 2:
Transform graph
SolverException
+ effect : String
Y
(a) Copy over unchanged
parts
48. Technique
48
class1
+ attribute : type
class1
- attribute : type
+ getAttribute():type
class1
class2
RHSLHSNAC
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
X
Y
X v Y
Solver
SolverException
+ - effect : String
+getEffect() : String
X
Ya
b
Step 1:
Determine
applicability
Step 2:
Transform graph
(a) Copy over unchanged
parts
(b) Perform additions and
deletions
Added and deleted
elements become Maybe
49. Technique
49
class1
+ attribute : type
class1
- attribute : type
+ getAttribute():type
class1
class2
RHSLHSNAC
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
X
Y
X v Y
Step 1:
Determine
applicability
Step 2:
Transform graph
Step 3:
Transform formula
( X∧ ¬Y ∧ ¬a ∧ ¬b) v
(¬X∧ Y ∧ ¬a ∧ b) v
( X∧ Y ∧ a ∧ ¬b)
Solver
SolverException
+ - effect : String
+getEffect() : String
X
Ya
b
Constrain Maybe elements
to ensure each that
concretization
is correctly affected.
50. Overview
50
class1
+ attribute : type
class1
- attribute : type
+ getAttribute():type
class1
class2
RHSLHSNAC
Solver
SolverException
+ effect : String
X
Y
X v Y
( X∧ ¬Y ∧ ¬a ∧ ¬b) v
(¬X∧ Y ∧ ¬a ∧ b) v
( X∧ Y ∧ a ∧ ¬b)
Solver
SolverException
+ - effect : String
+getEffect() : String
X
Ya
b
Step 1:
Determine
applicability
Step 2:
Transform graph
Step 3:
Transform formula
51. Analysis
In the paper:
• Proof of correctness
• The lifting algorithm implements
our intuition
• Proofs of preservation of properties:
1. Confluence
The result of applying a set of rules to a model is the same regardless of
the order of application or the order of matching sites.
2. Termination
Repeated applications will reach a point where the rule will no longer be
applicable.
51
53. Tool Support
• Reuse partial model implementation in MMTF
(Eclipse / EMF)
• Algorithm implementation
1. Determine rule applicability
• Henshin and the Z3 SMT solver
2. Transform the graph
• Henshin
3. Transform the formula
• Java (Z3 input strings)
53
MMTF
54. Case Study
• Object–relational mapping (ORM)
• “Translate a class diagram to a relational database
schema.”
• Classic benchmark for model
transformation research
• Triple graph grammar with 5 layered graph rules [Varro06]
54
(Image from [Varro06])
55. Case Study
• Input model: the Ecore metamodel
• ORM for Ecore is important: cf. CDO and Teneo
• Manually flattened inheritance hierarchy and adapted to the
metamodel in [Varro06]
• Resulting model had 65 model elements:
• 17 classes, 17 associations, 6 generalization links, 25 attributes
• Manually injected points of uncertainty to create partial models
with increasing numbers of concretizations
55
56. Setup And Results
• RQ: How does lifting scale with increasing uncertainty?
• Varied: number of concretizations of input
• Measured: time to complete the ORM transformation
• Ran on Intel Core i7-2600 3.40GHz×4core, 8GB RAM, Ubuntu-64 12.10.
• Runtime does not increase dramatically. Approach scales.
56
# concretizations 1 24 48 108 144 192 256
Time (seconds) 32.6 32.8 32.7 32.9 32.6 33.0 48.4
57. Summary
57
Decision deferral in the
presence of uncertainty
Existing techniques
cannot handle uncertainty
Explicit uncertainty modeling
with Partial Models
Syntactic annotations and
May formula
Transform Partial Models
1. Determine applicability
2. Transform graph
3. Transform formula
Approach scales for
increasing levels of
uncertainty
Tool
Support
Empirical
Evaluation
Case Study:
Object-relational
mapping for the
Ecore metamodel
58. Next Steps
• Implement lifted semantics as a higher-order
transformation (HOT)
• Given a graph rewrite rule, produce a grammar that
implements the lifted semantics
• Benefit: out of the box reuse of existing graph
transformation tools (Henshin, AGG, etc.)
• Expand lifting for other types of model
uncertainty, based on the rich MAVO framework
[FASE12]
58
60. Bibliography
[ICSE12] M. Famelis, M. Chechik, and R. Salay. “Partial Models:
Towards Modeling and Reasoning with Uncertainty”. In Proc. of
ICSE’12, 2012.
[Varro06] D. Varro, S. Varro-Gyapay, H. Ehrig, U. Prange, and G.
Taentzer. “Termination Analysis of Model Transformations by Petri
Nets”. In Proc. of ICGT’06, pages 260–274, 2006.
[FASE12] R. Salay, M. Famelis, and M. Chechik. “Language
Independent Refinement using Partial Modeling”. In Proc. of FASE’12,
2012.
60
Editor's Notes
1)Make a bigger point about the fact that we reuse EXISTING transformations without users needing to change anything“We can use all the nice things that you guys developed”Square to triangle transformation, what if you give it a squiggly squares? You should get squiggly triangles. Or transformation that cuts stuff in half, so squiggly total becomes squiggly halfSquiggly red to squiggly yellow.(think keynote yellow)TALK about “lifting” early: it is preservation of squigglyness
Begin without may formula; add complexityStart with may elementsegattrs is or notBUT this is too general, I need to constraint so bring in the may formula
Begin without may formula; add complexityStart with may elementsegattrs is or notBUT this is too general, I need to constraint so bring in the may formula
Begin without may formula; add complexityStart with may elementsegattrs is or notBUT this is too general, I need to constraint so bring in the may formula
Begin without may formula; add complexityStart with may elementsegattrs is or notBUT this is too general, I need to constraint so bring in the may formula
Begin without may formula; add complexityStart with may elementsegattrs is or notBUT this is too general, I need to constraint so bring in the may formula