A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know that you can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web. You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.

1. ICT
Parts of a Computer

2. Activity 1. Write the down functions

3. Case or chassis
Function: Protects and houses the computer’s
internal components, including the motherboard,
hard drives, and expansion cards.
Design Importance: Cases come in various sizes and
designs to accommodate different types of
motherboards and cooling systems. Effective design is
crucial for maintaining optimal airflow and cooling,
which are essential for the reliable operation of
internal components.

4. Physical Size and Compatibility
• Mid Tower: Typically stands
around 18 inches (45 cm) in
height. Supports ATX or smaller
motherboards, making it a
versatile choice for most users.
• Full Tower: Often measures 22
inches (55 cm) or taller. Capable of
housing larger ATX, E-ATX, and
even larger motherboards,
providing ample space for
extensive setups.

5. 3. Small Form Factor (Mini-ITX Case)
• smallest computer case size
• Home Theater PC-small form factor case, makes them a great fit for
most TV shelves and closets.
• A Mini-ITX case also makes a lot of sense for basic users with limited
space. Whether you're working in a small office or living in a cramped
apartment.
• light enough( semi portable) to be carried around. A typical small
form factor PC weighs around 4 to 7 kg (when fully loaded), making it
an appealing choice for people who need to move often

6. 4. Full Tower (EATX Case)
Full Tower
Most mid towers can't hold anything larger than a standard ATX
motherboard
The server motherboards can get quite massive to accommodate a
extra RAM slots
Overclocking - Pushing the limits of your computer requires a lot of
cooling, and proper cooling equipment can take up a lot of space. 230
mm case fans, dual tower heat sinks, triple radiators. What's more,
larger computer case size = higher air volume = better ventilation and
heat dissipation.
Hardcore Gaming - For some, playing the latest games with relative
smoothness isn't enough - They demand 4K resolution gaming...with
ultra settings...on a triple monitor setup.

7. Motherboard
.
• Function: The main circuit board that connects all components,
allowing them to communicate with each other. It provides the
foundation for the CPU, RAM, and other peripherals to function
harmoniously.
Connectivity and Expansion: Features slots for RAM, CPU, GPUs,
and other expansion cards. The quality and layout of a
motherboard determine the system’s stability and expansion
capabilities

8. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Function: Acts as the brain of the computer, processing
instructions and controlling the operations of other
components.
• Complexity and Performance: Modern CPUs are complex
microprocessors that perform millions of calculations per
second. The number of cores and clock speed are critical
determinants of how efficiently a computer can perform
multiple tasks simultaneously.

9. Random Access Memory (RAM
• Function: Serves as the computer’s short-term memory,
temporarily storing data that the CPU needs quick access to
while performing tasks.
• Impact on Performance: More RAM allows a computer to
handle more applications simultaneously and improves
overall system responsiveness. Speed and capacity impact
how effectively applications run.

10. Graphics Card or Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
• Function: Manages and enhances video and graphics performance,
which is especially important in gaming, video editing, and other
graphics-intensive applications.
• Types: Differentiates between integrated GPUs, which are suitable for
basic tasks, and dedicated GPUs, which provide additional processing
power for advanced visual computing

11. 6. Storage Devices: Hard Disk Drives (HDD) and Solid-State Drives (SSD)
• Function: Permanently store software, documents, and other files.
HDDs use mechanical platters and a moving read/write head to access
data, while SSDs use non-volatile flash memory.
• Comparison: SSDs are faster and more durable because they contain
no moving parts, thus offering quicker boot times and data access
rates, which significantly enhance computing speeds.

12. Power Supply Unit (PSU)
• Function: Converts the AC power from the wall outlet into the DC
power that the computer components require.
• Considerations: Selecting a PSU with appropriate wattage is crucial for
system stability and to prevent hardware damage. Efficiency ratings
indicate how effectively the PSU uses the power from the outlet.

13. Supporting Components and Their Roles Cooling Systems
• Function: Essential for preventing overheating, which can reduce the
efficiency and lifespan of components.
• Systems: Includes fans and liquid cooling solutions. Proper cooling is
vital for maintaining performance, especially in high-load
environments like gaming or graphic design.

14. Expansion Cards
• Function: Used to add new capabilities or enhance existing ones, such
as better sound handling, additional video output, or improved
network speeds.
• Examples: Common types include sound cards, network cards, and
newer USB cards which provide additional ports.

15. The monitor
• works with a video card, located inside the computer case, to display
images and text on the screen. Most monitors have control buttons
that allow you to change your monitor's display settings, and some
monitors also have built-in speakers.
• Newer monitors usually have LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED (light-
emitting diode) displays. These can be made very thin, and they are
often called flat-panel displays. Older monitors use CRT (cathode ray
tube) displays. CRT monitors are much larger and heavier, and they
take up more desk space.

17. Keyboard
• The keyboard is one of the main ways to communicate with a
computer.

18. mouse
• is another important tool for communicating with computers.
Commonly known as a pointing device, it lets you point to objects on
the screen, click on them, and move them.
• There are two main mouse types: optical and mechanical.
optical mouse uses an electronic eye to detect movement and is easier
to clean.
mechanical mouse uses a rolling ball to detect movement and requires
regular cleaning to work properly.

19. Mouse alternatives
• There are other devices that can do the same thing as a mouse. Many
people find them easier to use, and they also require less desk space than
a traditional mouse. The most common mouse alternatives are below.
• Trackball: A trackball has a ball that can rotate freely. Instead of moving
the device like a mouse, you can roll the ball with your thumb to move the
pointer.
• Touchpad: A touchpad—also called a trackpad—is a touch-sensitive pad
that lets you control the pointer by making a drawing motion with your
finger. Touchpads are common on laptop computers.

20. Track Ball Touch Pad

21. Modern Mouse

22. SRI engineer Bill English built the first Engelbart mouse
prototype, which used knife-edge wheels and had space
for only one button.

23. RKS 100-86 mouse ("Rollkugel")
• The Telefunken Rollkugel may
have been the first rolling-ball
mouse.

24. • Production-run three-button
mouse, serial number 001
• By 1968, SRI had provided Doug
Engelbart with commercially
produced three-button mice to
use in his famous “Mother of all
Demos.

25. • Doug Engelbart recalled, “No
one can remember. It just looked
like a mouse with a tail, and we
all called it that.” The wire “tail”
originally came out under the
user's wrist.

26. A web camera—or webcam
• is a type of input device that can record videos and take pictures. It
can also transmit video over the Internet in real time, which allows for
video chat or video conferencing with someone else. Many webcams
also include a microphone for this reason

27. Lesson 2
• Classification of a Computer
Supercomputer- fastest computer currently Available
Supercomputers are the largest and most powerful computers in the
world. These computers leverage a memory block along with multiple
central processing units grouped into ‘compute nodes’ – sometimes
tens of thousands of nodes (Justin Hotard)
-high level of performance compared to a general-purpose computer.
Performance of a supercomputer is measured in floating-point
operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million instructions per
second (MIPS

28. Lesson 2
• Trends