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米国式教務

(アカデミック・アドバイジング)




2015年06月30日
於:米国大使館
テンプル大学ジャパンキャンパス
アカデミック・アドバイジング・センター
ディレクター 島田敬久
出典:M. トロウ「高度情報社会の大学」(喜多村和之	
 編訳)	
 
高等教育システム
発達段階	
 
エリート型	
  マス型	
 
ユニバーサル・
アクセス型	
 
大学の管理者	
 
アマチュアの
大学人の兼任	
 
専任化した大学人
+
巨大な官僚スタッフ 	
 
管理専門職	
 
全入化時代の大学運営体制:トロウ・モデル
アドバイジング:歴史的背景(Wesley Habrey 1998, ACT)	
 
教員アドバイザー (Faculty Advisor)のみの支援モデル
35% (1980年) 28% (1997年)
専門職アドバイザー	
 (Professional Advisor)を採用した支援
モデル
24% (1980年) 73% (1997年)
NACADA = National Academic Advising Associationの発足	
 http://www.nacada.ksu.edu/ (1979年)
** 全入化(ユニバーサル化)に伴い学生支援に特化した職員の存在が不可欠となった**
アドバイジング:現状(2015年)	
 
アドバイザーというプロフェッション/専門領域は完全に確立
現在は専門領域内でさらに細分化が進む
Ø  Honors Program
Ø  Student Athlete
Ø  Transfer Specialist / First-Year Specialist
Ø  Undeclared / Major Exploration
アドバイザーの果たす役割	
 –	
 大学のニーズは日米共通
大学全入時代の影響
A)  多様化する学生プロファイル
Ø  キャンパスにおける「新世代」
1.  First Generation
2.  Under-Prepared Students
3.  Low-Motivated Students
4.  Students with Disabilities
5.  International Students
Ø  学生の多様化=体系だった支援体制の確立が急務
B)  大学が負うべき責務
Ø  ドロップアウト	
 防止:リテンション(学生残留率)と大学経営
Ø  ステークホルダー(利害共有者)に対する大学としてのサポート義務
TUJでの運営体制(2015年現在)	
 
•  テンプル大学が設置するアドバイジング・オフィスの一つ
(TUJでは唯一)
•  教学担当副学長直轄	
 =	
 特定の学部に属さない中立的ユニット
•  ディレクター1名、専任アドバイザー4名の5名体制
•  高い専門性	
 →	
 修士号必須(全学共通)
•  4学部11専攻(2+2プログラム含む)全ての学生を網羅
•  全てのアドバイザーが全専攻、全学生をカバー可
TUJアドバイジング・オフィスの機能(抜粋)
•  履修指導	
 
•  新入生オリエンテーション	
 
•  卒業要件確認、最終卒業判定	
 
•  編入単位読替審査	
 
•  中間成績評価	
 
•  学内留学プログラム運営(⇔	
 アメリカ本校)	
 
•  単位互換プログラム運営(⇔	
 武蔵、東洋、明治大学)	
 
•  学習/その他の障害がある学生のサポート	
 
•  カリキュラム開発支援/運用	
 
•  各申請審査(教学関連)
学内協働体制(事例)	
 
•  学生サービス部	
 
Ø  新入生オリエンテーション	
 
Ø  学生ビザ	
 
Ø  奨学金	
 /	
 学生ローン	
 
•  就職部	
 
Ø  インターンシップ	
 
•  教員	
 
Ø  編入単位読替審査	
 
Ø  カリキュラム開発
アドバイジングが機能するために(第2部に向けて)	
 
[ソフトウェア]
• 	
 設置・組織モデル
• 	
 人材確保と適正
• キャリアパス設定:スペシャリスト	
 vs ゼネラリスト
[ハードウェア]
•  厳密なGPA (Grade Point Average)
• 	
 コース・ナンバリング
• 	
 学期制:セメスター	
 & クォーター
• 	
 学事暦	
 /	
 開講(授業)計画

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TUJシンポジウム - 第1部 「米国式教務(アカデミック・アドバイジング)」