The document describes qualitative analysis of inorganic salts containing K+, NH4+, Cl-, and Br-. Preliminary tests identified the substance as a white crystalline solid soluble in water, with an ammonia smell. Dry tests included heating, which caused melting, and a violet flame test result. Wet tests identified the positive ions as K+ and NH4+ and the negative ions as Cl- and Br- through reactions with specific reagents and gas tests. The conclusion is that the inorganic salt contains K+, NH4+, Cl- and Br-.

1. INORGANIC QUALITATIVE
ANALYSIS
K+ , Cl- , NH4
+ , Br-

2. (A) Preliminary tests
• State – Crystalline ( indicates the solubility)
• Colour - White (The colour tells us about the
possible cations present –Na+ , K+ ,
NH4
+ etc.
• Smell - smell of NH3
• Solubility in water - soluble in water

3. (B) Dry Tests
• Heating in a dry test tube
1) Substance melts
2) Decrepitation
3) Water deposits on
cooler parts of test tube
4) Sublimation with smell of NH3
5) colour change white to white
• Flame test Violet, Crimson through cobalt glass
• Borax bead test As the substance is white in
colour it is not applicable .

4. Test for NH4
+
• Addition of NaOH to the mixture
Heat
Smell of NH3
White fumes observed
with HCl on glass rod
• Test with Conc. HCl For coloured mixtures.
• Test with dil. HCl No observation

5. Mixture with Conc. H2SO4
• On Heating
(i) Colourless pungent gas
Gives white fumes with glass rod dipped in NH4OH
(ii) Pale reddish brown gas
Turns starch paper yellow
• On heating with MnO2
(i) Greenish yellow gas initially
(ii) Later brown gas evolves
Turns starch paper yellow.
• On heating with Cu Foil
No observations

6. Conclusion
K+ , Cl- , NH4
+ , Br-
Water Extract test
Nessler’s Sodium cobalti Picric Conc. Conc. BaCl2 AgNO3
reagent Nitrate Acid H2SO4 H2SO4
+ FeSO4
Reddish Yellow Yellow No Observations Light yellow
ppt on
Brown ppt. Ppt. Ppt. Filtering &
adding AgNO3
again white ppt
NH4
+ K+,NH4
+ K+ NO3
- , NO2
- ,SO4
2- Cl- , Br-
Present present present absent present

7. • NH4
+ salts must be removed by boiling with
NaOH and the alkali must be neutralize by
acetic acid , before performing water extract
test of K+ .
• Take 10-15 mg. of mixture and prepare a
solution by adding distill water.
• This is the original solution.

8. Separation of positive radicals

9. Analysis of V group
V-A Group
[Mg(NH4)2PO4
No ppt.
Mg2+ absent V-B group
(Carried by water extract)
W.E.
NaOH Sodium cobalti
Smell of NH3 and white nitrate +
fumes with glass rod acetic acid
dipped in HCl Yellow ppt.
NH4
+ K+

10. Confirmatory test of NH4
+
Water Extract
NaOH Sodium cobalti Nessler’s
nitrate Reagent
Smell of NH3
Turns red litmus Reddish grey
blue Yellow ppt ppt

11. Confirmatory test of K+
Water Extract
• Picric acid Tartaric acid Flame test
yellow ppt white ppt violet
flame

12. Wet tests for negative radicals
Water extract
White ppt which is Light yellow ppt which
Insoluble in HNO3 is partly soluble in
But soluble in NH4OH NH4OH and insoluble
in HNO3
Cl- present Br- present

13. Detection of negative radicals in
presence of each other ( Cl- and Br-)
Aqueous solution of the mixture is taken and boiled with conc.
H2SO4
Bromine vapour evolves
On complete removal of vapours
White ppt. soluble in NH4OH
Indicates presence of Chloride

14. Confirmatory test of Cl-
Should be tested after performing confirmatory of
bromide and then removing bromide.
• W.E. + AgNO3 White ppt. insoluble in
Insoluble in HNO3
But soluble in NH4OH
• Solution + MnO2 Greenish yellow gas
+ Conc. H2SO4 evolved
• Solution Lead White ppt soluble on
Acetate heating

15. Confirmatory test of Br-
• Solution + AgNO3 Light yellow ppt
soluble in excess of
NH4OH
• Solution + MnO2 Reddish brown gas
+ conc. H2SO4 turns starch paper
yellow
• Solution + Lead acetate White ppt.

16. Result
• Positive ion
• K+
• NH4
+
• Negative ion
• Cl-
• Br-