WiPe Paper – Logistics and Supply-Chain Proceedings of the 14th ISCRAM Conference – Albi, France, May 2017 Tina Comes, Frédérick Bénaben, Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds.
http://idl.iscram.org/files/lauralagunasalvado/2017/1510_LauraLagunaSalvado_etal2017.pd
This document analyzes how the Spanish Red Cross responded to the 2010 Haiti earthquake to identify lessons for business. It finds that the Red Cross demonstrated lean and agile principles through its: 1) global, multi-level organizational structure; 2) modularity; 3) standardization; 4) knowledge management; and 5) flexible funding. These attributes enabled it to respond rapidly and efficiently in an unpredictable crisis setting. The document argues that businesses can apply similar principles to improve performance during unexpected challenges.
Literature Review on Humanitarian LogisticsSujoy Bag
Humanitarian logistics involves the planning, implementation, and control of efficient and cost-effective flow of goods and information from origin to consumption point to meet beneficiary needs in disasters. It aims to minimize distribution time and costs while maximizing response. Key challenges include geographical and weather conditions, lack of technology/power in disasters, and need for better coordination between relief agencies. There remains a lack of literature in areas like the "last mile" of relief and overcoming challenges in disaster situations.
Humanitarian aid logistics supply chain management in high gearadam samo
This document summarizes a paper on improving logistics in humanitarian aid organizations through better supply chain management practices. It discusses how humanitarian logistics has traditionally been undervalued but is now recognized as essential given increased scrutiny of aid spending. The paper outlines similarities between humanitarian and private sector supply chains and argues for cross-sector collaboration to improve disaster response logistics. It maintains that operational research can help enhance logistics efficiency and effectiveness in getting relief to those in need.
This document provides a literature review on the concept of horizontal collaboration (HC) in freight transport logistics. It begins with definitions of key concepts like HC, vertical collaboration, and co-opetition. It then reviews initial works on HC from the 1990s and charts its increasing attention in publications. The review is divided into works establishing HC groundworks and those discussing its benefits and challenges. Several benefits of HC are reduced costs, improved service quality, lower environmental impact, reduced risk, and increased market share. Challenges include establishing trust between partners, fair cost/profit sharing, and finding suitable partners. Emerging areas of research are identified as green/sustainable HC and using optimization methods for real-life scenarios with uncertainty.
Compared with general commercial reverse logistics operators, the recovery and treatment of expired drugs and medical waste is a complex and highly technically difficult project. The qualifications required by the relevant service providers are also more stringent. For medical institutions, the selection of reverse logistics operators is always a critical issue. On the perspective of sustainability, this paper aims to investigate and explore the critical factors of selecting a medical reverse logistics service provider. Through the process of the Delphi method, the experts’ assessments were collected, and 24 factors affecting the selection of medical reverse logistics service provider were screened and summarized. Then, Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) was employed to calculate the total influence values and net influence values between factors that could be used to draw the visual causal map. Referring the causal map, “Green process operation level” and “Recycling process greening degree” are significantly higher than other factors in terms of total influence value and net influence value. Therefore, they can be regarded as crucial factors. This finding implies that medical reverse logistics providers must have the ability to improve the greening of facilities, as well as equipment, integrating existing processes to make it greener and environmentally friendly.
Hasselbalch costablecken examining the relationship between barriers and curr...Dr. Paul Davis
The document summarizes a survey examining barriers to sustainable procurement practices within United Nations organizations. The survey received 282 responses from UN procurement practitioners and policymakers. It identified several key barriers that were significantly correlated with the level of sustainable procurement currently implemented. Respondents reported that a lack of demand for sustainable options, lack of performance measurement of sustainability goals, and insufficient procurement tools were the most significant barriers associated with lower levels of sustainable procurement practices. The findings provide insight into challenges faced by large international organizations like the UN in implementing sustainable procurement.
The MIT Global SCALE Network is an international alliance of research centers dedicated to developing and sharing innovations in supply chain and logistics. The network allows faculty, researchers, students, and companies from its six centers worldwide to collaborate on projects to create supply chain solutions with global applications. This report communicates the results of innovative supply chain research conducted by the Global SCALE Network to contribute to public knowledge. It analyzes the supply chain resilience of a fashion retailer through qualitative interviews and quantitative modeling of potential disruptions. It identifies areas for improvement in the retailer's cost-benefit analysis of disruptions, recovery planning, and redesign of recovery processes. Recommendations include developing resilience metrics and contingency plans to allow distribution centers to support each other
1- Introduce your environmental issue and your purpose of analysis.docxmonicafrancis71118
1- Introduce your environmental issue and your purpose of analysis of the impacts the issue has created and what is being done to help this issue (solutions).
2- Develop a background paragraph of the issue - the history of its development, its current situation, and its size and scope.
3- Develop a paragraph for each impact this environmental issue has on the world, explaining the impact and providing evidence of this impact from sources. (3 parghs)
4- Develop an analysis paragraph for each solution that is being used or developed – explaining the solution clearly, and discussing how this will impact the problem, discussing the impact and limitations of the solution.
5- Develop a clear conclusion summarizing your analysis process and insights gleaned from your analysis.
Reporting on long-term value creation by Canadian companies: A
longitudinal assessment
Petra F.A. Dilling a, *, Peter Harris b
a School of Management, New York Institute of Technology, 701 W Georgia St., Vancouver, BC V7Y 1K8, Canada
b School of Management, New York Institute of Technology, 26West 61st Street, New York, NY, NY 10023, USA
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Received 30 August 2017
Received in revised form
21 January 2018
Accepted 27 March 2018
Available online 27 April 2018
Keywords:
Long-term value creation
Integrated reporting
Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
Canadian extractive sector
Sustainability
Stakeholders
a b s t r a c t
In the wake of the global financial crisis, a new wave of stakeholder demands has developed calling on
companies to shift focus towards long-term value creation and moving away from a short-term earnings
emphasis. Aligned with these demands, urgent calls for more transparency and improved reporting on
both financial as well as non-financial reports have been made. The objective of this study was to analyze
longitudinal disclosure quality and quantity trends in reporting on long-term value creation of 19
publicly traded Canadian energy and mining companies. Content analysis was conducted in order to
assess disclosure on long-term value creation in annual financial and sustainability reports. The empirical
results show that the companies experienced a substantial increase in the reporting disclosure quality
and quantity. This was true for both disclosure in the annual financial reports as well as in the sus-
tainability reports. These results supported the hypotheses that Canadian public energy and mining
companies had increased their quantity and quality of long-term value creation disclosure in 2014 as
compared to 2012. Even though increases in disclosure quality could be observed (especially in the areas
of governance, responsible work practices, outside relationships and risk management), overall disclo-
sure quality (especially in areas such as connectivity between financials and sustainability sections,
materiality analysis, projects with high climate risk exposure, cost of energy, responsible work practices,
ince.
This document analyzes how the Spanish Red Cross responded to the 2010 Haiti earthquake to identify lessons for business. It finds that the Red Cross demonstrated lean and agile principles through its: 1) global, multi-level organizational structure; 2) modularity; 3) standardization; 4) knowledge management; and 5) flexible funding. These attributes enabled it to respond rapidly and efficiently in an unpredictable crisis setting. The document argues that businesses can apply similar principles to improve performance during unexpected challenges.
Literature Review on Humanitarian LogisticsSujoy Bag
Humanitarian logistics involves the planning, implementation, and control of efficient and cost-effective flow of goods and information from origin to consumption point to meet beneficiary needs in disasters. It aims to minimize distribution time and costs while maximizing response. Key challenges include geographical and weather conditions, lack of technology/power in disasters, and need for better coordination between relief agencies. There remains a lack of literature in areas like the "last mile" of relief and overcoming challenges in disaster situations.
Humanitarian aid logistics supply chain management in high gearadam samo
This document summarizes a paper on improving logistics in humanitarian aid organizations through better supply chain management practices. It discusses how humanitarian logistics has traditionally been undervalued but is now recognized as essential given increased scrutiny of aid spending. The paper outlines similarities between humanitarian and private sector supply chains and argues for cross-sector collaboration to improve disaster response logistics. It maintains that operational research can help enhance logistics efficiency and effectiveness in getting relief to those in need.
This document provides a literature review on the concept of horizontal collaboration (HC) in freight transport logistics. It begins with definitions of key concepts like HC, vertical collaboration, and co-opetition. It then reviews initial works on HC from the 1990s and charts its increasing attention in publications. The review is divided into works establishing HC groundworks and those discussing its benefits and challenges. Several benefits of HC are reduced costs, improved service quality, lower environmental impact, reduced risk, and increased market share. Challenges include establishing trust between partners, fair cost/profit sharing, and finding suitable partners. Emerging areas of research are identified as green/sustainable HC and using optimization methods for real-life scenarios with uncertainty.
Compared with general commercial reverse logistics operators, the recovery and treatment of expired drugs and medical waste is a complex and highly technically difficult project. The qualifications required by the relevant service providers are also more stringent. For medical institutions, the selection of reverse logistics operators is always a critical issue. On the perspective of sustainability, this paper aims to investigate and explore the critical factors of selecting a medical reverse logistics service provider. Through the process of the Delphi method, the experts’ assessments were collected, and 24 factors affecting the selection of medical reverse logistics service provider were screened and summarized. Then, Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) was employed to calculate the total influence values and net influence values between factors that could be used to draw the visual causal map. Referring the causal map, “Green process operation level” and “Recycling process greening degree” are significantly higher than other factors in terms of total influence value and net influence value. Therefore, they can be regarded as crucial factors. This finding implies that medical reverse logistics providers must have the ability to improve the greening of facilities, as well as equipment, integrating existing processes to make it greener and environmentally friendly.
Hasselbalch costablecken examining the relationship between barriers and curr...Dr. Paul Davis
The document summarizes a survey examining barriers to sustainable procurement practices within United Nations organizations. The survey received 282 responses from UN procurement practitioners and policymakers. It identified several key barriers that were significantly correlated with the level of sustainable procurement currently implemented. Respondents reported that a lack of demand for sustainable options, lack of performance measurement of sustainability goals, and insufficient procurement tools were the most significant barriers associated with lower levels of sustainable procurement practices. The findings provide insight into challenges faced by large international organizations like the UN in implementing sustainable procurement.
The MIT Global SCALE Network is an international alliance of research centers dedicated to developing and sharing innovations in supply chain and logistics. The network allows faculty, researchers, students, and companies from its six centers worldwide to collaborate on projects to create supply chain solutions with global applications. This report communicates the results of innovative supply chain research conducted by the Global SCALE Network to contribute to public knowledge. It analyzes the supply chain resilience of a fashion retailer through qualitative interviews and quantitative modeling of potential disruptions. It identifies areas for improvement in the retailer's cost-benefit analysis of disruptions, recovery planning, and redesign of recovery processes. Recommendations include developing resilience metrics and contingency plans to allow distribution centers to support each other
1- Introduce your environmental issue and your purpose of analysis.docxmonicafrancis71118
1- Introduce your environmental issue and your purpose of analysis of the impacts the issue has created and what is being done to help this issue (solutions).
2- Develop a background paragraph of the issue - the history of its development, its current situation, and its size and scope.
3- Develop a paragraph for each impact this environmental issue has on the world, explaining the impact and providing evidence of this impact from sources. (3 parghs)
4- Develop an analysis paragraph for each solution that is being used or developed – explaining the solution clearly, and discussing how this will impact the problem, discussing the impact and limitations of the solution.
5- Develop a clear conclusion summarizing your analysis process and insights gleaned from your analysis.
Reporting on long-term value creation by Canadian companies: A
longitudinal assessment
Petra F.A. Dilling a, *, Peter Harris b
a School of Management, New York Institute of Technology, 701 W Georgia St., Vancouver, BC V7Y 1K8, Canada
b School of Management, New York Institute of Technology, 26West 61st Street, New York, NY, NY 10023, USA
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Received 30 August 2017
Received in revised form
21 January 2018
Accepted 27 March 2018
Available online 27 April 2018
Keywords:
Long-term value creation
Integrated reporting
Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
Canadian extractive sector
Sustainability
Stakeholders
a b s t r a c t
In the wake of the global financial crisis, a new wave of stakeholder demands has developed calling on
companies to shift focus towards long-term value creation and moving away from a short-term earnings
emphasis. Aligned with these demands, urgent calls for more transparency and improved reporting on
both financial as well as non-financial reports have been made. The objective of this study was to analyze
longitudinal disclosure quality and quantity trends in reporting on long-term value creation of 19
publicly traded Canadian energy and mining companies. Content analysis was conducted in order to
assess disclosure on long-term value creation in annual financial and sustainability reports. The empirical
results show that the companies experienced a substantial increase in the reporting disclosure quality
and quantity. This was true for both disclosure in the annual financial reports as well as in the sus-
tainability reports. These results supported the hypotheses that Canadian public energy and mining
companies had increased their quantity and quality of long-term value creation disclosure in 2014 as
compared to 2012. Even though increases in disclosure quality could be observed (especially in the areas
of governance, responsible work practices, outside relationships and risk management), overall disclo-
sure quality (especially in areas such as connectivity between financials and sustainability sections,
materiality analysis, projects with high climate risk exposure, cost of energy, responsible work practices,
ince.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
In this issue of Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management
(JOSCM), we bring to you the outcomes of our special issue on Advances in
Supply Chain and Logistics Management for a more Sustainable Society. This
special issue is edited by Ernesto DR Santibanez Gonzalez (Universidad de
Talca, Chile), and Charbel José Chiappetta Jabbour (University of Stirling,
UK). In the introduction of the special issue, the editors describe the
importance of the theme and the topics covered. In addition to the papers of
the special issue, JOSCM also presents two papers on logistics and purchasing
from our continuous flow.
This document discusses frameworks and indices for assessing sustainability. It begins by introducing common types of sustainability assessment tools, focusing on indicators and indices. It then outlines several widely-used sustainability frameworks, including the Triple Bottom Line framework and pressure-state-response model. Next, it describes the process for constructing sustainability indices, including selecting indicators, standardizing data, assigning weights, and aggregating the results. It notes that indicator selection and weighting are often inconsistent due to a lack of standardized requirements. Finally, it argues that sustainability frameworks can effectively guide indicator selection for both standalone indicators and composite indices.
The document discusses education for sustainability in Romania. It finds that:
1) Students have minimal knowledge of sustainability concepts and principles. Few subjects related to the environment and social practices are covered in curriculums.
2) Companies generally understand sustainability and implement related standards and actions, but reporting is not always standardized.
3) More needs to be done to improve education for sustainability at universities and its adoption in business to help Romania progress on global sustainability goals.
Education for Sustainability: current status, prospects, and directionsRissarias Rissaria
The document discusses education for sustainability in higher education in Romania. It aims to assess the current level of education for sustainable development (ESD) and understandings of sustainability among students and businesses. A survey was conducted of students to evaluate their knowledge of sustainability concepts. A separate survey of businesses aimed to understand their involvement in sustainable practices. The research seeks to identify how human resources and companies understand and apply sustainability principles and where further development is needed regarding ESD.
The document summarizes a study on the business operations of Laur Transport Service Cooperative amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to describe the cooperative's operational profile during the pandemic, analyze its business operations across four aspects (organization/management, marketing, technical/operations, financial), identify problems in each aspect, and propose recommendations. A survey of 91 cooperative members was conducted to gather data on how the pandemic impacted operations, revenues, cash flow, trips, and workforce. The results showed most operations ceased initially and have since resumed with various operational issues encountered. The study provides analysis of the cooperative's performance across the four business aspects and identifies challenges in each to inform recommendations in a proposed development plan.
Developing reverse logistics programs: a resource based view.tenderboyfriend96
The document discusses developing reverse logistics programs from a resource-based view. It provides background on reverse logistics, describing it as the process of planning and managing the return of products from customers. Reverse logistics is important as return rates are high across many industries. The document presents interviews from executives to develop a framework of how committing resources (such as knowledge, employees, facilities) can build reverse logistics capabilities (like information management, innovation, responsiveness) that improve performance. However, committing resources alone may not be enough, and developing effective processes is also important for maximizing capabilities and performance.
This document summarizes a paper on the relationship between lean production, sustainable development, and global supply chains. It discusses how lean principles aim to reduce costs through quality improvements and waste reduction. Sustainable development focuses on meeting economic, social, and environmental needs. Global supply chain management coordinates activities across suppliers, manufacturing, and distribution. The paper reviews literature at the intersection of these topics and aims to identify synergies between lean production and sustainable principles applied through global supply chains.
This document discusses strategies for creating shared value using materiality analysis, with a focus on the mining industry. It proposes a framework where different creating shared value strategies are applied depending on where a social issue falls in a materiality matrix. Issues in the highest materiality quadrant would utilize three strategies, while those in other quadrants would use one or two strategies focused on the value chain, local environment or reconceiving products/markets. The framework is intended to help mining companies design strategies to address social issues identified through materiality analysis.
This document summarizes six case studies on adaptive management conducted by the ADAPT partnership between the International Rescue Committee and Mercy Corps. The case studies looked at humanitarian and development programs across different sectors, contexts, and levels of stability. They found that adaptive programs which allowed flexibility, learning, and adaptation were better able to deliver results in complex environments. Key themes included the need for procedures and staff to be flexible and adaptable, and the tensions between results-based management and adaptive approaches. The document aims to share lessons from these cases to advance effective aid delivery.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
A Study on Barriers and Practices of Supply Chain Social Sustainability in In...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The paper paves a way to understand supply chain social sustainability practices and their associated barriers to implementation in the Indian and North American energy and manufacturing sectors. A systematic literature review and 4-point Likert scale survey provide clarity on the barriers and their perception from an industrial perspective. Findings from this study highlight that while the criticality of barriers differs with industry and geographies, some barriers are common to all. The study also highlights an approach needed for these sectors by identifying the most common barriers by providing a clear path on what practices can bring about the most impact in resolution.
20 barriers are identified, of which 3 show a stark difference in perception on its criticality against current published research work. The paper also identifies the top barriers along with the practices that make it most easy to implement. 11 common barriers that exist in the target industries of the two countries are identified and 6 easiest-to-resolve barriers are revealed, analyzing the maximum number of mitigation practices available. The paper concludes by identifying eight most impactful social sustainability practices that can help resolve the maximum number of implementation barriers and highlights avenues for further research in the field.
This document presents a community learning model developed by Engineers Without Borders Colombia to promote sustainable entrepreneurship through green businesses. The model was tested in a case study working with communities in Colombia's Guavio Province. The model aims to provide tools for communities to create productive solutions through participatory decision making and learning processes guided by community members. The case study helped strengthen community-led green businesses in Guavio and provided lessons that can help replicate the learning model in other rural communities.
This document summarizes and provides context for the first chapter of the book "Sustainable Logistics" by W.-R. Bretzke and K. Barkawi. It defines key terms like sustainability, discusses the current gaps in research and practice regarding sustainable logistics. It also outlines the objectives of the book, which are to analyze logistics network and process models and how they must adapt and be restructured to meet sustainability and emissions reduction goals. The chapter aims to broaden the discussion of these issues within the logistics field.
This document introduces the THRIVE framework and Sustainability Performance Scorecard tool to help businesses transition towards sustainability. The framework provides a standardized platform and scorecard to publicly rank companies' sustainability performance based on their business models and strategies. It is intended to move companies from simply disclosing sustainability information to being more transparently exposed, and help business leaders compete to improve sustainability. The tools are designed using a systems thinking approach and draw on case studies and data sources to evaluate performance against science-based sustainability targets in a context-based way.
The present paper developed an integrated closed-loop supply chain model by considering social responsibility. The novelty of this research is considering social responsibility in the model. In order to achieve this goal, a three-objective mathematical model was presented with the following aims: 1) Minimizing the costs, 2) Maximizing social responsibility or social benefits of the model, and 3) Minimizing the adverse environmental effects. The mathematical method which is applied proves the validity of the model.
This document describes the development and validation of a scale to measure consumer perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) using a three-dimensional approach based on sustainable development. Through five empirical studies involving over 1,000 tourists in Spain and Mexico, the researchers developed an 18-item scale across three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental. The scale captures consumer perceptions of a company's CSR initiatives related to these three pillars of sustainable development. The scale demonstrates reliability and validity for measuring how consumers view a company's CSR practices and can help compare perceptions across studies in a standardized way.
How To Shift Consumer Behaviors to be more sustainable; a literature review a...Nicha Tatsaneeyapan
This article presents a literature review and framework for understanding how to shift consumer behaviors to be more sustainable. The framework is called SHIFT and proposes that consumers are more likely to engage in pro-environmental behaviors when messages or contexts leverage social influence, habit formation, individual identity, feelings and cognition, and tangibility. The review identified these five factors as the most common ways discussed in the literature to encourage sustainable consumption. The article then provides an in-depth discussion of each of these five factors and how they can shape consumer decision making and behaviors related to sustainability.
A Guide to traceAbility A Practical Approach to Advance Sustainability in Glo...Ira Kristina Lumban Tobing
The UN Global Compact and BSR are pleased to issue this guide to help companies and stakeholders understand and advance supply chain traceability, which is the process of iden- tifying and tracking a product or component’s path from raw material to finished good.
This guide represents more than a year of work in preparation, research and interviews.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 687847. This material reflects only the author's view and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.
Evaluating Platforms for Community Sensemaking: Using the Case of the Kenyan ...COMRADES project
This document describes a study that evaluated how platforms can support community sensemaking during disruptive events. The researchers conducted a scenario-based evaluation using data from Kenya's 2017 elections. Twelve students participated in the evaluation. They were given the task of mapping reports of voting incidents and irregularities from Kenya's Uchaguzi platform to assess the validity of the elections and support security forces. The goal was to examine how such a platform could aid non-mandated responders' situational understanding. Data was collected on the participants' sensemaking process to identify requirements for resilience platforms and inform future research.
More Related Content
Similar to Sustainable Performance Measurement for Humanitarian Supply Chain Operations
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
In this issue of Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management
(JOSCM), we bring to you the outcomes of our special issue on Advances in
Supply Chain and Logistics Management for a more Sustainable Society. This
special issue is edited by Ernesto DR Santibanez Gonzalez (Universidad de
Talca, Chile), and Charbel José Chiappetta Jabbour (University of Stirling,
UK). In the introduction of the special issue, the editors describe the
importance of the theme and the topics covered. In addition to the papers of
the special issue, JOSCM also presents two papers on logistics and purchasing
from our continuous flow.
This document discusses frameworks and indices for assessing sustainability. It begins by introducing common types of sustainability assessment tools, focusing on indicators and indices. It then outlines several widely-used sustainability frameworks, including the Triple Bottom Line framework and pressure-state-response model. Next, it describes the process for constructing sustainability indices, including selecting indicators, standardizing data, assigning weights, and aggregating the results. It notes that indicator selection and weighting are often inconsistent due to a lack of standardized requirements. Finally, it argues that sustainability frameworks can effectively guide indicator selection for both standalone indicators and composite indices.
The document discusses education for sustainability in Romania. It finds that:
1) Students have minimal knowledge of sustainability concepts and principles. Few subjects related to the environment and social practices are covered in curriculums.
2) Companies generally understand sustainability and implement related standards and actions, but reporting is not always standardized.
3) More needs to be done to improve education for sustainability at universities and its adoption in business to help Romania progress on global sustainability goals.
Education for Sustainability: current status, prospects, and directionsRissarias Rissaria
The document discusses education for sustainability in higher education in Romania. It aims to assess the current level of education for sustainable development (ESD) and understandings of sustainability among students and businesses. A survey was conducted of students to evaluate their knowledge of sustainability concepts. A separate survey of businesses aimed to understand their involvement in sustainable practices. The research seeks to identify how human resources and companies understand and apply sustainability principles and where further development is needed regarding ESD.
The document summarizes a study on the business operations of Laur Transport Service Cooperative amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to describe the cooperative's operational profile during the pandemic, analyze its business operations across four aspects (organization/management, marketing, technical/operations, financial), identify problems in each aspect, and propose recommendations. A survey of 91 cooperative members was conducted to gather data on how the pandemic impacted operations, revenues, cash flow, trips, and workforce. The results showed most operations ceased initially and have since resumed with various operational issues encountered. The study provides analysis of the cooperative's performance across the four business aspects and identifies challenges in each to inform recommendations in a proposed development plan.
Developing reverse logistics programs: a resource based view.tenderboyfriend96
The document discusses developing reverse logistics programs from a resource-based view. It provides background on reverse logistics, describing it as the process of planning and managing the return of products from customers. Reverse logistics is important as return rates are high across many industries. The document presents interviews from executives to develop a framework of how committing resources (such as knowledge, employees, facilities) can build reverse logistics capabilities (like information management, innovation, responsiveness) that improve performance. However, committing resources alone may not be enough, and developing effective processes is also important for maximizing capabilities and performance.
This document summarizes a paper on the relationship between lean production, sustainable development, and global supply chains. It discusses how lean principles aim to reduce costs through quality improvements and waste reduction. Sustainable development focuses on meeting economic, social, and environmental needs. Global supply chain management coordinates activities across suppliers, manufacturing, and distribution. The paper reviews literature at the intersection of these topics and aims to identify synergies between lean production and sustainable principles applied through global supply chains.
This document discusses strategies for creating shared value using materiality analysis, with a focus on the mining industry. It proposes a framework where different creating shared value strategies are applied depending on where a social issue falls in a materiality matrix. Issues in the highest materiality quadrant would utilize three strategies, while those in other quadrants would use one or two strategies focused on the value chain, local environment or reconceiving products/markets. The framework is intended to help mining companies design strategies to address social issues identified through materiality analysis.
This document summarizes six case studies on adaptive management conducted by the ADAPT partnership between the International Rescue Committee and Mercy Corps. The case studies looked at humanitarian and development programs across different sectors, contexts, and levels of stability. They found that adaptive programs which allowed flexibility, learning, and adaptation were better able to deliver results in complex environments. Key themes included the need for procedures and staff to be flexible and adaptable, and the tensions between results-based management and adaptive approaches. The document aims to share lessons from these cases to advance effective aid delivery.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
The core of the vision IRJES is to disseminate new knowledge and technology for the benefit of all, ranging from academic research and professional communities to industry professionals in a range of topics in computer science and engineering. It also provides a place for high-caliber researchers, practitioners and PhD students to present ongoing research and development in these areas.
A Study on Barriers and Practices of Supply Chain Social Sustainability in In...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The paper paves a way to understand supply chain social sustainability practices and their associated barriers to implementation in the Indian and North American energy and manufacturing sectors. A systematic literature review and 4-point Likert scale survey provide clarity on the barriers and their perception from an industrial perspective. Findings from this study highlight that while the criticality of barriers differs with industry and geographies, some barriers are common to all. The study also highlights an approach needed for these sectors by identifying the most common barriers by providing a clear path on what practices can bring about the most impact in resolution.
20 barriers are identified, of which 3 show a stark difference in perception on its criticality against current published research work. The paper also identifies the top barriers along with the practices that make it most easy to implement. 11 common barriers that exist in the target industries of the two countries are identified and 6 easiest-to-resolve barriers are revealed, analyzing the maximum number of mitigation practices available. The paper concludes by identifying eight most impactful social sustainability practices that can help resolve the maximum number of implementation barriers and highlights avenues for further research in the field.
This document presents a community learning model developed by Engineers Without Borders Colombia to promote sustainable entrepreneurship through green businesses. The model was tested in a case study working with communities in Colombia's Guavio Province. The model aims to provide tools for communities to create productive solutions through participatory decision making and learning processes guided by community members. The case study helped strengthen community-led green businesses in Guavio and provided lessons that can help replicate the learning model in other rural communities.
This document summarizes and provides context for the first chapter of the book "Sustainable Logistics" by W.-R. Bretzke and K. Barkawi. It defines key terms like sustainability, discusses the current gaps in research and practice regarding sustainable logistics. It also outlines the objectives of the book, which are to analyze logistics network and process models and how they must adapt and be restructured to meet sustainability and emissions reduction goals. The chapter aims to broaden the discussion of these issues within the logistics field.
This document introduces the THRIVE framework and Sustainability Performance Scorecard tool to help businesses transition towards sustainability. The framework provides a standardized platform and scorecard to publicly rank companies' sustainability performance based on their business models and strategies. It is intended to move companies from simply disclosing sustainability information to being more transparently exposed, and help business leaders compete to improve sustainability. The tools are designed using a systems thinking approach and draw on case studies and data sources to evaluate performance against science-based sustainability targets in a context-based way.
The present paper developed an integrated closed-loop supply chain model by considering social responsibility. The novelty of this research is considering social responsibility in the model. In order to achieve this goal, a three-objective mathematical model was presented with the following aims: 1) Minimizing the costs, 2) Maximizing social responsibility or social benefits of the model, and 3) Minimizing the adverse environmental effects. The mathematical method which is applied proves the validity of the model.
This document describes the development and validation of a scale to measure consumer perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) using a three-dimensional approach based on sustainable development. Through five empirical studies involving over 1,000 tourists in Spain and Mexico, the researchers developed an 18-item scale across three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental. The scale captures consumer perceptions of a company's CSR initiatives related to these three pillars of sustainable development. The scale demonstrates reliability and validity for measuring how consumers view a company's CSR practices and can help compare perceptions across studies in a standardized way.
How To Shift Consumer Behaviors to be more sustainable; a literature review a...Nicha Tatsaneeyapan
This article presents a literature review and framework for understanding how to shift consumer behaviors to be more sustainable. The framework is called SHIFT and proposes that consumers are more likely to engage in pro-environmental behaviors when messages or contexts leverage social influence, habit formation, individual identity, feelings and cognition, and tangibility. The review identified these five factors as the most common ways discussed in the literature to encourage sustainable consumption. The article then provides an in-depth discussion of each of these five factors and how they can shape consumer decision making and behaviors related to sustainability.
A Guide to traceAbility A Practical Approach to Advance Sustainability in Glo...Ira Kristina Lumban Tobing
The UN Global Compact and BSR are pleased to issue this guide to help companies and stakeholders understand and advance supply chain traceability, which is the process of iden- tifying and tracking a product or component’s path from raw material to finished good.
This guide represents more than a year of work in preparation, research and interviews.
Similar to Sustainable Performance Measurement for Humanitarian Supply Chain Operations (20)
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 687847. This material reflects only the author's view and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.
Evaluating Platforms for Community Sensemaking: Using the Case of the Kenyan ...COMRADES project
This document describes a study that evaluated how platforms can support community sensemaking during disruptive events. The researchers conducted a scenario-based evaluation using data from Kenya's 2017 elections. Twelve students participated in the evaluation. They were given the task of mapping reports of voting incidents and irregularities from Kenya's Uchaguzi platform to assess the validity of the elections and support security forces. The goal was to examine how such a platform could aid non-mandated responders' situational understanding. Data was collected on the participants' sensemaking process to identify requirements for resilience platforms and inform future research.
Helping Crisis Responders Find the Informative Needle in the Tweet HaystackCOMRADES project
Leon Derczynski - University of Sheffield,
Kenny Meesters - TU Delft, Kalina Bontcheva - University of Sheffield, Diana Maynard- University of Sheffield
WiPe Paper – Social Media Studies
Proceedings of the 15th ISCRAM Conference – Rochester, NY, USA May 2018
An Extensible Multilingual Open Source LemmatizerCOMRADES project
This document summarizes an article that presents an open-source lemmatizer called GATE DictLemmatizer. The lemmatizer currently supports lemmatization for English, German, Italian, French, Dutch, and Spanish. It uses a combination of automatically generated lemma dictionaries from Wiktionary and the Helsinki Finite-State Transducer Technology (HFST). An evaluation shows it achieves similar or better results than the TreeTagger lemmatizer for languages with HFST support, and still provides satisfactory results for languages without HFST support. The lemmatizer and tools to generate dictionaries are made freely available as open source.
Classifying Crises-Information Relevancy with SemanticsCOMRADES project
Prashant Khare, Gregoire Burel, and Harith Alani
Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University, United Kingdom
fprashant.khare,g.burel,h.alanig@open.ac.uk
D6.2 First report on Communication and Dissemination activitiesCOMRADES project
COMRADES project was launched in January 2016 with a lifetime of 36 months and it aims to empower communities with intelligent socio-technical solutions to help them reconnect, respond to, and recover from crisis situations.
COMRADES consortium will build a next generation, intelligent resilience platform to provide high socio-technical innovation and to support community resilience in crises situations. The platform will capture and process in real-time, multilingual social information streams from distributed communities, for the purpose of identifying, aggregating, and verifying reported events at the citizen and community levels. Resilience frameworks, guidelines and best practices will be embedded into the platform design and functionality, enriched with open datasets and open source software.
The main objectives of the project is to foster social innovation during crises for safeguarding communities during critical scenarios from inaccurate, distrusted, and overhyped information, and for raising citizen and community awareness of crisis situations by providing them with filtered, validated, enriched, high quality, and actionable knowledge. Community decision-making will be assisted by automated methods for real-time, intelligent processing and linking of crowdsourced crisis information.
This document forms deliverable D6.2 “First report on communication and dissemination activities”. It outlines the dissemination and communication objectives and strategy of the reporting period and focuses on the tools and activities that were undertaken to accomplish the objectives set. The deliverable reports on dissemination tools (website, social media, press releases, newsletter issues, brochures, etc.) used from M1 to M12 to disseminate the project implementing the online and offline dissemination strategy D6.1 deliverable in M6. Also, it presents the dissemination activities that have been implemented by the partners and are foreseen in the Description of Action for WP6. It will be updated yearly during the whole du project.
It is based on, and is consistent with, the DoA and the CA, but is not a substitute for reading these documents.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 687847
http://www.comrades-project.eu/outputs/deliverables/82-deliverables/46-d6-2-first-report-on-communication-and-dissemination-activities.html
This report describes the tools developed for multilingual text processing of social media. It gives details about the linguistic approaches used, the scope of the tools, and some results of performance evaluation. WP3 focuses on developing methods to detect relevant and informative posts, as well as content with clear validity, so that these can be dealt with efficiently without the clutter of uninformative or irrelevant posts obscuring the important facts. In order to achieve these objectives, low-level linguistic processing components are first required in order to generate lexical, syntactic and semantic features of the text required by the informativeness and trustworthiness components to be developed later in the project. These tools are also required by components developed in WP4 for the detection of emergency events, modelling and matchmaking. They take as input social media and other kinds of text-based messages and posts, and produce as output additional information about the language of the message, the named entities, and syntactic and semantic information.
In this report, we first describe the suite of tools we have developed for Information Extraction from social media for English, French and German. While English is the main language of messages dealt with by the tools in this project, it is very useful to be able to both recognise and deal with messages in other languages. French and German are therefore used as examples to show the adaptability of our tools to other languages, and our multilingual components thus serve as a testbed for new language adaptation techniques with which we have experimented during the project.
Various aspects of these tools are evaluated for accuracy. Second, we describe the tools we have developed for entity disambiguation and linking from social media, for English, French and German. These ensure not only that we extract relevant instances of locations, names of people and organisations, but that we know which particular instance we are talking about since these names may potentially refer to different things. By linking to a semantic knowledge base, we ensure both disambiguation and also that we have additional knowledge (for example, the coordinates of a location). The tools are evaluated for accuracy as well as speed, since traditionally these techniques are extremely slow and cumbersome to use in real world scenarios. The tools are all made available as GATE Cloud services.
http://www.comrades-project.eu/outputs/deliverables/82-deliverables/43-d3-1-multilingual-content-processing-methods.html
D4.1 Enriched Semantic Models of Emergency EventsCOMRADES project
This document presents a semantic model for representing emergency event data in the COMRADES project. It analyzes requirements from multiple sources, including the Ushahidi platform data structures, COMRADES tool requirements, stakeholder interviews, and crisis datasets. Based on this analysis, an Ontology Requirement Specification Document is created. Finally, an ontology model is presented and evaluated against the competency questions from the requirements analysis to ensure it meets the project needs. The model will be integrated into the COMRADES platform to semantically represent emergency event data and metadata.
SemEval-2017 Task 8: RumourEval: Determining rumour veracity and support for ...COMRADES project
Leon Derczynski and Kalina Bontcheva and Maria Liakata and Rob Procter and Geraldine Wong Sak Hoi and Arkaitz Zubiaga
Media is full of false claims. Even Oxford Dictionaries named “post-truth” as the word of 2016. This makes it more important than ever to build systems that can identify the veracity of a story, and the nature of the discourse around it.RumourEval is a SemEval shared task that aims to identify and handle rumours and reactions to them, in text. We present an annotation scheme, a large dataset covering multiple topics – each having their own families of claims and replies – and use these to pose two concrete challenges as well as the results achieved by participants on these challenges.
http://www.derczynski.com/sheffield/papers/rumoureval-task.pdf
Prospecting Socially-Aware Concepts and Artefacts for Designing for Community...COMRADES project
This document discusses concepts from the Socially-Aware Design approach that could help inform the design of technologies to boost community resilience for refugees. It introduces the Semiotic Onion model, which views a design problem across technical, formal, and informal sociocultural layers. It also discusses Edward Hall's Basic Building Blocks of Culture as a way to understand cultural aspects that may influence design. The document argues these concepts could help identify important values, threats, and resilience factors for refugee communities to ensure designs are aligned with their needs and context.
On Semantics and Deep Learning for Event Detection in Crisis SituationsCOMRADES project
In this paper, we introduce Dual-CNN, a semantically-enhanced deep learning model to target the problem of event detection in crisis situations from
social media data. A layer of semantics is added to a traditional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model to capture the contextual information that is generally scarce in short, ill-formed social media messages. Our results show that
our methods are able to successfully identify the existence of events, and event types (hurricane, floods, etc.) accurately (> 79% F-measure), but the performance of the model significantly drops (61% F-measure) when identifying fine-grained event-related information (affected individuals, damaged infrastructures, etc.).
These results are competitive with more traditional Machine Learning models, such as SVM.
http://oro.open.ac.uk/49639/1/event_detection.pdf
A Semantic Graph-based Approach for Radicalisation Detection on Social MediaCOMRADES project
This document presents a semantic graph-based approach for detecting radicalization on social media, specifically Twitter. The approach extracts semantic concepts and relations from tweets and represents them as graphs. Frequent subgraph mining is used to identify patterns that distinguish pro-ISIS and anti-ISIS stances. Classifiers are trained using these "semantic features" and are shown to outperform classifiers using only lexical, sentiment, topic and network features. The top entities and relations discussed differ between pro-ISIS and anti-ISIS users.
Behind the Scenes of Scenario-Based Training: Understanding Scenario Design a...COMRADES project
This document discusses scenario-based training exercises for disaster response organizations. It notes that current scenario design processes are often inflexible and do not adapt to how coordination emerges in real disasters. The authors observed a large humanitarian aid exercise called TRIPLEX-2016 to understand current scenario design practices. They propose an adaptive scenario generator that can select and adjust scenarios in real-time to better address both individual and collective learning goals for organizations responding to complex, uncertain disasters.
Detecting Important Life Events on Twitter Using Frequent Semantic and Syntac...COMRADES project
Dickinson, Thomas; Fernandez, Miriam; Thomas, Lisa; Mulholland, Paul; Briggs, Pam and Alani, Harith (2016). Detecting Important Life Events on Twitter Using Frequent Semantic and Syntactic Subgraphs. IADIS International Journal on WWW/Internet, 14(2) pp. 23–37.
http://oro.open.ac.uk/48678/
DoRES — A Three-tier Ontology for Modelling Crises in the Digital AgeCOMRADES project
Burel, Gregoire; Piccolo, Lara S. G.; Meesters, Kenny and Alani, Harith (2017). DoRES — A Three-tier Ontology for Modelling Crises in the Digital Age. In: ISCRAM 2017 Conference Proceedings, (in press).
http://oro.open.ac.uk/49285/
D2.1 Requirements for boosting community resilience in crisis situationCOMRADES project
COMRADES (Collective Platform for Community Resilience and Social Innovation during Crises, www.comrades-project.eu) aims to empower communities with intelligent socio-technical solutions to help them reconnect, respond to, and recover from crisis situations.
This deliverable reviews theories, conceptual frameworks, standards (e.g., BS 11200 and ISO 22320-2011) and indicators of community resilience. It analyses relevant use cases and reports of resilience around various type of crises.
These assessments enable the project team to present a definition of community resilience that is tailored specifically to the needs and aims of the COMRADES project, which focuses on the role of information and technology as a driver of community resilience.
The project’s stance to improve resilience can therefore be summarized by:
Continuously enhancing community resilience through ICT, instead of focusing on specific shocks or disruptive events.
Enabling a broad range of actors to acquire a relevant, consistent and coherent understanding of a stressing situation.
Empower decision makers and trigger community engagement on response and recovery efforts, including long-term mitigation and preparation.
The deliverable uses this definition and the project’s overall understanding of community resilience, as presented in the review sections, to specify initial design and functional requirements for adopting and integrating resilience procedures and methodologies into the COMRADES collective resilience platform. At the same time, we develop an evaluation framework that enables us to measure the contribution of the COMRADES resilience platform to building community resilience.
Finally, we outline three prototypical crisis scenarios that will enable the project development, test and evaluation. As such, the deliverable informs the design of the community workshops and interviews planned that will be conducted in T2.2 and T2.3, as well as the work of technology development, particularly in WP5.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 687847
OMRADES is creating an open‐source, community resilience platform, designed by communities, for communities, to help them reconnect, respond to, and recover from crisis situations. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 687847 This material reflects only the authors view and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains
OMRADES is creating an open‐source, community resilience platform, designed by communities, for communities, to help them reconnect, respond to, and recover from crisis situations. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 687847 This material reflects only the authors view and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains
OMRADES is creating an open‐source, community resilience platform, designed by communities, for communities, to help them reconnect, respond to, and recover from crisis situations. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 687847 This material reflects only the authors view and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains
How To Cultivate Community Affinity Throughout The Generosity JourneyAggregage
This session will dive into how to create rich generosity experiences that foster long-lasting relationships. You’ll walk away with actionable insights to redefine how you engage with your supporters — emphasizing trust, engagement, and community!
Indira awas yojana housing scheme renamed as PMAYnarinav14
Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) played a significant role in addressing rural housing needs in India. It emerged as a comprehensive program for affordable housing solutions in rural areas, predating the government’s broader focus on mass housing initiatives.
Bharat Mata - History of Indian culture.pdfBharat Mata
Bharat Mata Channel is an initiative towards keeping the culture of this country alive. Our effort is to spread the knowledge of Indian history, culture, religion and Vedas to the masses.
The Power of Community Newsletters: A Case Study from Wolverton and Greenleys...Scribe
YOU WILL DISCOVER:
The engaging history and evolution of Wolverton and Greenleys Town Council's newsletter
Strategies for producing a successful community newsletter and generating income through advertising
The decision-making process behind moving newsletter design from in-house to outsourcing and its impacts
Dive into the success story of Wolverton and Greenleys Town Council's newsletter in this insightful webinar. Hear from Mandy Shipp and Jemma English about the newsletter's journey from its inception to becoming a vital part of their community's communication, including its history, production process, and revenue generation through advertising. Discover the reasons behind outsourcing its design and the benefits this brought. Ideal for anyone involved in community engagement or interested in starting their own newsletter.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Presentation by Julie Topoleski, CBO’s Director of Labor, Income Security, and Long-Term Analysis, at the 16th Annual Meeting of the OECD Working Party of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Sustainable Performance Measurement for Humanitarian Supply Chain Operations
1. Laguna Salvadó et al. Sustainable Performance Measurement for HSC Operations
WiPe Paper – Logistics and Supply-Chain
Proceedings of the 14th ISCRAM Conference – Albi, France, May 2017
Tina Comes, Frédérick Bénaben, Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds.
Sustainable Performance Measurement
for Humanitarian Supply Chain
Operations
Laura Laguna Salvadó
Mines Albi, France
llagunas@mines-albi.fr
Matthieu Lauras
Mines Albi, France
lauras@mines-albi.fr
Tina Comes
University of Agder, Norway
tina.comes@uia.no
ABSTRACT
This paper proposes a performance measurement definition to consider sustainable development principles in
the humanitarian supply chain operations (source, make, deliver). Previous research has shown the challenge for
humanitarian organizations to consider the three sustainability pillars people, planet and profit in their decision-
making processes. Based on field research with the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent
(IFRC) and a literature review on humanitarian performance measurement and sustainability, we define a set of
criteria, objectives and Key Performance Indicators that translates sustainability concepts to concrete
humanitarian operations. Based on the Triple Bottom Line approach, the environmental and social dimensions
are added to the economic dimension, which is standard in HSC literature and practice. The aim of this study is
to set the basis for a Decision Support System (DSS) in operations planning.
Keywords
Humanitarian Supply Chain, Key Performance Indicators, Triple Bottom Line, sustainability
INTRODUCTION
The main objective of Humanitarian Supply Chains (HSC) is to ensure the distribution of relief items to
beneficiaries when a humanitarian disaster occurs. As resources are scarce and budgets limited, performance
measurement has become critical to achieve the aims of humanitarian operations (saving lives and reducing
human suffering), and to secure donor funding (accountability) or economic viability. Typically, the HSC refers
to criteria such effectiveness or efficiency to measure the success of their operations. This approach permits the
HSC to maintain their position (order qualifier) in the humanitarian response “marketplace”.
Beyond these economic considerations, the growing urgency of switching to sustainable development is gaining
ground in public opinion. Major events like the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development (ASD), or the 2016 World Humanitarian Submit (WHS), promoted by the United
Nations confirms this global trend. MDGs were the eight international development goals for 2015 established
following the Millennium Submit, with an emphasis on social and environmental sustainability. The WHS
committed to engage with local communities to enhance resilience. And the ASD emphasized the need to reduce
disparity (eradicate poverty) as a major requirement for sustainable development. Thus, sustainability is a
relevant topic that affects all organization functions, in all the sectors including public administration, corporate
sector and non-profit.
Sustainability concept, and the links that sustainability has with supply chain operations, strongly suggest that
sustainability is a requirement to do business in the twenty first century (Carter & Liane Easton, 2011). Also in
Humanitarian Organizations, the concern for the long-term impact of operations is growing. Indeed, to maintain
a competitive position (order winner), considering sustainability becomes fundamental.
775
2. Laguna Salvadó et al. Sustainable Performance Measurement for HSC Operations
WiPe Paper – Logistics and Supply-Chain
Proceedings of the 14th ISCRAM Conference – Albi, France, May 2017
Tina Comes, Frédérick Bénaben, Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds.
“We happily endorse the 2030 Agenda, and our network stands ready to partner with
governments, UN agencies, civil society, the corporate sector and communities themselves
to turn this ambition into a reality.”
IFRC SECRETARY GENERAL, ELHADJ AS SY
New York, 25 September 2015
Several papers call for research on the sustainability of humanitarian response (Ira Haavisto & Gyöngyi Kovács,
2014; Kunz & Gold, 2015). However, practitioners do not have the tools to evaluate the impact of HSC
operations. Kovacs highlighted the need to find a link between the short-term aims on operational performance
and the long-term impact. Moreover, literature states that equity (Balcik, Beamon, Krejci, Muramatsu, &
Ramirez, 2010) and sustainability (Ira Haavisto & Gyöngyi Kovács, 2014) are overlooked, although they are
essential for aligning operational with longer-term objectives of humanitarian aid.
Consequently, the research question is: how to define and measure sustainability performance at the HSC
operations?
This study aims at defining a set of performance criteria to asses the sustainability of HSC operations, the
related objectives and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to quantify the impact based on the widely accepted
triple bottom line (TBL): profit, people, planet. By performance criteria we mean the principle, by witch an
activity will be measured. The objectives are the relation between the performance criteria and the aim of the
organization. And the KPIs are the performance measurement related to each criterion (and objective). In other
words, we address the problem of translating sustainable development principles into HSC decision-making.
This research contributes to the HSC and sustainability literature by merging both disciplines in a concrete and
practical case. The proposal can be used as a reference by both practitioners and academics for HSC decision-
making and for further research, respectively.
Approach & Research methodology
Once the research question was formulated, we started from a literature review on sustainable supply chain to
obtain an overview of best practices and state of the art of sustainable performance. We reviewed also the
existing literature on HSC and used previous field research observations to identify the performance criteria that
humanitarian organizations consider (or would like to consider), aligned with their objectives as well as related
KPIs. Field research was conducted on September 2015 at the Americas and Caribbean (A&C) IFRC Regional
Logistic Unit (Panamá RLU). Then, we organize the findings per TBL dimensions to have a mapping of
potential performance criteria, objectives and KPIs for sustainable HSC.
The Sustainable Supply Chain performance state of the art aimed at finding an accepted sustainable performance
definition. As long as sustainability is a trending topic, the literature review was a qualitative selection of papers
based on citation rate and non-exhaustive content analysis. Many authors use sustainability referring to Green
Supply Chain, so we focused on papers with a wider definition of the term. Regarding HSC state of the art, even
if it is not a new idea, we found few publications that refer to the concrete sustainable performance definition
and measurement, like the dedicated book “Humanitarian Logistics and Sustainability” (Klumpp et al., 2015).
We also considered humanitarian organizations reports and road maps to identify “best practices”.
The HSC sustainability performance strategy was not the objective when the field research was conducted in
2015. The initial goal of the study was to support the IFRC HSC to become more cost-effective by developing
innovative HSC approaches. With the aim of developing field-grounded research propositions, we based the
research on empirical evidence (Eisenhardt, 1989). This consisted in studying the IFRC American and
Caribbean (A&C) Regional Logistic Unit (RLU) case to identify weaknesses of the current activity model in
terms of business processes, decision-making and information systems.
In practice, after conducting preliminary interviews with the Regional Logistics Development Coordinator
(RLDC) of the IFRC A&C RLU, we designed guidelines, observations and mapping supports for semi-
structured interviews and focus groups, inspired by previous field-research by the Disaster Resilience Lab
(Comes et al. 2015). The fieldwork was conducted during a 10 days mission on October 2015 at the IFRC A&C
RLU Panama site (office and warehouse). We interviewed all members of the RLU structure: Head, Service
Officer, Procurement Officers, Logistic Officers and Warehouse Manager and Officers as well as the Panama
Disaster Response Unit (PADRU) Coordinator.
The interviews and observations permitted to identify the current business processes and activities cartography,
upcoming evolutions, and practitioner’s needs, discussed on previous publications (Laguna Salvadó et al.,
776
3. Laguna Salvadó et al. Sustainable Performance Measurement for HSC Operations
WiPe Paper – Logistics and Supply-Chain
Proceedings of the 14th ISCRAM Conference – Albi, France, May 2017
Tina Comes, Frédérick Bénaben, Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds.
2016), which confronted to the literature review permits to build a Sustainable Performance Measurement for
HSC operations.
This contribution is structured as following: First, a background section introduces the concepts of
sustainability, sustainable CSC and sustainable HSC. Second, the proposal sustainable HSC criteria, objectives
and KPIs are presented. We conclude with the “house of HSC sustainable operations” and further works are
discussed, with the introduction to a potential use on a practical case.
BACKGROUND
The topic we address derives from the universal challenge of sustainable development. It is a wide challenge
that has already tackled in other fields. In this section we review concepts that relate sustainable development to
HSC performance by going through the ideas relevant to Sustainable Supply Chains.
Sustainability
Sustainable development (or sustainability) modern definition was drawn during Brundtland Comission on
1983: “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future
generations to meet their own needs” (Brundtland, 1983). It is a highly debated concept, and depending on
people and organizations perspective, sustainability is addressed or understood really differently. Brundtland’s
definition is quite philosphal, and it’s difficult to asses how to fit HSC performance on it. Pojasek’s (2012)
proposed an operationalised definition, which considers sustainability as “the capability of an organisation to
transparently manage its responsibilities for environmental stewardship, social wellbeing, and economic
prosperity over the long term while being held accountable to its stakeholders” (Pojasek, 2012). This concept is
usually addressed as Corporate Social Responsibility for business organizations.
In literature, however, it is widely accepted to present sustainability as the balance between the dimensions
environment, society and economy. This dimensions are connected entities that follow the TBL model (e.g.
Carter and Rogers, 2008). The TBL is a systemic approach developed on the mid 90’s by John Elkington
to"captures the essence of sustainability by measuring the impact of an organization's activities including its
profitability and shareholder values and its social, human and environmental capital” (Savitz, 2012). It stresses
the need to achieve a minimum performance for the three dimensions. However, no consensus regarding the
tradeoffs and synergies across the economic, environmental and social objectives has been state. Moreover,
there is not a standard definition of each dimension. Here, we define the TBL dimensions as:
● Economy or “Profit”: relates to cost and productivity considerations. An organization has to use its
resources so that it can consistently produce an operational profit, and sustain its activities. In HSC
specifics, the operational profit corresponds to alleviating suffering of affected populations by responding
to their humanitarian needs.
● Social, or “People”: relates to proper and favorable business impact for employees, population, and the
area in which the organization conducts its activities.
● Environment or “Planet”: relates to environmental impact. It attempts to benefit the natural setting as
much as possible or at least do no damage and decrease the environmental effect.
The macro-economical definition of sustainability, and the three categorical dimensions can explain the
sustainable development on a conceptual level, but do not provide much guidance on how sustainability shall be
addressed on the context of Supply Chain operations.
Sustainable Supply Chain
Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), is defined by Seuring and Müller (2008) as “the management of
materials, information and capital flows as well as cooperation among companies along the supply chain while
integrating goals from all three dimensions of sustainable development, i.e. economic, environmental and social,
which are derived from customer and stakeholder requirement”.
While analyzing supply chain sustainability disclosure, Okongwou identified TBL performance as one of the
main drivers (Okongwu, Morimoto, & Lauras, 2013). For the economic dimension the elements identified by
them were the financial value generated and distributed to the stakeholders and the proportion of spendings on
supplier development ; Regarding the environment dimension, they identified the recycling materials ratio or the
amount of energy saved due to efficieny improvement. And for the social dimension they identified the rates of
injury, occupational diseas, and the incidents of forced and child labour, the rate of trined people and the rate of
incidents related to product safety.
777
4. Laguna Salvadó et al. Sustainable Performance Measurement for HSC Operations
WiPe Paper – Logistics and Supply-Chain
Proceedings of the 14th ISCRAM Conference – Albi, France, May 2017
Tina Comes, Frédérick Bénaben, Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds.
Performance measurement has been wide developed on recent years. However, Gopal and Thakkar (Gopal &
Thakkar, 2012) argue that in the specifics of supply chain performance measurement, there is a large scope for
research to address various issues such as characteristics of measures and metrics, benchmarking of measures
and use of management practices. Nonetheless, sustainability performance measures are abundantly found in
literature. Some of the key measures, even if defined using different words, are related to emissions, energy use,
hazardous wastes and recycling for the environmental dimension; health, safety, training and child labour for the
social dimension; economic value generation and distribution for the economic dimension. Looking at these
performance measures, Okongwou observed that the responsibilities of a firm go beyond the wellbeing of its
shareholders to include the environmental, economic and social wellbeing of its employees, suppliers,
customers, local communities and the society in general (present and future generations). We can also find
theoretical development contributions, like the framework developed by Beske (Beske, 2012), which integrates
dynamic management theories into SSCM practices.
Sustainable Humanitarian Supply Chain
Humanitarian organizations purpose is to alleviate human suffering. For a long time, it has been understood that
getting the right resources to the right place and at the right time is crucial for a successful relief response. Thus,
humanitarian organizations have concentrated their efforts on HSC performance improvements. Looking at HSC
operations, we identify many opportunities to improve the balance between effectiveness and efficiency to boost
the economical dimension (Laguna Salvadó, Lauras, Comes, & Van de Walle, 2015). An example of these
challenges is the contingency stock management of humanitarian organizations, which shows a significant
misalignment with actual needs, producing excessive stock coverage and important bullwhip effects all along
the supply chain.
The origin of those misalignments is the difficulty to align the HSC with disasters characteristics: ramp up time
(slow / sudden onsets), cause (natural, human made, complex) or affected area (national/ transnational). In
addition, the different disaster management phases (preparedness, response, recovery, mitigation) ask for
different objectives and are partially overlapping. The decisions taken on one phase can conditions the success
of next phases. E.g. it happens that the response phase compromises the ability of the system during the
recovery phase (Kunz & Gold, 2015).
HSC from big humanitarian actors, like IFRC, UNHRD or NGOs must handle with an operating environment
with requirements (scaling up and down, time and place uncertainties…). Previous research highlighted that
HSC like the one of IFRC are facing structural evolutions, driven by the strategic objective to improve local
response capacity, responsiveness, or cost-efficiency (Laguna Salvadó et al., 2016). The challenge is to align
these evolutions with the sustainable development approach.
Today, an HSC can be described with two differentiated parts: the upstream HSC, that includes the private
suppliers, the permanent network of Logistic Units, and the distribution flows till the field entry hubs; and the
downstream HSC, that includes the field entry hubs to the final beneficiaries. We focus on this study on the
upstream part.
The strategic trends of international HSC is to develop country-level contingency stocks (Laguna Salvadó et al.,
2016). This evolution contributes to the long-term sustainability of HSC by empowering the local community
(local capacity). However, this strategy presents some challenges like the increase of the costs: immobilized
inventory or multiplication of warehouses. Thus, the interest to consider the holistic TBL approach.
The challenge to enhance sustainable HSC has been addressed on the literature, but most of the works addresses
only one or two of the dimensions, and usually from a strategically point of view, or with focus on reporting and
accountability (Carter & Rogers, 2008). Kunz and Gold (2015) have developed a framework of sustainable HSC
where performance is conceptualized as flowing from a strategic reconciliation between relief organization’s
enablers (resources, capabilities and commitment) and beneficiaries’ requirements, via an optimal supply chain
design. In this paper, we therefore conceptualize HSC from an operational point of view. Based on SCOR
reference model, the four main processes of the Supply Chain are: Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, Return and
Enable. According to this model, Plan includes the processes that balance aggregate demand and supply to
develop a course of action which best meets sourcing, production, and delivery requirements. However, Return
and Enable processes are not yet considered in the HSC, so we do not address them on this works. Based on the
business processes identified during the field research, the operational processes of the upstream HSC are then:
● Source (buyer-supplier relationship) that includes the processes that procure goods and services to meet
planned or actual demand. Decision-making may be limited (or based) by framework agreements with
suppliers that aim at reducing costs and ensuring the items disposal.
● Make (transformation processes) that is comprised of the processes that transform product to a finished
778
5. Laguna Salvadó et al. Sustainable Performance Measurement for HSC Operations
WiPe Paper – Logistics and Supply-Chain
Proceedings of the 14th ISCRAM Conference – Albi, France, May 2017
Tina Comes, Frédérick Bénaben, Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds.
state to meet planned or actual demand. On the concrete case of HSC, make processes can relate to: (i)
kitting activities (relief items consolidation). It is an operation that can reduce costs or improve
performance (Vaillancourt, 2015), a,d (ii) the contingency stock management, which existence has
became standard on humanitarian logistics to ensure first response capacity.
● Delivery (outbound logistics) that includes all processes, which provide finished goods and services to
meet planned or actual demand.
Decision-making on supplier’s selection, transport modes, routing, packaging, etc. puts Supply Chain managers
on a privileged position to impact the environmental and social performance dimensions on positive or negative,
as Carter and Easton emphasized (2011).
PROPOSAL
There is no universal definition of the three TBL categories; neither is there an accepted standard to measure it.
Even if this lack of standardization can be seen as a weakness, it provides the possibility to adapt this general
framework to any organization. The TBL approach comes from the for-profit sector, however, authors such as
Remida or Kunz and Gold (Klumpp et al., 2015; Kunz & Gold, 2015) already made the assumption that it is a
substantial part of the sustainable humanitarian system. In this adaptation process, the set of KPIs have to be
identified by stakeholders, experts, and selected also according to the ability to collect the necessary data (Hall,
2011).
However, there is significant literature on the CSC and HSC that deals with one or several of the TBL
dimensions. Based on literature, and field observations and practitioner’s discussions, a set of criteria, objectives
and KPIs is presented below.
Economic dimension
Traditional CSC performance is directed towards financial and operational indicators (Kunz & Gold, 2015). In
HSC, the added value of operations is defined by accomplishing general humanitarian ambitions like “saving
lives”. To do so, the main criteria to evaluate HSC performance are generally effectiveness, efficiency, and
equity (Gralla, Goentzel, & Fine, 2014).
Effectiveness is the capability of achieving the organization’s target. On a “value driven” organization, the
target will be to satisfy the customers needs. In HSC, donors ask for specific aims and target levels such as
numbers of households that are provided with humanitarian relief items, shelter, or education. In HSC literature,
the effectiveness objective usually corresponds to the demand satisfied. To measure it, different KPI are
proposed like population coverage, order fulfilment, stock-out minimization, etc. By looking at the specifics of
the three HSC processes, we define the effectiveness KPI of “source” as the effective replenishment, for
“make”, the strategic contingency stock level maintenance and for “deliver”, the needs coverage (real demand)
on time.
Equity considerations are still an exception in the humanitarian setting. We considered it as a complement of
effectiveness if it is part of the value attended by stakeholders (donors and beneficiaries respectively): respect
humanitarian principles. It also can be considered in the social dimension, as it has a direct link with societal
wellbeing. In fact, equity it has been define as the intersection between people and profits (Carter & Liane
Easton, 2011). Tzur measured the equity of HSC using the Gini Index (Tzur, 2016), a non-linear measurement
of inequality. Others have used the deprivation cost approach (Holguín-Veras, Pérez, Jaller, Van Wassenhove,
& Aros-Vera, 2013) or amount of suffering of the victims, or the disparity in demand satisfaction. Non-
discriminatory distribution is an objective for the “making” and “distribution” processes (contingency stock
maintenance, needs coverage). For the sourcing process, Field-observations at the IFRC shows that the objective
is the respect of commercial fair competition.
Efficiency can be defined as the ability to avoid wasting resources to attain a target. In HSC, this dimension
corresponds to the minimization of operations costs. Although making profit is not their objective, also non-
profit organizations care about financial well being, since financial stability is crucial to their missions and
survival. Cost KPIs have already been used as an objective function in many humanitarian distribution models
(Benita M. Beamon & Burcu Balcik, 2008). Regarding the upstream HSC, Beamon and Balcik identified three
dominating costs: the cost of supplies, distribution costs, and inventory holding costs. Other costs that can be
considered are the kitting or consolidation costs (cost of building emergency item kits).
Thus, we propose the performance criteria, objective and KPIS as presented in Table 1 to define and quantify
the economic TBL performance dimension of the HSC operations.
779
6. Laguna Salvadó et al. Sustainable Performance Measurement for HSC Operations
WiPe Paper – Logistics and Supply-Chain
Proceedings of the 14th ISCRAM Conference – Albi, France, May 2017
Tina Comes, Frédérick Bénaben, Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds.
Table 1 Economy criteria, objectives and KPIs
Criteria HSC Objective Source Make Deliver KPIs
Effectiveness
To satisfy demand on
time
x
x
x Needs coverage on time
Contingency stock level
Replenishment on time
Equity
Non-discriminatory
distribution
Fair competition
x
x x Gini Index, deprivation
cost
Sourcing process quality
Efficiency
Cost reduction x
x
x
x
Acquisition cost
Holding cost
Kitting cost
Distribution cost
Environmental dimension
The environmental impact of increasingly globalized Supply Chains has been widely investigated since the
1990’s . It has received huge attention and is the most developed concept of the TBL. “Green business”, or the
corporate’s commitment to environmental protection has been demonstrated that leads to competitive
advantages (Esty & Winston, 2009), as it seen as an opportunity for growth and profit. Thus, corporations have
an incentive to publish more and more environmental policy statements, without any mechanism to control. This
behaviour has generated some scepticism, and the creation of the “green-washing” term. One approach to face
this skepticism in the light of many ineffective policies is the adoption of international standards like ISO
14001, which is implemented by many supply chain companies.
The CSC literature contends that logistic operations can influence particularly pollution (i.e. air, noise), and the
conservation of resources (i.e. energy, water, etc.) (Murphy & Poist, 2003). Thus, we make the hypothesis that
performance on those two areas constitute the environmental dimension on the specifics of HSC.
The objectives of measuring environmental pollution are mostly to reduce green house gas (GHG) emissions,
and to manage hazardous materials resources. Hazardous materials are rare in HSC, but they may be present as
part of the wastes (e.g., medical disposals, which was an important consideration in the Ebola response).
However, we consider that its management is part of the downstream HSC, out of the perimeter of this study.
Regarding GHG, the most widely used KPI is CO2 direct and indirect emissions, or the carbon footprint,
coming from life cycle assessment approaches (LCA) (Baumann, 2011). Carbon emissions can be differentiated
between two categories: stationary source (emissions from material processing, manufacturing, and
warehousing) and non-stationary source (emissions from inbound and out-bound logistics) (Sundarakani, de
Souza, Goh, Wagner, & Manikandan, 2010). On the green SCOR reference model best practices and
performance metrics are suggested by each of the SCOR processes regarding pollution reduction and resource
conservation. However, there is not an agreed framework for measuring i.e the environmental footprint of the
supply chain.
The resource conservation objective is to reduce wastes like energy, water, packaging, etc. Resources are
consumed all along the Supply Chain processes. Inventory immobilization (contingency stock) generates
significant energy consumption especially in warm countries (air conditioning). Choices on the packaging or
transportation mode may influence the quantity of packaging consumption.
We summarize the criteria on the environmental dimension in Table 2.
Table 2 Ecology criteria, objectives and KPIs
Criteria Objective Source Make Deliver KPI
Pollution Reduce GHG emission x x x Carbon Footprint
Ressource
conservation
Reduce waste (energy,
water, packaging…)
x x x Resources consumption
780
7. Laguna Salvadó et al. Sustainable Performance Measurement for HSC Operations
WiPe Paper – Logistics and Supply-Chain
Proceedings of the 14th ISCRAM Conference – Albi, France, May 2017
Tina Comes, Frédérick Bénaben, Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds.
Social
The Social dimension is the least developed in the TBL framework; it has been typically neglected in
quantitative models (Brandenburg et al. 2014). In holistic social definitions, there are many criteria that can be
found: education, equity and access to social resources, health and well-being, quality of life, and social capital.
We differentiate between internal and external factors. In HSC operations, internal factors are related to labour
conditions and external factors with community empowerment. Both criteria builds the social sustainability
performance as Table 3 shows.
Labour conditions are related with the 2030 ASD, which aims at enhancing prosperity by reducing poverty and
economic disparity (wages), gender equality or decent work. The labour conditions objective for the HSC seeks
to preserve health and security of employees, and ensure good conditions of work (Baumann, 2011).
One pillar of a humanitarian’s organization strategy (HWS 2015) is to empower local communities with the aim
of improving disaster resilience (amongst others) (Comes, 2016). Community empowerment can be seen as an
external influence including contribution to employment and the creation of wealth. Many authors refer also to
positive impact of local sourcing as an action of community empowerment (Kovács & Spens, 2011; Kunz &
Gold, 2015) with a positive impact on regional economic development. Therefore, the current trend is favouring
local sourcing wherever possible (Ira Haavisto & Gyöngyi Kovács, 2014).
Table 3 Social criteria, objectives and KPIs
Criteria Objective Source Make Deliver KPI
Local communities
empowerment
Local suppliers (and market)
development
Create job and wealth
x
x
x
x
x
x
Local suppliers
selection rate
Local
employment
Labor conditions
Ensure good conditions of
work and preserve health and
security of employees
x x x HSE quality
assessment
DISCUSSION & FURTHER RESEARCH
This study aims to translate sustainability concepts into a measurable HSC performance definition. The proposal
set up concrete criteria, objectives and KPI set for analyzing the operations impact on the TBL approach. Figure
1 illustrates the proposed approach with the “House of HSC Sustainable Operations”.
781
8. Laguna Salvadó et al. Sustainable Performance Measurement for HSC Operations
WiPe Paper – Logistics and Supply-Chain
Proceedings of the 14th ISCRAM Conference – Albi, France, May 2017
Tina Comes, Frédérick Bénaben, Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds.
Figure 1. The House of HSC Sustainable Operations
The House of Sustainable Operations is based on the HSC operational processes: Source, Make, Deliver. Each
pillar is built on the related sustainable performance criteria. To enhance an overall sustainable performance, the
three pillars have to be balanced, so the roof is in equilibrium. This image reflects the importance of considering
all the TBL performance objectives to enhance an overall sustainable performance. Carter and Rogers (2008)
emphasize that organizations which pursuit to maximize performance of all the three pillars simultaneously will
outperform organizations that only maximize the economic performance, or the ones that attempt to achieve
high levels of social and environmental performance without explicit considerations of economic performance.
Thus, enhancing sustainable performance may become an “order winner” even in the humanitarian sector.
One limitation of this proposal is the lack of consideration of sustainability as a holistic approach as suggested
by many authors ( Brandenburg et al. 2014; Carter and Rogers 2008; Okongwu, Morimoto, and Lauras 2013).
The focus has been on the operations of the HSC, even if indirectly the strategy has been considered.
Nonetheless, we have not considered the impact of other organizational process, for example, the design of the
HSC, which has an impact on the TBL performance achievement. While in the past, a fragmented and siloed
approach was typical, where Decision-Makers did not recognize the interrelationships between strategic of the
overall organizational issues and operations. Thus, next steps will include working explicitly towards an
integration of this proposal with the strategic processes of the HSC.
Planning HSC upstream operations
The main ambition of our proposal is to establish a basis to quantify the sustainability of HSC operations. One
of the next steps is to implement this performance framework in a concrete case.
Even though HSC must deal with an increasing number of crises, the humanitarian setting is characterized by a
lack of planning (Ira Haavisto, Gyöngyi Kovács, 2014). Moreover, sustainability assessments are typically used
for reporting (ex posteriori), and not for planning or operational decision-making (a priori). Previous research
highlights the potential of using DSS to improve decision-making capacity, especially on the future evolutions
of the HSC, where the warehouse locations tend to increase (Laguna Salvadó et al., 2016). The development of
Decision Support Systems (DSS) to coordinate the operations between the network members may facilitate
efficient and effective flows of both physical and information, to quickly adapt to demand changes, and to
introduce the TBL approach on the Decision making process.
The sustainable HSC performance suggested on this study is intended to be the base to develop DSS that permit
to optimize the planning of the HSC operations regarding the TBL impacts. Today there are few (or no)
performance measurement considered during tactical HSC decision-making. Therefore, we aim at developing a
DSS that contributes to bridging the gap between academics and practitioners by considering field-grounded
practitioners needs.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thanks the IFRC for their support, and specially Mathieu Grenade (Asia Pacific IFRC
Logistic Development Coordinator) for sharing his knowledge of the Humanitarian Supply Chain.
REFERENCES
Balcik, B., Beamon, B. M., Krejci, C. C., Muramatsu, K. M., & Ramirez, M. (2010). Coordination in
humanitarian relief chains: Practices, challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Production
Economics, 126(1), 22–34.
Baumann, E. (2011). Modèles d’évaluation des performances économique, environnementale et sociale dans les
chaînes logistiques. INSA de Lyon. Retrieved from
Benita M. Beamon, & Burcu Balcik. (2008). Performance measurement in humanitarian relief chains.
International Journal of Public Sector Management, 21(1), 4–25.
Beske, P. (2012). Dynamic capabilities and sustainable supply chain management. International Journal of
Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 42(4), 372–387.
Carter, C. R., & Liane Easton, P. (2011). Sustainable supply chain management: evolution and future directions.
International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 41(1), 46–62.
Carter, C. R., & Rogers, D. S. (2008). A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward
782
9. Laguna Salvadó et al. Sustainable Performance Measurement for HSC Operations
WiPe Paper – Logistics and Supply-Chain
Proceedings of the 14th ISCRAM Conference – Albi, France, May 2017
Tina Comes, Frédérick Bénaben, Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds.
new theory. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 38(5), 360–387.
Comes, T. (2016). Designing for Networked Community Resilience. Procedia Engineering, 159, 6–11.
Comes, T., Van de Walle, B., Laguna Salvadó, L., & Lauras, M. (2015). Understanding the Health Disaster:
Research Design for the Response to the 2014 West African Ebola Outbreak. Presented at the HumTech2015,
Boston.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Longitudinal Field Research Methods,
65–90.
Esty, D., & Winston, A. (2009). Green to Gold: How Smart Companies Use Environmental Strategy to
Innovate, Create Value, and Build Competitive Advantage. John Wiley & Sons.
Gopal, P. r. c., & Thakkar, J. (2012). A review on supply chain performance measures and metrics: 2000‐2011.
International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 61(5), 518–547.
Gralla, E., Goentzel, J., & Fine, C. (2014). Assessing Trade-offs among Multiple Objectives for Humanitarian
Aid Delivery Using Expert Preferences. Production and Operations Management, 23(6), 978–989.
Hall, T. J. (2011). The triple bottom line: what is it and how does it work? Indiana Business Review, 86(1), 4.
Holguín-Veras, J., Pérez, N., Jaller, M., Van Wassenhove, L. N., & Aros-Vera, F. (2013). On the appropriate
objective function for post-disaster humanitarian logistics models. Journal of Operations Management, 31(5),
262–280.
Ira Haavisto, & Gyöngyi Kovács. (2014). Perspectives on sustainability in humanitarian supply chains. Disaster
Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 23(5), 610–631.
Klumpp, M., De Leeuw, S., Regattieri, A., & de Souza, R. (2015). Humanitarian Logistics and Sustainability.
Springer.
Kovács, G., & Spens, K. M. (2011). Trends and developments in humanitarian logistics – a gap analysis.
International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 41(1), 32–45.
Kunz, N., & Gold, S. (2015). Sustainable humanitarian supply chain management – exploring new theory.
International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 1–20.
Laguna Salvadó, L., Lauras, M., Comes, T., & Grenade, M. (2016). A study on the sub-regionalization of
Humanitarian Supply Chain: the IFRC case. Presented at the ISCRAM 2016, Rio de Janeiro: ISCRAM 2016.
Laguna Salvadó, L., Lauras, M., Comes, T., & Van de Walle, B. (2015). Towards More Relevant Research on
Humanitarian Disaster Management Coordination. Presented at the ISCRAM 2015 Conference, Kristiansand.
Murphy, P. R., & Poist, R. F. (2003). Green perspectives and practices: a ‘comparative logistics’ study. Supply
Chain Management: An International Journal, 8(2), 122–131.
Okongwu, U., Morimoto, R., & Lauras, M. (2013). The maturity of supply chain sustainability disclosure from a
continuous improvement perspective. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,
62(8), 827–855.
Pojasek, R. B. (2012). Understanding sustainability: An organizational perspective. Environmental Quality
Management, 21(3), 93–100.
Savitz, A. (2012). The Triple Bottom Line: How Today’s Best-Run Companies Are Achieving Economic, Social
and Environmental Success -- and How You Can Too. John Wiley & Sons.
Sundarakani, B., de Souza, R., Goh, M., Wagner, S. M., & Manikandan, S. (2010). Modeling carbon footprints
across the supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics, 128(1), 43–50.
Tzur, M. (2016, March 5). The humanitarian pickup and distribution problem.
Vaillancourt, A. (2015). Consolidation in Humanitarian Logistics. Svenska handelshögskolan. Retrieved from
https://helda.helsinki.fi/dhanken/handle/10138/155629
783