NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development ) of India conducted several experiments with the help of KfW and Giz in the area of sustainable Natural Resource Management

1. Sustainable Natural Resource
Management – NABARD
experiences
By
D V Deshpande
Professor
VAMNICOM, Pune (India)
dvdesh@gmail.com
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2. What is sustainability
• Avoidance of the depletion of natural
resources in order to maintain an ecological
balance- "the pursuit of global
environmental sustainability“
• Sustainability focuses on meeting the
needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet
their needs. (Brundtland Commission (formally known as the
World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), 1987)
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3. • The concept of sustainability is composed
of three pillars: economic, environmental,
and social—also known informally as
profits, planet, and people- “Triple
bottomline”
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4. The 17 sustainable
development goals
(SDGs) to transform our
world:
GOAL 1: No Poverty
GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
GOAL 3: Good Health and
Well-being
GOAL 4: Quality Education
GOAL 5: Gender Equality
GOAL 6: Clean Water and
Sanitation
GOAL 7: Affordable and
Clean Energy
GOAL 8: Decent Work and
Economic Growth
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GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation
and Infrastructure
GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities
and Communities
GOAL 12: Responsible
Consumption and Production
GOAL 13: Climate Action
GOAL 14: Life Below Water
GOAL 15: Life on Land
GOAL 16: Peace and Justice
Strong Institutions
GOAL 17: Partnerships to
achieve the Goal

5. What is a Natural resources
A natural resource is something that is found
in nature and can be used by people. Earth's
natural resources include light, air, water,
plants, animals, soil, stone, minerals, and
fossil fuels
Two types of natural resources:
• Renewable
• Non-renewable
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6. NABARD EXPERIENCES
• Watershed
• Tribal development through “wadi”-
orchard
• UPNRM
• Model projects for water saving
• FPO
• SHG/ JLG models
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7. Model bankable schemes on
Nabard website: www.nabard.org
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8. Need for watershed
development in India
• Skewed Rainfall pattern:
250 mm to 3350 mm
• Uneven distribution
• Soil Erosion
• Land degradation
 Poor productivity – low income
from agriculture
• Drinking water problem

9. Rainfed areas – Indian Context
• Occupy 105 m.ha out of 142 m.ha arable land
• Produce 90% of oilseeds and pulses and 70%
of coarse cereals
• Supports 66% of cattle and 40% of
population
• Characterised by soil erosion, uneven rainfall
and meagre moisture retention
• 80% of land holdings do not produce any
marketable surplus

10. Problems of rainfed farming
• Drought effect – low productivity
• Single crop in a year
• Depleting groundwater table
• Low employment
• Migration under duress
• Drinking water problem
• Fodder problem
• Poverty trap – low income, low asset
holding, low credit flow, low production,
low income

11. What is the remedy?
Watershed could solve some
problem!!

12. Watershed:
A watershed can be defined as an an area from which rain
water flows into a single stream.
watershed approach is arguably an ideal approach for
planning.
‘Watershed development’ refers to the conservation,
regeneration and judicious use of human and natural
resources such as water, land, plants, animals within a
watershed.
Watershed development approach attempts to bring about
a balance in the environment between natural resources
on one side and man and grazing animals on the other.

14. Major Principles of the programme:
Participatory approach / participatory
net planning
Development from ‘Ridge to Valley’
Community contribution
Social fencing
Women Development

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Context: The Rain-fed Regions
• 60% of Country’s NSA (~85 m Ha)
• Typically, UHM (undulating, hilly & mountainous)
• Cereal-based, Monsoon Dependent, Mono-
cropped Farming System
– Highly Vulnerable; Unstable/Unsustainable
• Low Inputs, Yields, Outputs & Incomes
– Yields 1/3rd of country average; Value ~Rs 7,000/Ha
• Low Capital Investment, Poor Husbandry,
Resource Degradation
• Little Scope for Large & Medium Irrigation
• Huge Ecological Variation, Locally & Globally
– Within Villages/Micro-watersheds; Across Regions

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Context: The Rain-fed Regions
• Poorest States/Regions
– A Majority of 100 Poorest Districts
• Distinctly More Rural – 80% to 90%
• Home to Almost All the Scheduled Tribes
• Most Food Insecure (3 to 9 months)
• High Involuntary Migration
• High Consumption-related Indebtedness
– Often leads to Land being grabbed by money
lenders

17. 17
Plantation
Sabai grass
Gully plugging
5% + WHS
Seepage tank
Kharif paddy
growing area
Integrated NRM in watershed : An Example

18. Umbrella Programme on
Natural Resource Management
(UPNRM)
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19. UPNRM (Umbrella Programme on
Natural Resource Management)
 Cooperation policy - GoI and Germany –2009
 Funding from KfW, GIZ
 NRM “awareness generation to utilisation of NR for
sustainable livelihood generation”
 Grant based to Loan based Model
 Project based to Programme based approach

20. Guiding Principles
1. Pro-poor
• employment opportunities, reduce
indebtness, improve access to credit
2. Environmental sustainability
• conserve/ protect the natural resource base
of the project area
3. Strengthen decentralised Governance
• strengthening mechanism for decision
making, control over funds, equity in
ownership and use of resources

21. Five Guiding Principles..contd
4. Community Participation
• planning and implementation through
appropriate systems
5. Integrated Need Based Approach
• need based projects
• merge with various disciplinary
perspectives

22. Sectors Covered
a) Core / priority areas:
• Soil and water conservation
• Plantation and horticulture (tree based farming,
Bamboo based farming, wadi development, organic
farming, energy plantations)
• Forestry activities (rehabilitation and management
/Community Forest management, biodiversity
conservation)
• Farming systems management (including livestock
and aquaculture resources)
• Climate change adaptation / Clean Development
Mechanism

23. Sectors Covered
b) Supplementary / support areas:
• Forward and backward linkages and livelihood
generating activities processing, storage,
marketing, supply chain
• Critical rural infrastructure (including rural
roads, minor irrigation, drinking water)
• Renewable energy (micro/mini-hydel, biomass
based power generation, bio-fuels, wind-power,
solar power)
• Livelihood generating activities (dairy, poultry,
fisheries, etc)

24. Sectors Covered
c) Information and Knowledge Management
 Enablers to support to allow the first two groups
function effectively :
 Grant for Capacity Building, Information and
Knowledge Management Systems, etc.

25. Channel Partners
• Agencies supported under UPNRM:
• NGOs
• Community Based Organisations
• Micro Finance Institutions
• Corporates
• Producer Companies
• Banks
• State Governments

26. Wadi Programme (tribal
development based on small
orchard)
• Loan cum grant model
• NGO involvement
• Orchard of local fruits , vegetable
developed
• Non farm development also taken up
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27. Technologies which are
ecofriendly
• Drip
• Sprinkler
• Precision farming
• Solar energy
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28. • There are many initiatives of NABARD for
sustainable development
• Contact NABARD Regional Office /
District Development Manager (DDM)
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29. Thank you
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