The document discusses the challenges of surviving underwater at extreme depths like the Mariana Trench. It notes that without a submarine and pressure protection, the respiratory system would fail due to pressure, the lungs would pop like a balloon, and differences in pressure could cause blood vessels in the lower body to squeeze, cutting off blood to the legs. It also provides facts about the submarine used to reach the bottom of the trench, including how it used 70 tons of gasoline in floats to relieve pressure during the descent.