Surgeons are physicians who repair injuries and remove damaged organs through various surgeries, often working 60 hours per week including holidays and weekends while overseeing medical assistants. They require 4 years of medical school, 6 years of residency including 3 years of specialization, a bachelor's degree, and good high school courses in anatomy, chemistry, and other sciences. Surgeons earn salaries from $164,640 to $166,400 nationally with opportunities expected to remain good, and receive benefits like paid time off and health insurance.