Super Sure MCQs on ManagementCommerce PART 7.pdf

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PART - 7
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Answer Questions 1 to 5 on the basis of the given case study.
Mohan runs a Dhaba near Murthal; he follows a rigid and strict
policy of punishing the employees. He cut their salary or even held
their increment or gave them threats of termination in case of
discrepancies in the work. No advice or consultation is taken from
the employees or the workers in running the dhaba. He doesn’t have
any confidence in the skills of the workers. In the absence of any
motivation or incentive, workers are not ready to suggest anything
to the owner. Dhaba experiences a high labour turnover ratio and
the business is adversely affected due to the same.
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Which among the following principles of management is discussed
in the paragraph given above?
Options:
(a) Organising
(b) Controlling
(c) Planning
(d) Directing

Correct Option/Answer: (d) Directing
Explanation: The principle of management discussed in the above
paragraph is directing. The employees are not allowed to express
their feelings and opinions freely, as their jobs and incentives are in
danger.

Which style of leadership is followed by Mohan?
Options:
(a) Autocratic
(b) Democratic
(c) Laissez-faire
(d) None of the above

Correct Option/Answer: (a) Autocratic
Explanation: Mohan adopts an autocratic style of leadership as he
provides them with instructions and punishes them by deducting
their salary or threatening them with termination.

Which among the following needs are overlooked by Mohan as per
Maslow’s need hierarchy theory?
Options:
(a) Basic physiological needs
(b) Safety needs
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Social needs

Correct Option/Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)
Explanation: The two needs overlooked by Mohan include basic
physiological needs, which include primary needs like hunger,
shelter and thirst. The safety needs, including job security and
protection from physical harm for the employees, are also violated
by Mohan. As employees are allowed to talk while working, social
needs are fulfilled.

Which among the following types of barriers is/are created by
Mohan in the Dhaba?
Options:
(a) Lack of confidence of superior over subordinates
(b) Lack of proper incentives
(c) Lack of security
(d) All of the above

Correct Option/Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: The types of barriers in Mohan’s Dhaba are as follows:
1. The superiors don’t have confidence and trust towards their
subordinates.
2. Mohan delays and deducts incentives. Even their salaries are
deducted in case of discrepancies.
3. Mohan does not ensure the security of his employees as he
threatens them for termination.

Which among the following is not a feature of leadership?
Options:
(a) It is a continuous process.
(b) It is a tool to achieve the goals of the organisation.
(c) It can influence others.
(d) It scares the employees and breaks the relationship between the
employer and employee.

Correct Option/Answer: (d) It scares the employees and breaks the
relationship between the employer and the employee.
Explanation: The features of leadership include the following:
1. It is a continuous process.
2. It helps in achieving the goals of the organisation.
3. They can influence others.
4. The relationship between the employer and employees is built
and employees learn from a good leader.

___________ strategy affects an organization from top to bottom; it affects all
functional & divisional areas of a business.
Options:
(a) Planning
(b) Implementation
(c) Forming
(d) Crafting

Correct Option/Answer: (b)
Explanation: Implementation strategy affects an organization from top to bottom;
it affects all functional & divisional areas of a business. Therefore, the correct
option is (b).
What are implementation strategies?
Implementation strategies can be defined as methods or techniques used to
enhance the adoption, implementation, and sustainability of a clinical program or
practice [15]. A growing literature on implementation strategies provides a
window into their type, range, and nature.

What are the steps of implementation?
Project implementation: Eight steps to success
1. Prepare the infrastructure.
2. Coordinate with the organizations involved in implementation.
3. Implement training.
4. Install the production solution.
5. Convert the data.
6. Perform final verification in production.
7. Implement new processes and procedures.
8. Monitor the solution.

_______ means starting all over, starting from scratch.
Options:
(a) Benchmarking
(b) Strategic change
(c) Business process re-engineering
(d) Strategic leadership

Correct Option/Answer: (c)
Explanation: Business Process Re-engineering means starting all over, starting
from scratch. Therefore, the correct answer is (c).
What is meant by benchmarking?
Benchmarking is defined as the process of measuring products, services, and
processes against those of organizations known to be leaders in one or more
aspects of their operations.
Competitive benchmarking is the process of comparing your company against a
number of competitors using a set collection of metrics. This is used to measure
the performance of a company and compare it to others over time. This will often
include looking at the practice behind these metrics as well.

Robert C Camp
The development of benchmarking is described by the Xerox executive Robert C
Camp, universally regarded as the founding father of the benchmark process, in
his 1989 book: The search for industry best practices that lead to superior
performance.
Who started benchmarking?
Xerox Corp.
Modern benchmarking was started by Xerox Corp. in the late 1970s. The largest
copier manufacturer then initiated an effort to compare itself to competitors in
terms of unit manufacturing costs and copier features.

What is business process reengineering with example?
Business process reengineering examples: company selling commemorative
cards. In a company that offers products such as Christmas, anniversary,
commemorative cards, etc., renewing the stock and changing the design of the
cards is constantly fundamental.
Business process re-engineering is a business management strategy, originally
pioneered in the early 1990s, focusing on the analysis and design of workflows
and business processes within an organization.
Business Process Reengineering involves the radical redesign of core business
processes to achieve dramatic improvements in productivity, cycle times and
quality. In Business Process Reengineering, companies start with a blank sheet of
paper and rethink existing processes to deliver more value to the customer.

Who is the founder of BPR?
Michael Hammer
The founder of the Business Process Reengineering concept is Michael Hammer.
By joining our e-learning platform, you will get unlimited access to all (1000+)
articles, templates, videos and many more! Michael Hammer published the article
'Reengineering Work: Do not Automate, Obliterate' in 1990.
Who formulated theory of reengineering?
The purpose of reengineering is to make all processes the best possible. American
efficiency engineer Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856–1915) suggested in the 1880s
that managers could discover the best processes for performing work
and reengineer them to optimize productivity.

What is the role of strategic leadership?
The-Strategic-Leader
They integrate the vision, creativity and innovation necessary for long term
success with the operational focus and understanding that maintains
organisational stability. The Strategic Leader is able to connect with the people
around them and has strong performance expectations.
Strategic Leadership is the ability to influence others to voluntarily make decisions
that enhance the prospects for the organization's long-term success while
maintaining short-term financial stability.

Which of these deal with the impact of strategy formulation on
strategy implementation?
Options:
(a) Forward linkages
(b) Backward linkages
(c) Both a and b
(d) None of these

Correct Option/Answer: (a)
Explanation: Forward linkages deals with the impact of strategy formulation on
strategy implementation. Backward linkages encompass subcontracting, supplier
contracts, input service collaborations and hence can create employment and
offer the potential for enhancing domestic manufacturing capacity. Therefore, the
correct answer is option (a).
The formulation and implementation processes are intertwined.
Two linkages exit between formulation and implementation. Forward linkages
deal with the impact of the formulation on implementation. Backward
linkages are concerned with the impact of the implementation on formulation.

Which is not the principal aspect in implementation of strategy ?
Options:
(a) Developing Budget
(b) Staffing the organization
(c) Creating Company Culture
(d) Uninstalling Information system

Explanation: The principal aspects in implementation of strategy are:
(a) Developing Budget
(b) Creating Company Culture
(c) Uninstalling Information system

Which one of the following is not an objective of MIS?
Options:
(a) To facilitate the decision making process
(b) Provide required information at each level of management
(c) Provide support in decision making
(d) Recruitment of people for an organisation

Correct Option/Answer: (d)
Explanation: The objectives of MIS are:
(a) To facilitate the decision making process
(b) Provide required information at each level of management
(c) Provide support in decision making

The objective of MIS is to provide information for decision making on planning,
initiating, organizing, and controlling the operations of the subsystems of the firm
and to provide a synergistic organization in the process. It facilitates the decisions-
making process by furnishing information in the proper time frame.

What is the process that converts the data into information and
knowledge?
Options:
(a) Information system
(b) Management system
(c) Storage system
(d) Data system

Correct Option/Answer: (a)
Explanation: Information system is the process that transforms the data into
information and knowledge. Therefore, the correct answer is (a).

Which one of the following functions enumerated by Frederick Harbison with
regards to women entrepreneur:
(i) Supervision and leadership
(ii) Coordination,Administration and Control
(iii) Exploration of the prospects of starting a new business enterprise
(iv) Introduction of of innovations
Options:
(a) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(b) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

Explanation: The functions enumerated by Frederick Harbison with regards to
women entrepreneur are:
(a) Supervision and leadership
(b) Coordination,Administration and Control
(c) Exploration of the prospects of starting a new business enterprise
(d) Introduction of of innovations

Frederick Harbison (1956) has enumerated the following five functions of a
woman entrepreneur:
1. Exploration of the prospects of starting a new business enterprise.
2. Undertaking of risks and the handling of economic uncertainties involved in
business.
3. Introduction of innovations or imitation of innovations.
4. Coordination, administration and control.
5. Supervision and leadership.

____ is used to calculate the price changes for the fixed assets and
capital goods.
Options:
(a) CLI
(b) CGPI
(c) CFPI
(d) PPI

Correct Option/Answer: (b) CGPI
Explanation: Capital Goods Price Index (CGPI) is used to calculate the price
changes in capital goods or the country's fixed assets. This is calculated to
ascertain the rate of inflation and the economic status of the country.
What is the price index for capital goods?
The Capital Goods Price Index (CGPI) is part of the country's overall Business Price
Index and one of the main indices for inflation measurement in the economy,
which helps to guide monetary policy. The CGPI is produced every quarter.

What is PPI and CPI?
There are two inflationary measures in our economy, the Consumer Price
Index (CPI) and the Producer Price Index (PPI). CPI is a measure of the total value
of goods and services consumers have bought over a specified period, while PPI is
a measure of inflation from the perspective of producers.

Statement I: Decrease or fall in the prices of goods and services in the country is
known as deflation.
Statement II: Increase in the rate of inflation within a regular period of time is
known as disinflation.
Options:
(a) Statement I is correct, but statement II is incorrect
(b) Statement II is correct, but statement I is incorrect
(c) Both statements are correct
(d) Both statements are incorrect

Correct Option/Answer: (a) Statement I is correct, but statement II is incorrect
Explanation: The first statement is correct, as a decrease or fall in the prices of
goods and services in the country is known as deflation. While the second
statement is incorrect as a decrease or decline in the rate of inflation within a
regular period of time is known as disinflation.

Which among the following is an income that is earned by small
business firms in the country?
Options:
(a) Personal Income
(b) Private Income
(c) Proprietors Income
(d) Rental Income

Correct Option/Answer: (c) Proprietors Income
Explanation: The income earned by small business firms in the
country is computed as proprietary income for calculating the
national income of the country. It can be said that the income which
is earned by the non-corporates is treated as the proprietor’s
income.

Assertion (A): The profit earned by the firms in the cartel model of the oligopoly is
more than the profits earned by them independently.
Reason (R): The cartel model of oligopoly may cut prices or quantities to earn
profits that could invite legal acts like the Governments MRTP Act.
Codes:
(a) (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correct
(d) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect

Correct Option/Answer: (b) (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the
correct explanation of (A)
Explanation: Both assertion and reason are correct as the profit
earned by the firms in the cartel model of oligopoly is more than the
profits earned by them independently. The cartel model of oligopoly
may cut prices or quantities to earn profits that could invite legal
acts like the Governments MRTP Act. However, reason doesn’t
explain the assertion; these two are individual statements.

Assertion (A): Tall structures result in a narrow span of control.
Reason (R): Few subordinates are controlled by the single supervisor
forming multiple levels of hierarchy.
Codes:

Correct Option/Answer: (a) (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
Explanation: Both reason and assertion are correct and reason
explains the assertion correctly as tall structures result in a narrow
span of control as, under a narrow span of control, few subordinates
are controlled by a single supervisor forming multiple levels of
hierarchy.

Which among the following quadrants of Johari Window denotes
the expression, “Not known to self but known to others”?
Options:
(a) Hidden
(b) Unknown
(c) Blind
(d) Open

Correct Option/Answer: (c) Blind
Explanation: The expression, “Not known to self but known to
others” depicts the quadrant blind in the Johari Window. The details
of all the quadrants are as follows:
1. Open: Known to both self and others
2. Hidden: Not known to others but known to self
3. Blind: Not known to self but known to others
4. Unknown: Not known to both self and others

Statement I: The grid about relationship orientation and task orientation denotes
six basic leadership styles.
Statement II: Dedicated style of leadership states high task orientation but low
relationship orientation.
Codes:

Correct Option/Answer: (b) Statement II is correct, but statement I
is incorrect
Explanation: The grid about relationship orientation and task
orientation denotes four basic styles of leadership i.e. related,
integrated, separated and dedicated styles of leadership. Dedicated
style of leadership states high task orientation but low relationship
orientation.
Therefore, only statement two is correct and option (b) is the correct
answer.

According to Herzberg, which among the following is/are treated as the
motivational factor(s)?
1. Status
2. Growth
3. Recognition
4. Responsibility
Codes:
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) Only 1
(d) Both 1 and 3

Correct Option/Answer: (b) 2, 3 and 4
Explanation: The motivational factors of Herzberg state the factors
that denote a positive effect on the employee’s satisfaction.
Examples of motivational factors are as follows:
1. Achievement
2. Recognition
3. Work itself
4. Advancement
5. Growth
6. Responsibility

Which among the following behaviours is not included in Type A
behaviour?
Options:
1. Patient and cool
2. Unpredictable behaviour
3. Workaholic
4. Both (a) and (b)

Correct Option/Answer: (d) Both (a) and (b)
Explanation: Type A Behaviour consists of the following behaviours of individuals:
1. Aggressive
2. Ambitious
3. Hard-working
4. High standards for self
5. Workaholic
6. Lack of interpersonal skills
7. Lack patience.

Which among the following levels of organisational culture is also
known as the middle layer?
Options:
1. Espoused Values
2. Observable Artefacts of Culture
3. Common Assumptions
4. None of the above

Correct Option/Answer: (a) Espoused Values
Explanation: The three layers of organisational culture are as follows:
1. Top Layer – Observable Artefacts of Culture
2. Middle Layer –Espoused Values
3. Base Layer – Common Assumptions

Statement I: Dutiful whistle-blowers have the responsibility of reporting
misconduct or wrongdoings of the organisations.
Statement II: The policy of whistle-blower in which the identity is kept hidden is
known as anonymous whistleblowers.
Options:

Correct Option/Answer: (c) Both statements are correct
Explanation: Both statements are correct as dutiful whistleblowers
have the responsibility of reporting misconduct or wrong doings of
the organisations. The policy of whistle-blower in which the identity
is kept hidden is known as anonymous whistleblowers.

Statement I: Sexual harassment, discriminatory policies, exclusion, intimidation,
insults, incivility are different types of discriminations faced by people in the
organisation.
Statement II: Dominant orientation, conflict management, individual autonomy,
organisational structures are dimensions of organisational climate.
Options:

Explanation:
Sexual harassment, discriminatory policies, exclusion, intimidation,
insults, incivility are the types of discriminations faced by people in
the organisation. Dominant orientation, conflict management,
individual autonomy, organisational structures are dimensions of
organisational climate.

Statement I: The workload of the organisation in the coming years is estimated by
work study techniques.
Statement II: Workforce analysis, workload analysis and job analysis are the three
types of analysis under work study techniques.
Options:

Explanation: Both statements are correct as the workload of the
organisation in the coming years is estimated by the work study
techniques. Workforce analysis, workload analysis and job analysis
are the three types of analysis under the work study techniques.
Therefore, both statements are correct and option (c) is the correct
answer.

Codes:
A B C D
(a) 1 3 2 4
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 3 2 1 4
(d) 1 2 4 3
List 1 List 2
Job Summary Write-up about the job
Job Title Description of the task to be done
Job Activities Designation
Working Condition Time and days

Correct Option/Answer: (a) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
List 1 List 2
A. Job Summary 1. Write-up about the job
B. Job Title 3. Designation
C. Job Activities 2. Description of the task to be done
D. Working Condition 4. Time and days

A B C
(a) 2 1 3
(b) 3 2 1
(c) 2 3 1
(d) 3 1 2
List 1 List 2
Strategy Map Quantification of strategy map
HR Scorecard Presents the way by which each division contributes in
attaining overall strategic goals.
HR Audits Comprehensive method of reviewing the policies and
procedures of human resource.

Correct Option/Answer: (a) A-2, B-1, C-3
List 1 List 2
A. Strategy Map 2. Presents the way by which each division
contributes in attaining overall strategic goals.
B. HR Scorecard 1. Quantification of strategy map
C. HR Audits 3. Comprehensive method of reviewing the
policies and procedures of human resource.

In which among the following multi-person evaluation techniques
is an employee rated between two extremes in a predetermined
distribution scale?
Options:
(a) Field Review Method
(b) Paired Comparison
(c) Forced Distribution Method
(d) Ranking Method

Correct Option/Answer: (c) Forced Distribution Method
Explanation: Forced Distribution Method is a multi-person
evaluation technique under which an employee is rated between
two extremes in the predetermined distribution scale. The criteria
involved in rating are promotability and job performance. Therefore,
option (c) is correct

Statement 1: Halo effect is a judgement error under performance appraisal in
which one trait of an employee affects the evaluation of raters while evaluating
other attributes.
Statement 2: The first impression is a judgement error, also known as a secondary
effect.
Codes:
(a) Both statements are correct
(b) Only statement 1 is correct
(c) Only statement 2 is correct

Correct Option/Answer: (b) Only statement 1 is correct
Explanation: The first statement is correct as the halo effect is a
judgement error under performance appraisal in which one trait of
an employee affects the evaluation of raters while evaluating other
attributes. The second statement is incorrect as the first impression
is a judgement error, also known as the primary effect.

Assertion (A): The perspective of the balanced scorecard is to have a high
customer satisfaction ratio.
Reason (R): The relationship of the customer with the superiors, subordinates or
co-workers helps in assessing the customer satisfactory ratio.
Codes:

Correct Option/Answer: (a) (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
Explanation: The perspective of the balanced scorecard is to have a
high customer satisfaction ratio. The relationship of the customer
with the superiors, subordinates or co-workers helps in assessing the
customer satisfactory ratio. Therefore, both assertion and reason is
correct and reason explains the assertion correctly.

What is Balanced Scorecard in HR?
The balanced scorecard is a strategy performance management
tool. The scorecard lists financials goals, customer goals, internal
business goals, and innovation & learning goals. These four goals
give a good overview of what the company tries to achieve, i.e. the
company strategy.
A balanced scorecard is a strategy performance management tool –
a well structured report, that can be used by managers to keep track
of the execution of activities by the staff within their control and to
monitor the consequences arising from these actions.

Question: The correct sequence of evolution of marketing concepts?
Options :
(a) The Production Concept, The Selling Concept, The Marketing Concept, The
Societal Marketing Concept, The Product Concept
(b) The Product Concept, The Selling Concept, The Marketing Concept, The
Production Concept, The Societal Marketing Concept
(c) The Production Concept, The Product Concept, The Selling Concept, The
Marketing Concept, The Societal Marketing Concept
(d) The Production Concept, The Product Concept, The Marketing Concept, The
Selling Concept, The Societal Marketing Concept

Explanation:
Evolution of marketing concepts in correct order is
1. The Production Concept
2. The Product Concept
3. The Selling Concept
4. The Marketing Concept
5. The Societal Marketing Concept

1. (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
2. (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
3. (i) (iii) (iv) (ii)
4. (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
Product Mix Explanation
Product Width It refers to the total number of products within a product line
Product Length It refers to how closely products are linked to each other
Product Depth It refers to the total number of products in the mix
Product Consistency It refers to the number of product lines the company has to
offer

Correct Option/Answer: (d)
Explanation: The width of the mix refers to the number of product lines the
company is offering. Length of the product mix refers to all the products in the
mix. The depth of the product mix refers to the total number of products within a
product line. Product mix consistency refers to how closely products are related to
each other.

A __________ is attacking a competitor ahead on by producing
similar products with similar quality and price.
Options:
(a) Flank Attack
(b) Frontal Attack
(c) Encirclement Attack
(d) Bypass Attack

Explanation: A frontal attack is attacking a competitor directly by producing similar
products with similar quality and price. Example- Pepsi & Coca Cola.

What is frontal attack in marketing?
A frontal attack strategy in marketing focuses on a challenger taking on
the market leader head-on. This means focusing on your competitors' strengths
and matching your own pricing, products, marketing, and promotions to the
leading brand.
flank attack in marketing
a competitive marketing strategy in which one company attacks another in a
weak spot, commonly by paying maximum attention to either a geographic region
or a market segment in which the rival is under-performing.

What is encirclement attack in marketing?
a competitive strategy used by a strong challenger to attack the market leader;
the market challenger launches an attack on several fronts at once in an attempt
to break the leader's grip on the market.
Bypass Attack marketing
The Bypass Attack is the most indirect marketing strategy adopted by the
challenging firm with a view to surpassing the competitor by attacking its easier
markets. The purpose of this strategy is to broaden the firm's resources by
capturing the market share of the competing firm.

Apollo Hospital may offer a bank, bookstore, coffee shop, restaurant, drug store
in their compound for the visitors to the hospital. What type of strategy is it?
Options:
(a) Conglomerate or unrelated diversification
(b) Internationalization
(c) Horizontal Diversification
(d) Stability Strategies

Correct Option/Answer: (C)
Explanation: Horizontal Diversification means providing new products or services
to present customers. Apollo Hospital may offer a bank, bookstore, coffee shop,
restaurant, drug store in their compound for the visitors to the hospital.

Why is a conglomerate or unrelated diversification strategy is adopted?
Conglomerate diversification occurs when a firm diversifies into areas that
are unrelated to its current line of business. Synergy may result through the
application of management expertise or financial resources, but the primary
purpose of conglomerate diversification is improved profitability of the acquiring
firm.
Diversifying as a conglomerate is also called unrelated diversification.
... Conglomerates spread risk across one or more industries, reducing company-
wide sales and profit fluctuations due to seasonal or cyclical
risk. Conglomerates can experience difficulties due to management's lack of
multi-industry knowledge.

Horizontal diversification
Horizontal diversification includes providing new and unrelated products or
services to an existing consumer. It also means adding products or services to the
product or service line already existing. After adding, the existing marketing,
technical, and financial expertise is also applied to the new products.
Horizontal Diversification. To diversify your company horizontally means
introducing brand new products or services to your current offering in order to
expand market share, either in a new market segment or your company's existing
market.

Porter’s 5 Forces was introduced by Michael Porter in his 1980 book. What is the
name of the book?
Options:
(a) Fewer, Bigger, Bolder: From Mindless Expansion to Focused
(b) Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors
(c) Business Strategy: Managing Uncertainty, Opportunity, and Enterprise
(d) Tilt: Shifting Your Strategy from Products to Customers

Explanation: The industry analysis model which is Porter’s 5 Forces, was
introduced by Michael Porter in his 1980 book “Competitive Strategy: Techniques
for Analyzing Industries and Competitors.”
Porter's Five Forces is a business analysis model that helps to explain why various
industries are able to sustain different levels of profitability. The model was
published in Michael E. Porter's book, "Competitive Strategy: Techniques for
Analyzing Industries and Competitors" in 1980.

Match List-I with List-II
Choose the correct code
1. a-iv, b-i, c-ii, d-iii
2. a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
3. a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i
4. a-iv, b-ii, c-i, d-iii

AnsA
Sol
1. ● AS 6 deals with accounting for depreciation.
2. ● AS 10 deals with accounting for fixed assets.
3. ● AS 21 deals with accounting for consolidated financial statements
4. ● AS 3 deals with accounting for cash flow statements.
Thus, Option A is correct.

Statement I: The values that are most important or most desirable like happiness,
self-respect, recognition are Instrumental values.
Statement II: The values which views on acceptable modes, which are the means
of achieving happiness, self-respect are Terminal values.
Choose the correct option from those below:
1. Statement I is correct, Statement II is incorrect.
2. Statement I is incorrect, Statement II is correct.
3. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.

Ans D
Types of values includes:
● Instrumental values-The acceptable behaviours which are the means to reach
the goal. It is the medium of achieving the goals. It is permanent in nature and
practiced in day to day life.
● Terminal values-It represents the goals which are to be achieved. They are
desirable states of existence. Those things that we can work towards or we think
are most important and we feel more desirable.
Thus, option D is correct.

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