Python is a widely used general-purpose programming language that is highly readable. It uses fewer syntactical constructions than other languages and supports object-oriented programming. The document discusses how Python defines classes with attributes and methods and is a dynamic language with high-level data types, making development faster than with Java or C++. It also covers topics that will be included in the Python training, such as classes and objects, inheritance, strings, lists, dictionaries, exceptions, multithreading, streams, and database connections. The training aims to help students master Python scripting fundamentals and acquire object-oriented skills.

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OOP USING PYTHON BY E-BOX
S U M M E R T R A I N I N G
K A U S H A L K U M A R J H A
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Python is a widely used general-purpose, high level programming language. Python is
designed to be highly readable. It uses English keywords frequently where as other
languages use punctuation, and it has fewer syntactical constructions than other
languages.
Python is a great programming language that supports OOP. You will use it to define a
class with attributes and methods, which you will then call. Python is a dynamic language,
with high-level data types. This means that development happens much faster than with
Java or C++.
Python does not require the programmer to declare types of variables and arguments.
This also makes Python easier to understand and learn for beginners, its code being more
readable and intuitive.
INTRODUCTION OF COURSE
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REASON FOR CHOOSING THIS TECHNOLOGY
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Python developers has a lot of scope in IT industries. Python is also a great language for
those who want to build their career in Data Science, AI or Machine Learning field.
There is wide scope and huge job opportunities for python programmers in India. Python is
one of the most versatile and powerful programming languages. There is an extensive use of
python programming language for both start-ups and corporate
Python is popular for providing wide range of functionalities and applications and various
packages and libraries, and hence making it easy to learn by newbies.
Python supports Multiple Programming Paradigms. It has large set of library and tools. It has
a vast community support. Python is designed for better code readability. It contains fewer
lines of codes. It is an open source, general purpose, and object-oriented programming
language.

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TOPICS COVERED
• INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON
• CLASSES AND OBJECTS
• INHERITANCE
• ABSTRACT CLASS AND INTERFACE
• STRING/LIST AND DICTIONARY
• EXCEPTION
• MULTITHREADING
• STREAMS
• LAMBDA
• DB CONNECTION
• POLYMORPHISM
• ENCAPSULATION AND ABSTRACTION
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CLASSES AND OBJECTS
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• Class: A class is a collection of objects or you can say it is a blueprint of objects defining the common
attributes and behavior.
Class is defined under a “Class” Keyword.
Example: class class1(): // class 1 is the name of the class
• Object: Objects are an instance of a class. It is an entity that has state and behavior. In a nutshell, it is
an instance of a class that can access the data.
Syntax: obj = class1()
Here obj is the “object” of class1.

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Inheritance allows us to define a class that inherits all the methods and properties
from another class.
Parent class is the class being inherited from, also called base class.
Child class is the class that inherits from another class, also called derived class.
Types of Inheritance depends upon the number of child and parent classes involved.
There are four types of inheritance in Python:
Single Inheritance:
INHERITANCE
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MULTIPLE INHERITANCE
HIERARCHICAL
INHERITANCE
MULTILEVEL
INHERITANCE
TYPES OF INHERITANCE

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An abstract class can be considered as a blueprint for other classes. It allows you to create a set of
methods that must be created within any child classes built from the abstract class. A class which
contains one or more abstract methods is called an abstract class. An abstract method is a method
that has a declaration but does not have an implementation. While we are designing large functional
units we use an abstract class. When we want to provide a common interface for different
implementations of a component, we use an abstract class.
ABSTRACT CLASSES
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Like many other popular programming languages, strings in Python are arrays of bytes representing
unicode characters. However, Python does not have a character data type, a single character is
simply a string with a length of 1. Square brackets can be used to access elements of the string.
String Length: To get the length of a string, use the len() function.
String Methods: Python has a set of built-in methods that we can use on strings.
• The lower() method returns the string in lower case.
• The upper() method returns the string in upper case.
• The replace() method replaces a string with another string.
• The strip() method removes any whitespace from the beginning or the end.
STRINGS
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LISTS
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List in Python are ordered and have definite count. The elements in a list are indexed according to a definite
sequence and the indexing of a list is done with 0 being the first index. Each element in the list has its definite
place in the list, which allows duplicating of elements in the list, with each element having its own distinct
place and credibility
Creating a list:
Lists in Python can be created by just placing the sequence inside the square brackets[].
Unlike Sets, list doesn’t need a built-in function for creation of list.

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Dictionary in Python is an unordered collection of data values, used to store data values like a map, which unlike other Data
Types that hold only single value as an element, Dictionary holds key:value pair. Key value is provided in the dictionary to
make it more optimized.
Creating a dictionary: In Python, a Dictionary can be created by placing sequence of elements within curly {} braces,
separated by ‘comma’. Dictionary holds a pair of values, one being the Key and the other corresponding pair element being
its key: value. Values in a dictionary can be of any datatype and can be duplicated, whereas keys can’t be repeated and must
be immutable. Accessing Values: We can access the items of a dictionary by referring to its key name, inside square brackets.
Built-In Functions:
• cmp(dict1,dict2)
• len(dict)
• type(variable)
DICTIONARY
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An exception is an event, which occurs during the execution of a program that disrupts the normal flow of the program's
instructions. In general, when a Python script encounters a situation that it cannot cope with, it raises an exception. An
exception is a Python object that represents an error. When a Python script raises an exception, it must either handle the
exception immediately otherwise it terminates and quits.
Handling an exception:
If we have some suspicious code that may raise an exception, we can defend your program by placing the suspicious code in
a try: block. After the try: block, include an except: statement, followed by a block of code which handles the problem as
elegantly as possible.
EXCEPTION
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A thread is the smallest unit of processing that can be performed in an OS. Multithreading is defined as the
ability of a processor to execute multiple threads concurrently.
There are two kinds of threads:
1) Kernel threads
2) User-space threads or user threads
Advantages of Threading:
• Multithreaded programs can run faster on computer systems with multiple CPUs, because theses threads
can be executed truly concurrent.
• A program can remain responsive to input. This is true both on single and on multiple CPU
• Threads of a process can share the memory of global variables. If a global variable is changed in one thread,
this change is valid for all threads. A thread can have local variables.
MULTITHREADING
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StremReader: wraps or contain a stream
StreamReader defines: read and other respective methods to read the data from the stream and ‘decode’
them.
stream must be a file-like object open for reading(binary) data.
StreamReader(stream[,errors]) - Constructor for a StreamReader instance.
The StreamReader implement different error handling schemes by providing the errors keyword argument.
These parameters are defined:
• ‘strict’ raise ValueError (or a subclass); this is the default.
• ‘ignore’ Ignore the character and continue with the next.
• ‘replace’ Replace with a suitable replacement character.
STREAMS
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• A lambda function is a small anonymous function.
• A lambda function can take any number of arguments, but can only have one expression.
Syntax:
lambda arguments : expression
Example
Add 10 to argument a, and return the result:
x= lambda a : a+10
print(x(5))
Output: 15
LAMBDA
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The Python programming language has powerful features for database programming. Python supports
various databases like MySQL, Oracle, Sybase, PostgreSQL, etc. Python also supports Data Definition Language
(DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML) and Data Query Statements. For database programming, the
Python DB API is a widely used module that provides a database application programming interface.
There are many good reasons to use Python for programming database applications:
• Programming in Python is arguably more efficient and faster compared to other languages.
• Python is famous for its portability.
• It is platform independent.
• Python supports SQL cursors.
DB CONNECTION
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Mastered the fundamentals of writing Python scripts
 Learned core Python scripting elements such as
variables and flow control structures
 Discovered how to work with lists and sequence data
 Write Python functions to facilitate code reuse
 Use Python to read and write files
 Make their code robust by handling errors and
exceptions properly
 Work with the Python standard library
 Learned to acquire Object Oriented Skills in Python
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THANK YOU