SUBANON AND BUKIDNON Philippine Indigenous Com

1. SUBANON
AND
BUKIDNON

2. SUBANON
(also spelled Subanen or Subanun)
an indigenous group to the Zamboanga
peninsula. (Zamboanga del Sur,
Misamis Occidental and Mindanao
Island, Philippines)
The Subanon people speak Subanon
languages.
The name Subanon means "a person or
people of the river"

3. The education among Subanon people was limited to
instruction by the timuay head to a future husband and wife
regarding love, respect and treatment of each other, parents,
and in-laws.
Many of the Subanon are already highly educated. Some have
received bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees in
universities both local and abroad. Some are employed in the
government.
SIBANUN TRIBE

4. The Subanon do not practice division of labor based on gender.
men and women work in the fields together, and men can cook
and care for the children when necessary. They have little social
stratification.
Everyone is equal in the Subanon community because everyone
has the same family for several years.
The tribe has no religion although it is believed that they had a
holy book at one time.
SIBANUN TRIBE

5. In marriage, the parents of the man look for a woman he will
marry and both sets of parents set the wedding date.
Polygamy and polyandry are practiced but separation is not
allowed nor is marrying nearest relatives.
When a couple wants to have only one or two children the wife,
after giving birth, eats an herb called Benayan. Another type of
birth control is practiced by the midwife who "manipulates" the
woman after delivery.
SIBANUN TRIBE

6. A landlocked province in the
Philippines located in the
Northern Mindanao region.
The name "Bukidnon" means
"highlander" or "mountain
dweller.
The lingua franca of the
region is Binukid.
BUKIDNON

7. In the traditional social structure, the datu belonged to the warrior
class, which was composed of other warriors called bagani. They
wore distinctive garments and tattoos.
Women and children who were captured as slaves from other places
could be integrated into the family. If so, their offspring were
considered free. The offspring of slave women who became the
concubines of their owners were also considered free.
Arranged marriages and child betrothal are still practiced among the
Bukidnon. Children 11 years old or older are considered marriageable.
BUKIDNON TRIBE

8. The Datu has two main functions: to judge and arbitrate in matters of
dispute and assist the baylan or babaylan in religious ceremonies.
The batasan or balaud (custom law) is based on bungkatol ha
bulawan, literally “the golden rule,” a sacred stick on which are
inscribed Bukidnon laws and code of ethics.
Custom law used to impose the death penalty for crimes such as
murder, a wife’s infidelity, and incest.
BUKIDNON TRIBAL DATU

9. Traditional agricultural practice was done through a cooperative
labor system called huliga or hunglos, wherein farmers tilled one
field and then another in sequence, encouraging communal
integration and sharing of harvest.
Hunting is typically done with the bow and arrow. Traps and pits lined
with bamboo and wooden stakes. Lures are set on trees to catch
birds. For fishing, the Talaandig use their hands to feel under rocks
for small crabs, frogs, snails, shrimps, and eels. They may also dam a
shallow portion of the river and collect the fish that gather.
THE BUKIDNON'S WAY OF LIFE

10. THANK
THANK
YOU!
YOU!