Hamburg Germany was the first city to establish a single agency called a "verkehrsverbund" to coordinate metropolitan public transport. This successful model spread across Germany and Western Europe. In 1998, the Association of European Metropolitan Transport Authorities was formed to promote best practices. The document provides an example of how public transport coordination works in the Greater Stuttgart Region of Germany through its Tariff and Transit Agency (VVS), which coordinates fares, revenue collection, schedules, and planning across 40+ transit agencies in the region.