The book of Judith is one of the deuterocanonical books of the Old Testament. It tells the story of Judith, a beautiful and pious widow, who saves her city of Bethulia from the Assyrian general Holofernes. Facing thirst and surrender within five days, Judith prays for God's deliverance. She then goes to the enemy's camp and seduces the drunk Holofernes, decapitating him in his tent. When the Assyrian army finds their general dead, they flee in terror. Judith's brave and decisive actions provide a miraculous victory against overwhelming odds.
Judith was a widow living in Bethulia during a time when the land of Judea was threatened by the large Assyrian army led by Holofernes. The Assyrians cut off the water supply to Bethulia, putting the people in despair. Judith devised a plan to deceive Holofernes and save her people. She went to the Assyrian camp and convinced Holofernes of her loyalty, gaining his trust over several days. On the fourth day, when Holofernes was intoxicated, Judith beheaded him and brought his head back to Bethulia, causing the Assyrian army to flee in fear and saving Judea. Judith exemplified wisdom
The document describes various types of offerings in the Old Testament. The burnt offering involved burning the entire animal on the altar and was meant to atone for intentional sins. The grain offering consisted of flour, oil, and incense burned on the altar and was a thank or praise offering. For the fellowship/peace offering, parts were burned and other parts were eaten by the priest and worshipper to reinforce fellowship. The sin offering procedure varied based on the sinner (individual, community, priest, or leader) but aimed to atone for unintentional sins through blood rites. The guilt/trespass offering addressed unfulfilled duties and sins against others, requiring restitution.
Jesus spoke seven phrases from the cross that conveyed important messages:
1) "Father, forgive them" - expressing forgiveness for those crucifying him.
2) "Today you will be with me in paradise" - offering hope of salvation to one of the criminals crucified with him.
3) Looking to his mother, Mary, and the disciple John, saying "Dear woman, here is your son" - showing care and provision for his family.
4) Crying out "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" - expressing the depths of loneliness and suffering he felt.
5) "I am thirsty" - continuing to experience human suffering and needs
Passover is a seven-day Jewish festival that commemorates the Israelites' liberation from slavery in Egypt. It begins on the 14th day of the first Hebrew month of Abib and involves the ritual cleansing of leaven, eating unleavened bread, and the symbolic Paschal lamb. Passover also has spiritual significance as a symbol of Christ's sacrifice and redemption of humanity from sin.
This document discusses the seven churches mentioned in Revelation and how they represent seven phases of church history. It focuses on the church of Laodicea, representing the last church phase before the second coming of Jesus. Laodicea is described as lukewarm, indifferent, and in need of revival and reformation. The document outlines prophetic signs that will occur during the sealing of God's people, including a change in the US Constitution, Satan appearing as Christ, enforcement of Sunday laws, economic collapse, and the finding of the Ark of the Covenant. It emphasizes the need for God's end-time church to overcome lukewarmness and fully prepare for the events soon to take place.
This document outlines the experience of salvation according to the Bible. It discusses that one must first repent of their sins, then believe in Jesus Christ as the Son of God, and finally be baptized. It provides several Bible verses to support each step. It also discusses putting on the armor of God and resisting the devil through faith. Overall, the document teaches that through repentance, belief in Jesus, baptism, and living righteously one can be saved.
Judith was a widow living in Bethulia during a time when the land of Judea was threatened by the large Assyrian army led by Holofernes. The Assyrians cut off the water supply to Bethulia, putting the people in despair. Judith devised a plan to deceive Holofernes and save her people. She went to the Assyrian camp and convinced Holofernes of her loyalty, gaining his trust over several days. On the fourth day, when Holofernes was intoxicated, Judith beheaded him and brought his head back to Bethulia, causing the Assyrian army to flee in fear and saving Judea. Judith exemplified wisdom
The document describes various types of offerings in the Old Testament. The burnt offering involved burning the entire animal on the altar and was meant to atone for intentional sins. The grain offering consisted of flour, oil, and incense burned on the altar and was a thank or praise offering. For the fellowship/peace offering, parts were burned and other parts were eaten by the priest and worshipper to reinforce fellowship. The sin offering procedure varied based on the sinner (individual, community, priest, or leader) but aimed to atone for unintentional sins through blood rites. The guilt/trespass offering addressed unfulfilled duties and sins against others, requiring restitution.
Jesus spoke seven phrases from the cross that conveyed important messages:
1) "Father, forgive them" - expressing forgiveness for those crucifying him.
2) "Today you will be with me in paradise" - offering hope of salvation to one of the criminals crucified with him.
3) Looking to his mother, Mary, and the disciple John, saying "Dear woman, here is your son" - showing care and provision for his family.
4) Crying out "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" - expressing the depths of loneliness and suffering he felt.
5) "I am thirsty" - continuing to experience human suffering and needs
Passover is a seven-day Jewish festival that commemorates the Israelites' liberation from slavery in Egypt. It begins on the 14th day of the first Hebrew month of Abib and involves the ritual cleansing of leaven, eating unleavened bread, and the symbolic Paschal lamb. Passover also has spiritual significance as a symbol of Christ's sacrifice and redemption of humanity from sin.
This document discusses the seven churches mentioned in Revelation and how they represent seven phases of church history. It focuses on the church of Laodicea, representing the last church phase before the second coming of Jesus. Laodicea is described as lukewarm, indifferent, and in need of revival and reformation. The document outlines prophetic signs that will occur during the sealing of God's people, including a change in the US Constitution, Satan appearing as Christ, enforcement of Sunday laws, economic collapse, and the finding of the Ark of the Covenant. It emphasizes the need for God's end-time church to overcome lukewarmness and fully prepare for the events soon to take place.
This document outlines the experience of salvation according to the Bible. It discusses that one must first repent of their sins, then believe in Jesus Christ as the Son of God, and finally be baptized. It provides several Bible verses to support each step. It also discusses putting on the armor of God and resisting the devil through faith. Overall, the document teaches that through repentance, belief in Jesus, baptism, and living righteously one can be saved.
Christian revival refers to a spiritual reawakening or restoration in a believer's relationship with God after a period of dormancy or stagnation. It deepens one's faith and opens their eyes to truth in a fresh way, marking a new beginning of obedience to God. Revival replicates the believer's conversion experience by prompting awareness through the Holy Spirit of something missing that can only be restored by God. It responds to situations like losing one's first love for Christ, enduring persecution, or tolerating false teachings, helping resuscitate spiritual life and bear fruit. The evidence of revival includes an outpouring of the Holy Spirit changing lives, and believers spending more time in prayer, God's word, confession, and using spiritual gifts.
Relations get tangled quickly in a family. Most conflict could be avoided by doing the right thing first.. Audio available at http://edthepastor.podbean.com/e/family-affair-genesis-38/?token=1a72bac1efaaad06baf4ed1542b9ffde
The document provides information about the five main Levitical sacrifices presented in the Old Testament: burnt offering, meal (grain) offering, peace offering, sin offering, and trespass offering. It describes the rules and procedures for each type of offering based on passages from Leviticus, noting how each offering foreshadowed an aspect of Christ's sacrifice on the cross. The document emphasizes that through the sacrifices, God was establishing a way for people's sins to be atoned for and fellowship with him to be restored.
This document contains the text of Isaiah 53:1-6 and discusses its relevance to the Messiah and how passages from it are referenced in the New Testament. It also includes reflections on the meaning of Isaiah 53:6 ("We all, like sheep, have gone astray") from historical Christian figures like John Calvin, C.H. Spurgeon, and D.L. Moody.
Titus was a trusted companion and fellow worker of Paul who helped establish and organize the church in Crete. As an uncircumcised Gentile, Titus accompanied Paul to Jerusalem and was accepted, showing Paul's inclusive message. Titus exhibited a steadfast and reliable character as he carried messages between Paul and churches. Paul held Titus in high regard and left him in Crete to appoint elders and put the remaining matters in order, demonstrating Titus' maturity and leadership abilities.
Why did Jesus interject Lot's wife into His discourse about the coming Kingdom? How is Lot's wife a severe warning to the Church today? How are many nominal "Christians" like Lot's wife?
The document discusses how the 10 plagues that God brought upon Egypt during the time of Moses foreshadowed the death and salvation provided by Jesus Christ. It notes similarities between the Passover lamb whose blood saved the Israelites and spared them God's judgment, and Jesus who is described as the Lamb of God who was sacrificed to save humanity and deliver us from sin and death. Key events of the Passover and crucifixion are compared to show how the Old Testament feast and killing of the lamb prefigured Jesus' redemptive work on the cross.
Si Esteban ay karariwang tao na tulad natin. Ngunit siyay puspos ng Espiritu Santo. Niluwalhati niya ang Diyos sa kanyang buhay. Sa kabila ang kanyang pagsubok nanatili pa rin siyang tapat hanggang sa huling sandali ng kanyang buhay.
Ang buhay ni Esteban ay dapat na maging kuwento rin ng ating buhay na sa bawat araw ay puspusin nawa tayo ng Panginoon ng Kanyang Espiritu upang magawa natin ang Gawain Niya na iniatang sa atin. At manatili tayong tapat sa pananampalataya hanggang sa wakas.
Every culture has it's set of wise sayings or proverbs. What makes the Book of Proverbs in the Bible different is that it contains wisdom from God Himself. The Proverbs are based on the moral and ethical teaching of the Law. The wisdom contained in this book is worth more than anything else in the world.
Laying on of hands is an act where a spiritual authority lays hands on another to impart blessings through prayer and prophecy. It is mentioned in both the Old and New Testaments as a way to bless, heal, impart authority or the Holy Spirit. The purpose of laying on of hands includes imparting inner healing, blessings, authority, physical healing, baptism in the Holy Spirit, gifts, and commissioning people for ministry.
Background:
Biography. Who was Paul?
Personality. What type of person was Paul?
Call:
Goal. What was the purpose of his call?
Mission. What was the fruit of his call?
Diversity. How did he face his mission?
This document discusses leadership principles from the book of Nehemiah. It provides 4 reasons for studying the book: 1) Its place in the biblical canon, 2) How it fulfilled history, 3) Its prophetic importance, and 4) The spiritual lessons it provides. Key points about Nehemiah include his view of God as sovereign and forgiving, and his determination in leading the rebuilding of Jerusalem's walls to give the city identity and protect its people. The document stresses principles of availability over ability, repairing problems rather than despairing, and watching and praying.
Why do you think Paul used the metaphor of putting on “the whole armor of God” when exhorting the believer to be “strong in the Lord and in the power of His might”? Is the "armor of God" more like that of a Roman warrior or that of the Jewish High Priest? Explain. What is truth? How does truth enable the Christian to “stand against” and “withstand” the lies of Satan, the cunning craftiness of the world and the deceitfulness of our own flesh? Why are Christian instructed to “put on the whole armor of God”? Why are we commanded to “stand firm” and “stand against”? What happens when we fail to “stand”?
Matthew 21, Palm Sunday, Triumphal Entry, The triumphal entry is the story ...Valley Bible Fellowship
Matthew 21, Palm Sunday, Triumphal Entry, The triumphal entry is the story of Jesus, the Creator of the universe, the King of Kings, the King of the Jews, entering into Jerusalem on a borrowed donkey’s colt, Prophecy Fulfilled, Hosanna to the Son of David, Hallel Psalm, Triumphal Entry, Bethphage, Bethany, Time Is Not Yet, Palms, Hosanna, Hallel, 2013
Get Into The Game! Colossians 3:1-4 Adapted from a Jeffery Anselmi sermon
http://www.sermoncentral.com/print_friendly.asp?ContributorID=&SermonID=93553
parable of the prodigal son.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
El documento presenta un resumen de la interpretación popular y bíblica de las 70 semanas mencionadas en Daniel 9:24-27. Las 70 semanas se dividen en 69 semanas (483 años) que concluyen con la muerte de Jesús, y la semana 70 que muestra el establecimiento del nuevo pacto y la destrucción de Jerusalén en el año 70 d.C. La interpretación bíblica no apoya la idea dispensacionalista de una pausa entre la semana 69 y 70.
The book of Judith has a particular literary style full of symbolism. With only five days left before the surrender of Bethulia to their enemies, the beautiful and God-fearing widow Judith promises to deliver Israel from their enemies. After praying for her plan to succeed, Judith goes to the enemy camp and fools the commander Holofernes into trusting her. When he becomes drunk, she decapitates him and returns to Bethulia with his head. When the enemy army finds their commander dead, they flee in terror and are defeated by the Israelites.
The document discusses the book of Judges in the Bible. It summarizes that the cycle shown in Judges is that the Israelites would be obedient and blessed by God, then turn to idolatry and self-reliance which led to oppression and bondage. They would then repent and cry out to God, who would send a deliverer to save them. It specifically discusses how Gideon was chosen by God to deliver the Israelites from the oppressive Midianites, despite his doubts, and how he and just 300 men were able to achieve victory through God's power.
Christian revival refers to a spiritual reawakening or restoration in a believer's relationship with God after a period of dormancy or stagnation. It deepens one's faith and opens their eyes to truth in a fresh way, marking a new beginning of obedience to God. Revival replicates the believer's conversion experience by prompting awareness through the Holy Spirit of something missing that can only be restored by God. It responds to situations like losing one's first love for Christ, enduring persecution, or tolerating false teachings, helping resuscitate spiritual life and bear fruit. The evidence of revival includes an outpouring of the Holy Spirit changing lives, and believers spending more time in prayer, God's word, confession, and using spiritual gifts.
Relations get tangled quickly in a family. Most conflict could be avoided by doing the right thing first.. Audio available at http://edthepastor.podbean.com/e/family-affair-genesis-38/?token=1a72bac1efaaad06baf4ed1542b9ffde
The document provides information about the five main Levitical sacrifices presented in the Old Testament: burnt offering, meal (grain) offering, peace offering, sin offering, and trespass offering. It describes the rules and procedures for each type of offering based on passages from Leviticus, noting how each offering foreshadowed an aspect of Christ's sacrifice on the cross. The document emphasizes that through the sacrifices, God was establishing a way for people's sins to be atoned for and fellowship with him to be restored.
This document contains the text of Isaiah 53:1-6 and discusses its relevance to the Messiah and how passages from it are referenced in the New Testament. It also includes reflections on the meaning of Isaiah 53:6 ("We all, like sheep, have gone astray") from historical Christian figures like John Calvin, C.H. Spurgeon, and D.L. Moody.
Titus was a trusted companion and fellow worker of Paul who helped establish and organize the church in Crete. As an uncircumcised Gentile, Titus accompanied Paul to Jerusalem and was accepted, showing Paul's inclusive message. Titus exhibited a steadfast and reliable character as he carried messages between Paul and churches. Paul held Titus in high regard and left him in Crete to appoint elders and put the remaining matters in order, demonstrating Titus' maturity and leadership abilities.
Why did Jesus interject Lot's wife into His discourse about the coming Kingdom? How is Lot's wife a severe warning to the Church today? How are many nominal "Christians" like Lot's wife?
The document discusses how the 10 plagues that God brought upon Egypt during the time of Moses foreshadowed the death and salvation provided by Jesus Christ. It notes similarities between the Passover lamb whose blood saved the Israelites and spared them God's judgment, and Jesus who is described as the Lamb of God who was sacrificed to save humanity and deliver us from sin and death. Key events of the Passover and crucifixion are compared to show how the Old Testament feast and killing of the lamb prefigured Jesus' redemptive work on the cross.
Si Esteban ay karariwang tao na tulad natin. Ngunit siyay puspos ng Espiritu Santo. Niluwalhati niya ang Diyos sa kanyang buhay. Sa kabila ang kanyang pagsubok nanatili pa rin siyang tapat hanggang sa huling sandali ng kanyang buhay.
Ang buhay ni Esteban ay dapat na maging kuwento rin ng ating buhay na sa bawat araw ay puspusin nawa tayo ng Panginoon ng Kanyang Espiritu upang magawa natin ang Gawain Niya na iniatang sa atin. At manatili tayong tapat sa pananampalataya hanggang sa wakas.
Every culture has it's set of wise sayings or proverbs. What makes the Book of Proverbs in the Bible different is that it contains wisdom from God Himself. The Proverbs are based on the moral and ethical teaching of the Law. The wisdom contained in this book is worth more than anything else in the world.
Laying on of hands is an act where a spiritual authority lays hands on another to impart blessings through prayer and prophecy. It is mentioned in both the Old and New Testaments as a way to bless, heal, impart authority or the Holy Spirit. The purpose of laying on of hands includes imparting inner healing, blessings, authority, physical healing, baptism in the Holy Spirit, gifts, and commissioning people for ministry.
Background:
Biography. Who was Paul?
Personality. What type of person was Paul?
Call:
Goal. What was the purpose of his call?
Mission. What was the fruit of his call?
Diversity. How did he face his mission?
This document discusses leadership principles from the book of Nehemiah. It provides 4 reasons for studying the book: 1) Its place in the biblical canon, 2) How it fulfilled history, 3) Its prophetic importance, and 4) The spiritual lessons it provides. Key points about Nehemiah include his view of God as sovereign and forgiving, and his determination in leading the rebuilding of Jerusalem's walls to give the city identity and protect its people. The document stresses principles of availability over ability, repairing problems rather than despairing, and watching and praying.
Why do you think Paul used the metaphor of putting on “the whole armor of God” when exhorting the believer to be “strong in the Lord and in the power of His might”? Is the "armor of God" more like that of a Roman warrior or that of the Jewish High Priest? Explain. What is truth? How does truth enable the Christian to “stand against” and “withstand” the lies of Satan, the cunning craftiness of the world and the deceitfulness of our own flesh? Why are Christian instructed to “put on the whole armor of God”? Why are we commanded to “stand firm” and “stand against”? What happens when we fail to “stand”?
Matthew 21, Palm Sunday, Triumphal Entry, The triumphal entry is the story ...Valley Bible Fellowship
Matthew 21, Palm Sunday, Triumphal Entry, The triumphal entry is the story of Jesus, the Creator of the universe, the King of Kings, the King of the Jews, entering into Jerusalem on a borrowed donkey’s colt, Prophecy Fulfilled, Hosanna to the Son of David, Hallel Psalm, Triumphal Entry, Bethphage, Bethany, Time Is Not Yet, Palms, Hosanna, Hallel, 2013
Get Into The Game! Colossians 3:1-4 Adapted from a Jeffery Anselmi sermon
http://www.sermoncentral.com/print_friendly.asp?ContributorID=&SermonID=93553
parable of the prodigal son.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
El documento presenta un resumen de la interpretación popular y bíblica de las 70 semanas mencionadas en Daniel 9:24-27. Las 70 semanas se dividen en 69 semanas (483 años) que concluyen con la muerte de Jesús, y la semana 70 que muestra el establecimiento del nuevo pacto y la destrucción de Jerusalén en el año 70 d.C. La interpretación bíblica no apoya la idea dispensacionalista de una pausa entre la semana 69 y 70.
The book of Judith has a particular literary style full of symbolism. With only five days left before the surrender of Bethulia to their enemies, the beautiful and God-fearing widow Judith promises to deliver Israel from their enemies. After praying for her plan to succeed, Judith goes to the enemy camp and fools the commander Holofernes into trusting her. When he becomes drunk, she decapitates him and returns to Bethulia with his head. When the enemy army finds their commander dead, they flee in terror and are defeated by the Israelites.
The document discusses the book of Judges in the Bible. It summarizes that the cycle shown in Judges is that the Israelites would be obedient and blessed by God, then turn to idolatry and self-reliance which led to oppression and bondage. They would then repent and cry out to God, who would send a deliverer to save them. It specifically discusses how Gideon was chosen by God to deliver the Israelites from the oppressive Midianites, despite his doubts, and how he and just 300 men were able to achieve victory through God's power.
The document discusses Jeremiah's challenges in continuing to prophesy God's judgment against Judah despite facing opposition. It references Jeremiah racing against men on foot and horses to represent future difficulties, like conflicts with false prophets, imprisonment, and acting out object lessons. God had trained Jeremiah through past problems and will continue helping him, as He has his own timing. Spiritual warfare involves overcoming discouragement through God's armor.
The document discusses the birth of Jesus Christ and the visit of the Wise Men, as described in Matthew 2. It then discusses Psalm 72, which envisions a king who rules with justice, defending the afflicted and needy. It notes how America was founded with the promise of justice and equality but only allowed landowning white men to vote initially. It calls for introspection on challenges around race, gender, and economics, and examining how Native Americans have been mistreated. It quotes the racist rhetoric used to justify imprisoning Japanese Americans during WWII. The document advocates studying, voting, praying, and acting to further King Jesus' vision of justice.
The document discusses the prophecy that the Messiah would come from the tribe of Judah, symbolized as lions. It describes how the kingdom of Judah failed to live up to this standard over time. However, it says that Jesus Christ embodies all the virtues God intended and will lead his followers to final victory over evil as the Lion of Judah. It concludes by saying Christ still needs devoted followers to help achieve this victory.
The document summarizes a Bible passage about Gideon's victory over the Midianites with the help of God. It describes how in Gideon's time, the Midianite army was vast like locusts or sand, but a man dreamed that a barley cake tumbled into their camp and destroyed it. His fellow understood this meant that God would deliver victory into Gideon's hand. The document explores themes of how God uses humble or unlikely things to defeat greater forces, and how prophecy can foretell and guide salvation.
The document provides context and summaries for several stories from the book of Judges in the Bible. It discusses the stories of Deborah, Gideon, Jael, Samson, and Ruth in relation to themes of the great controversy between God and Satan. Key points made include:
- Deborah inspires confidence as a judge of Israel during a time of oppression. God uses Jael to defeat the enemy leader Sisera despite impossible odds.
- Gideon doubts himself but is chosen by God to deliver Israel from the Midianites. Through signs of assurance, Gideon gains confidence in God's presence with him.
- Samson's life starts with a divine purpose but he dis
The document discusses God fighting the battles of his people based on a passage from Joel 3:2. It makes several key points:
1) God orchestrates all events and will gather nations to the Valley of Jehoshaphat to judge them for how they treated Israel.
2) God assures his people that he will defend them and judge those who violate his will and purposes. Believers should find support in studying God's word.
3) God will act on behalf of his people Israel, who have a special place as his covenant people, though he loves all people. Any harm against God's people will be punished.
The book of Judith is about how God delivered the Jewish people from the Assyrian army through the actions of Judith, a widow from Bethulia. The Assyrian king sent General Holofernes to destroy the gods of Western Asian countries so they would worship him. When Holofernes besieged Bethulia and cut off their water supply, Judith prayed and promised to save the city. She went to Holofernes' tent and after he got drunk at a banquet, she cut off his head. When the Assyrians saw this, the Israelites attacked and slaughtered their enemies. The purpose of the book was to encourage the Jewish people by showing how God destroyed their enemies
The book of Judith is about how God delivered the Jewish people from the Assyrian army through the actions of Judith, a widow from Bethulia. The Assyrian king sent General Holofernes to destroy the gods of Western Asian countries so they would worship him. When Holofernes besieged Bethulia and cut off their water supply, Judith prayed and promised to save the city. She went to Holofernes' tent and after he got drunk at a banquet, she cut off his head. When the Assyrians saw this, the Israelites attacked and slaughtered their enemies. The purpose of the book was to encourage the Jewish people by showing how God destroyed their enemies
1) The document discusses principles for praying for one's country based on biblical examples, including recognizing the importance of prayer, the content of prayers, and leaders relying on God rather than their own strength.
2) Specific topics that Christians should pray for their country include righteous leaders who allow freedom of religion, prosperity as believers prosper, leaders understanding their authority comes from God, and righteous governance.
3) The conclusion calls for leaders with spiritual depth to pray for protection, faith, repentance, direction to God, and living in God's fear like George Washington's prayer.
The Great Harlot represents Jerusalem and Israel who committed spiritual adultery and prostitution through idolatry. The document examines scriptural references where Israel is referred to as a harlot due to her unfaithfulness to God. It identifies Jerusalem as the Great City that reigns over the earth and is contrasted with the holy New Jerusalem. Jerusalem shed the blood of believers through persecuting and killing prophets and followers of Christ. Symbols of the Harlot represent Israel appropriating symbols of God's priesthood while practicing pagan rituals. Israel took on identities of Egypt and Babylon due to adopting their occult beliefs, seen also in the anti-Christian Talmud and Kabbalah.
This document provides an overview of a sermon given at First Baptist Church in Jackson, Mississippi on Zechariah 12-13. The sermon discusses prophecies about Israel's salvation and repentance, focusing on events during the tribulation period and millennium. It explains that Israel will finally recognize Jesus as their Messiah after experiencing great mourning and affliction. The sermon also emphasizes that salvation is only found through faith in Jesus, whether for Jews or Gentiles.
The document provides an overview of the prophet Jeremiah and the book of Lamentations. It discusses Jeremiah's ministry as a prophet to Judah before and after the fall of Jerusalem. Key points include Jeremiah beginning his ministry before Judah's fall, prophesying judgment for their sins, and providing hope for future restoration. It also summarizes the structure, themes, and purpose of Lamentations, which expresses sorrow over Jerusalem's destruction through a series of poems. The document examines lessons that can be learned from Jeremiah and Lamentations.
Uriah was a loyal soldier in David's army who refused the king's orders to spend the night with his wife Bathsheba, remaining faithful to his fellow soldiers during their campaign. David's sins of adultery with Bathsheba and orchestrating Uriah's death by sending him to the front lines had far-reaching negative consequences, humbling David and weakening his authority. Uriah demonstrated strong patriotism, loyalty, and faithfulness to God by refusing to enjoy comforts at home while others suffered in battle.
Mark 10-12 describes Jesus' teachings on marriage, divorce, humility, and serving others. Jesus heals blind Bartimaeus, enters Jerusalem, and cleanses the temple. He engages in debates with religious leaders about authority, taxes, resurrection, and God's greatest commandment. Jesus warns about hypocritical religious leaders and praises a poor widow's small donation to the temple. Throughout, Jesus prepares his disciples for his coming passion, death, and resurrection.
The document presents an overview of key teachings from the Epistles of John and 3 John. It summarizes that John taught about communion with God, faith in Jesus Christ, charity, and divine filiation. It then examines various passages from 1 John, highlighting John's messages about walking in the light, having an advocate in Jesus Christ, keeping God's commandments, overcoming the world by faith, and living as God's children through love. The document also briefly outlines 2 John and 3 John, noting their greetings and discussions of hospitality, truth, and proper conduct.
This document provides a summary of Romans 1-2:20 from the book "The Study of Romans 1-2:20" by Jean Smith. It discusses several key points from the text, including how Paul responds to objections from imaginary Jewish questioners about Jews receiving rewards or punishments according to their deeds. Paul explains the advantages Jews had in being entrusted with God's revelations. It also summarizes Paul countering arguments that God would be unjust to punish human sins. Overall, the document analyzes Romans 1-2:20 through the lens of Jean Smith's book on the topic.
Paul answers that Jews have significant benefits, including being entrusted with God's revelations. He intends to fully list these advantages later when discussing whether God remains faithful to Israel through Christ. Romans 3:1-8 briefly addresses this question before Paul thoroughly covers it in Romans 9-11, where he finishes listing the privileges of Jews such as adoption, covenants, and the promises made to their ancestors.
This document provides a summary and analysis of Romans 3:1-8. It begins by giving context about Romans 2 and how Paul has argued that both Jews and Gentiles are sinners in need of God's righteousness. Some may object that this calls God's faithfulness into question. Paul responds that even if some or all Jews are unbelieving, God remains faithful. He cites Psalm 51 to support that God's judgment of sinful people vindicates his righteousness. However, some argue that if God's judgment magnifies his righteousness, then he would be unjust to condemn sinners. Paul rejects this argument as sophistry and word games. Those who play games with God's word and try to deny apparent contradictions will face
This passage from the Gospel of Matthew describes Jesus predicting the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem and the events that will precede his second coming. Jesus tells his disciples that the temple will be completely destroyed, with not one stone left upon another. When they ask about the signs of his coming and the end of the age, Jesus warns of wars, famines, earthquakes, persecution of Christians, and the rise of false prophets. He says these are the beginning of the "birth pains" and the gospel must first be preached throughout the world. Jesus then describes a period of "great tribulation" and tells of signs in the sky that will accompany his return, which will come suddenly like lightning. He emphasizes the importance
1) Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to Jesus' tomb after the Sabbath and found it empty, with an angel telling them that Jesus had risen from the dead.
2) The angel told the women to inform the disciples that Jesus would meet them in Galilee. Jesus then appeared to the women, telling them the same message.
3) The chief priests bribed the guards to say that the disciples stole Jesus' body while they slept. Matthew presents this as a story still circulating among Jews.
4) Jesus commissioned the eleven disciples to make disciples of all nations and teach them to obey all his commands, assuring them of his presence until the end of the age.
Pilate questions Jesus about being the King of the Jews. Jesus remains silent in response to the accusations from Pilate and the chief priests and elders. Pilate is surprised by Jesus' silence. Pilate offers to release either Jesus or a prisoner named Barabbas to the crowd. The crowd chooses Barabbas and demands Jesus be crucified. Pilate reluctantly hands Jesus over to be crucified.
Judas agrees to betray Jesus to the chief priests for 30 pieces of silver. At the Last Supper, Jesus predicts that Peter will deny him three times before the cock crows. Jesus is arrested in Gethsemane and taken before the high priest Caiaphas. Peter denies knowing Jesus three times, just as Jesus had predicted. Jesus remains silent before Caiaphas, who declares him worthy of death for blasphemy.
The parable describes 10 virgins who go to meet the bridegroom. Five are foolish and bring no oil for their lamps while five are wise and bring oil. When the bridegroom is delayed, they all fall asleep. At midnight, there is a cry that he has arrived. The foolish virgins' lamps have gone out and they ask the wise for oil but are told to buy their own. While they are gone, the bridegroom arrives and the door is locked. They are not allowed to enter. The parable teaches the importance of being prepared.
A second parable tells of servants given talents by their master. Two servants double their talents through trading but one buries his talent
This document summarizes key passages from Matthew 24-28. It discusses:
1. Jesus' prophecies about the destruction of Jerusalem and the end times, including signs, tribulations, and the coming of the Son of Man.
2. Parables around preparing for Christ's return through faith, good works, and vigilance like the wise and foolish virgins.
3. Jesus' passion, death, and resurrection as the fulfillment of his mission to redeem humanity and atone for sins.
4. The Great Commission where Jesus commands the disciples to make disciples of all nations and baptize them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.
Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels in the New Testament of the Bible. This document analyzes the Gospel of Matthew, which was likely written in Greek around 80-90 AD for a Jewish-Christian community. The author, Jean Smith, examines key aspects of Matthew such as its intended audience, theological themes, and how it portrays Jesus.
This document analyzes several passages in Romans chapters 3 and 4. It discusses Romans 3:22-23, 3:23, 3:22-24, 3:21-4:25, and other verses, focusing on concepts of righteousness, faith, justification, and Abraham as an example of one who was justified by faith alone rather than works of the law. The document examines key biblical ideas and theology across several sections of Romans.
The document summarizes guidelines for establishing an early learning environment that promotes active learning through interest areas and materials. It recommends (1) dividing space into well-defined interest areas like blocks, art, books, and outdoor play with (2) plentiful, open-ended materials available to engage children in exploration and pretend play. Adults should (3) organize the environment, materials, and interest areas flexibly to accommodate children's changing interests and development while actively supporting learning.
This document discusses the Catholic doctrine of the Communion of Saints. It begins by listing various Catholic saints and provides statistics on beatification and canonization ceremonies. It then discusses the biblical meaning of "saint," explaining that all believers, both living and dead, are considered saints. The roles of saints include being models of holiness and interceding on behalf of believers. The process of canonization involves declaring that someone who lived an exemplary Christian life is confirmed to be in heaven.
The document discusses the Catholic sacrament of confession. It begins by citing a Bible verse about forgiveness through Christ's blood. It then explains that Jesus gave the disciples the authority to forgive sins after his resurrection when he breathed on them and said "receive the Holy Spirit." The document outlines several key points about confession, including that priests have the authority from Jesus to forgive sins in confession based on Apostolic Succession. It also addresses some Protestant objections to confession. Overall, the summary establishes the biblical and historical foundations of the Catholic practice of confession.
1) The document summarizes chapters 6-8 of the Book of Acts, focusing on Stephen who was the first Christian martyr after being stoned to death for blasphemy.
2) It notes several connections between Stephen's death and the death of Jesus Christ, including both committing their spirits to God as they died.
3) The persecution following Stephen's death led to the spread of the early Christian church into new regions.
The fourth commandment honor they father and mother-catholic nab and cathechismJean Smith
The document discusses the importance of honoring one's parents as commanded in the fourth commandment. It discusses how Jesus honored his parents by obeying them according to the book of Luke. Several Bible passages are cited that emphasize respecting, obeying and honoring one's father and mother, including Exodus 20:12, Ephesians 6:1, and passages from Leviticus and Proverbs. Maintaining proper parent-child relationships is a foundation of society according to the teachings of the Church.
The fourth commandment honor they father and mother-catholic nab and cathechismJean Smith
The document discusses the importance of honoring one's parents as commanded in the fourth commandment. It discusses how Jesus honored his parents by obeying them according to the book of Luke. Several Bible passages are cited that emphasize respecting, obeying and honoring one's father and mother, including Exodus 20:12, Ephesians 6:1, and passages from Leviticus and Proverbs. Maintaining proper parent-child relationships is presented as a foundation of social doctrine and important for building a harmonious family life and society.
B k standards-cognition_knowledge 5-11-2012 finalJean Smith
This document provides standards and examples for the domains of cognition and general knowledge in mathematics, social studies, science, and processes and skills for infants through pre-kindergarten age groups. The standards cover topics such as number sense, geometry, social identity, science inquiry, and memory. Examples are given to illustrate how children may demonstrate understanding of concepts through their behaviors, play, and interactions with adults and peers at each age level.
The Book of Samuel is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books in the Old Testament. The book is part of the Deuteronomistic history, a series of books that constitute a theological history of the Israelites and that aim to explain God's law for Israel under the guidance of the prophets.
Astronism, Cosmism and Cosmodeism: the space religions espousing the doctrine...Cometan
This lecture created by Brandon Taylorian (aka Cometan) specially for the CESNUR Conference held Bordeaux in June 2024 provides a brief introduction to the legacy of religious and philosophical thought that Astronism emerges from, namely the discourse on transcension started assuredly by the Cosmists in Russia in the mid-to-late nineteenth century and then carried on and developed by Mordecai Nessyahu in Cosmodeism in the twentieth century. Cometan also then provides some detail on his story in founding Astronism in the early twenty-first century from 2013 along with details on the central Astronist doctrine of transcension. Finally, the lecture concludes with some contributions made by space religions and space philosophy and their influences on various cultural facets in art, literature and film.
Heartfulness Magazine - June 2024 (Volume 9, Issue 6)heartfulness
Dear readers,
This month we continue with more inspiring talks from the Global Spirituality Mahotsav that was held from March 14 to 17, 2024, at Kanha Shanti Vanam.
We hear from Daaji on lifestyle and yoga in honor of International Day of Yoga, June 21, 2024. We also hear from Professor Bhavani Rao, Dean at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, on spirituality in action, the Venerable BhikkuSanghasena on how to be an ambassador for compassion, Dr. Tony Nader on the Maharishi Effect, Swami Mukundananda on the crossroads of modernization, Tejinder Kaur Basra on the purpose of work, the Venerable GesheDorjiDamdul on the psychology of peace, the Rt. Hon. Patricia Scotland, KC, Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, on how we are all related, and world-renowned violinist KumareshRajagopalan on the uplifting mysteries of music.
Dr. Prasad Veluthanar shares an Ayurvedic perspective on treating autism, Dr. IchakAdizes helps us navigate disagreements at work, Sravan Banda celebrates World Environment Day by sharing some tips on land restoration, and Sara Bubber tells our children another inspiring story and challenges them with some fun facts and riddles.
Happy reading,
The editors
Lucid Dreaming: Understanding the Risks and Benefits
The ability to control one's dreams or for the dreamer to be aware that he or she is dreaming. This process, called lucid dreaming, has some potential risks as well as many fascinating benefits. However, many people are hesitant to try it initially for fear of the potential dangers. This article aims to clarify these concerns by exploring both the risks and benefits of lucid dreaming.
The Benefits of Lucid Dreaming
Lucid dreaming allows a person to take control of their dream world, helping them overcome their fears and eliminate nightmares. This technique is particularly useful for mental health. By taking control of their dreams, individuals can face challenging scenarios in a controlled environment, which can help reduce anxiety and increase self-confidence.
Addressing Common Concerns
Physical Harm in Dreams Lucid dreaming is fundamentally safe. In a lucid dream, everything is a creation of your mind. Therefore, nothing in the dream can physically harm you. Despite the vividness and realness of the dream experience, it remains entirely within your mental landscape, posing no physical danger.
Mental Health Risks Concerns about developing PTSD or other mental illnesses from lucid dreaming are unfounded. As soon as you wake up, it's clear that the events experienced in the dream were not real. On the contrary, lucid dreaming is often seen as a therapeutic tool for conditions like PTSD, as it allows individuals to reframe and manage their thoughts.
Potential Risks of Lucid Dreaming
While generally safe, lucid dreaming does come with a few risks as well:
Mixing Dream Memories with Reality Long-term lucid dreamers might occasionally confuse dream memories with real ones, creating false memories. This issue is rare and preventable by maintaining a dream journal and avoiding lucid dreaming about real-life people or places too frequently.
Escapism Using lucid dreaming to escape reality can be problematic if it interferes with your daily life. While it is sometimes beneficial to escape and relieve the stress of reality, relying on lucid dreaming for happiness can hinder personal growth and productivity.
Feeling Tired After Lucid Dreaming Some people report feeling tired after lucid dreaming. This tiredness is not due to the dreams themselves but often results from not getting enough sleep or using techniques that disrupt sleep patterns. Taking breaks and ensuring adequate sleep can prevent this.
Mental Exhaustion Lucid dreaming can be mentally taxing if practiced excessively without breaks. It’s important to balance lucid dreaming with regular sleep to avoid mental fatigue.
Lucid dreaming is safe and beneficial if done with caution. It has many benefits, such as overcoming fear and improving mental health, and minimal risks. There are many resources and tutorials available for those interested in trying it.
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Tales of This and Another Life - Chapters.pdfMashaL38
This book is one of the best of the translated ones, for it has a warning character for all those who find themselves in the experience of material life. Irmão X provides a shrewd way of describing the subtleties and weaknesses that can jeopardize our intentions, making us more attentive and vigilant by providing us with his wise pages, reminding us between the lines of the Master's words: "Pray and watch."
2nd issue of Volume 15. A magazine in urdu language mainly based on spiritual treatment and learning. Many topics on ISLAM, SUFISM, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SELF HELP, PSYCHOLOGY, HEALTH, SPIRITUAL TREATMENT, Ruqya etc.A very useful magazine for everyone.
Trusting God's Providence | Verse: Romans 8: 28-31JL de Belen
Trusting God's Providence.
Providence - God’s active preservation and care over His creation. God is both the Creator and the Sustainer of all things Heb. 1:2-3; Col. 1:17
-God keep His promises.
-God’s general providence is toward all creation
- All things were made through Him
God’s special providence is toward His children.
We may suffer now, but joy can and will come
God can see what we cannot see
Lição 12: João 15 a 17 – O Espírito Santo e a Oração Sacerdotal | 2° Trimestr...OmarBarrezueta1
Esta lição é uma oportunidade para discutirmos um assunto multo mal interpretado no contexto cristão, que é o fato de algumas pessoas pensarem que o conhecer Jesus é ter a nossa vida mudada em todas as áreas, como se Deus tivesse o dever de transportar-nos deste mundo para um outro mundo onde muitas coisas maravilhosas que desejamos seriam reais. No entanto, a nossa fé não nos tira do mundo após nos convertermos; ao invés disso, permanecemos vivendo sob as mesmas circunstâncias. O propósito de Deus não é nos tirar do mundo, mas nos livrar das ações do maligno (Jo 17.15), Sendo assim, a vida eterna não significa estar fora da realidade deste mundo, mas conhecer o único Deus verdadeiro (Jo 17.3).
Lesson 12 - The Blessed Hope: The Mark of the Christian.pptxCelso Napoleon
Lesson 12 - The Blessed Hope: The Mark of the Christian
SBS – Sunday Bible School
Adult Bible Lessons 2nd quarter 2024 CPAD
MAGAZINE: THE CAREER THAT IS PROPOSED TO US: The Path of Salvation, Holiness and Perseverance to Reach Heaven
Commentator: Pastor Osiel Gomes
Presentation: Missionary Celso Napoleon
Renewed in Grace
Unleash your spiritual growth journey as a truth-seeker!
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Tracking "The Blessing" - Christianity · Spiritual Growth · Success
Do you ever feel like your Bible highlighting isn't quite enough to ignite lasting spiritual growth? Have you struggled to retain key takeaways from your Bible study sessions?
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In this video, you'll gain insights on:
How highlighting key verses and themes can enhance memory and retention of Scripture (we see a few key ones, here!)
Studies have shown that highlighting can significantly improve information recall. Highlighting key points visually reinforces them in your mind, leading to better long-term memory.
How to personalize your Bible study through strategic highlighting. Don't just highlight everything!
This video will teach you how to strategically highlight based on what resonates with you, focusing on central themes, recurring ideas, or connections between different passages.
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How connecting highlighted passages can reveal deeper biblical truths. By highlighting these connections, you can see the bigger picture and uncover the underlying messages within Scripture.
By the end of this video, you'll be equipped to unlock the hidden potential within your highlighted Bible and embark on a transformative spiritual growth journey! Don't forget to like and subscribe for more inspiring content on deepening your faith.
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5. “Some boast of chariots,
and some of horses; but we
boast of the name of the
Lord or God”
Psalm 20:8
6. Chapter
One
Then Nebuchadnezzar was very angry
with the whole region, and swore by his
throne and his kingdom that he would
avenge himself on all the territories of
Cilicia and Damascus and Syria, and also
destroy with his sword all the inhabitants
of Moab, Ammon, the whole of Judea." —
Judith 1:12Judea and several other
territories refused to join Nebuchadnezzar,
king of the Assyrians, in his war against
Arphaxad, king of the Medes. After
Nebuchadnezzar won the war, he swore
revenge on those who refused to be bullied
into joining him in
war.
7. Chapter
Two
There was a discussion in the palace
of Nebuchadnezzar, king of the
Assyrians, about taking revenge on
the whole world." —Judith 2:1
Like Nebuchadnezzar, there are still
many people trying to take revenge on
the whole world. Let's forgive and
repent of resentment and bitterness.
8. Chapter 3
"Nevertheless, he devastated their
whole territory and cut down their
sacred groves, for he had been
commissioned to destroy all the gods
of the earth, so that every nation
might worship Nebuchadnezzar alone,
and every people and tribe invoke
him as a god." —Judith 3:8
Holofernes' army steamrolled country
after country. The power of the evil
one sometimes seems invincible.
9. Chapter 4
"All the men of Israel cried to God with
great fervor and did penance." —Judith
4:9
The Israelites opposed Holofernes' mighty
army by praying, fasting, and doing
penance.
10. Chapter 4
"All the men of Israel cried to God with
great fervor and did penance." —Judith
4:9
The Israelites opposed Holofernes' mighty
army by praying, fasting, and doing
penance.
11. Chapter 5
But if they are not a guilty nation, then
your lordship should keep his distance;
otherwise their Lord and God will shield
them, and we shall become the
laughingstock of the whole world." —
Judith 5:21
Achior the Ammonite informed Holofernes
that the Israelites were invincible no
matter what the circumstances, if they
were obedient to the Lord (see 2 Cor 10:4-
6; Rm 16:19-20).
12. Chapter 6 "My servants will now conduct you to
the mountain region, and leave you at
one of the towns along the ascent.
You shall not die till you are
destroyed together with them. If you
Holofernes still cherish the hope that they will
responded to Achior not be taken, then there is no need
by handing him over
to the Israelites at for you to be downcast.—Judith 6:7-9
Bethulia. If the
Israelites were
obeying God and
Achior was right
about their
invincibility, he
would be saved.
Otherwise, he would
be killed.
13.
14. Chapter 7
The siege of Bethulia "Their children fainted away, and the
women and youths were consumed with thirst and were
collapsing in the streets and gateways of the city, with no
strength left in them." —Judith 7:22
The Israelites were surrounded by enemy troops who cut off
their water supply. They were left to literally die of thirst.
After 34 days, the people cried in agony to King Uzziah, who
promised to surrender in five days if the Lord did not
miraculously deliver His people.
.
15.
16. Chapter 8
"No one had a bad word to say about her, for she was a very
God-fearing woman." —Judith 8:8
With only five days left before the surrender and destruction of
Bethulia, a very beautiful and God-fearing widow, Judith,
entered the picture. After asking the elders of the city to visit
her, she corrected them for giving in to the people's complaints
and setting five days as a deadline for God's intervention. She
saw the tragic circumstances around her in a very different
perspective. She maintained that "we should be grateful to the
Lord our God, for putting us to the test, as He did our
forefathers" (8:25). "Not for vengeance did the Lord put them in
the crucible to try their hearts, nor has He done so with us. It is
by way of admonition that He chastises those who are close to
Him" (8:27). Finally, Judith promised: "I will do something that
will go down from generation to generation among the
descendants of our race" (8:32). "Within the days you have
specified before you will surrender the city to our enemies, the
Lord will rescue Israel by my hand" (8:33).
17. Chapter 9
"Judith threw herself down prostrate, with ashes strewn
upon her head, and wearing nothing over her sackcloth.
While the incense was being offered in the temple of God in
Jerusalem that evening, Judith prayed to the Lord with a
loud voice." —Judith 9:1
Judith prayed a mighty prayer of faith.
18. Chapter 10
"She made herself very beautiful, to
captivate the eyes of all the men who
should see her." —Judith 10:4
After concluding her prayer, Judith took
off her sackcloth and ashes, arranged
her hair, put on her best dress and
jewelry, and "made herself beautiful."
She left the city and went to the
enemy commander, Holofernes.
19. Chapter 11 "You are fair to behold, and your
words are well spoken." —Judith
11:23
Judith told Holofernes that she would
tell him when the Israelites had sinned
and thereby had become vulnerable to
his attacks. Holofernes had scoffed at
this line of thinking in chapter five.
Coming from the lovely lips of Judith,
however, he now considered it to be
wise.
20. Chapter 12
Jdt 12 — DRINKING AND DRIVING
"The heart of Holofernes was in rapture
over her, and his spirit was shaken. He was
burning with the desire to possess her, for
he had been biding his time to seduce her
from the day he saw her." —Judith 12:16
While Judith was careful to eat only kosher
food, "Holofernes, charmed by her, drank a
great quantity of wine, more than he had
ever drunk on one single day in his life"
(12:20). Alcohol + lust = death.
21. Chapter
13 "Blessed are you, daughter, by the
Most High God, above all women on
earth; and blessed be the Lord God,
the Creator of heaven and earth, Who
guided your blow at the head of the
chief of our enemies." —Judith 13:18
Judith chopped off the head of the
drunken Holofernes, put it in her picnic
basket, and went out to pray.
22. "Blessed are you, daughter, by the Most High God, above all women on earth; and blessed be the Lord God, the Creator of heaven and earth,
Judith chopped off the head of the drunken Holofernes, put it in her picnic basket, and went out to pray.
Chapter
14
"Blessed are you, daughter, by the Most
High God, above all women on earth;
and blessed be the Lord God, the
Creator of heaven and earth, Who
guided your blow at the head of the
chief of our enemies." —Judith 13:18
Judith chopped off the head of the
drunken Holofernes, put it in her picnic
basket, and went out to pray.
23. Chapter
15
" At daybreak they hung the head of
Holofernes on the wall. Then all the Israelite
men took up their arms and went to the
slopes of the mountain." —Judith 14:11
When the Assyrian army heard about the
beheading of Holofernes, they were "overcome
with fear and trembling. No one kept ranks any
longer; they scattered in all directions, and fled
along every road, both through the valley and
in the mountains. Those also who were
stationed in the mountain district around
Bethulia took to flight. Then all the Israelite
warriors overwhelmed them" (15:2-3). They
seized an enormous quantity of booty and, in
Judith's honor, threw a party and started
dancing.
As Winter ends and the Springtime festivals of Passover and Pentecost draw near, Jews and Christians contemplate the wonderful acts of salvation that God performed for His People at that season. For both Jews and Christians, God's miraculous deliverance of Israel from slavery in Egypt during the Passover feast serves as the birthday of the Chosen People. For Christians, the miraculous deliverance of mankind by Jesus Christ during the Passover feast is the very climax of all human history. Consequently, the annual Passover season forms the foundation of the liturgical calendar in both the Synagogue and the Church. Inspired by the deep spiritual meaning of the Passover, a Jewish writer who lived perhaps over a century before the birth of Christ recorded a tale of divine intervention on behalf of Israel, in which a Gentile invasion is thwarted by a godly woman named Judith. In this story we turn to the dramatic story of how Judith saved her people from the plight of Holofernes and his powerful army. Along with Achoir a honest and most humble warrior who unknowingly embarks on a path to salvation.
According to the Navarre bible Judith is one of the Deutrocannanical books of the Old Testament., that it, it does not form part of the Hebrew canon. The manuscripts are in Greek and are thought to be a translation of an original Semitic text. (Hebrew or Aramaic) This book is a paean expressing hope in God who does not forget his people, particularly when they are in difficulty, and who comes to their rescue when he is invoked with an upright heart. The Book of Judith was probably written by a Jew living in the Holy Land sometime in the latter half of the second century B.C. Although it exists today only in Greek and Latin versions, it was written originally in Hebrew. This Hebrew version was translated into Greek and included in the Greek Septuagint edition of the Old Testament. The Greek version was later translated into Latin. An Aramaic version was also prepared from the original Hebrew. The Hebrew version is last mentioned by Origen in the third century A.D., but when St. Jerome wanted to prepare a fresh translation for the Latin Vulgate he was only able to obtain the Aramaic translation. Using the Aramaic and the Old Latin versions, St. Jerome produced the version that appears in the Latin Vulgate. The Hebrew, Aramaic, and Old Latin versions are no longer extant-only the Greek Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate versions remain.
The book is divided into two parts as stated in Chapters 1-7:32 which I will be addressing today as well as Chapters 8:1 – 16:25 which will be my teaching for next week.In chapters 1-7 the Israelites are beset by a powerful enemy. The text describes the action plan of a powerful army headed for Jerusalem; not far from its objective, it besieges the Israelites in the city of Bethulia. First we are told how fear stricken everyone is by Nebuchadnezzar’s military might in verses 1:1-16. and of the impressive advance of his army led by Holofernes. (2:1-3:10) drawing ever closer to the Israelites –and how they implored God to help them (4:1-15) When Holofernes draws near Bethulia and is discussing strategy with various commanders, one of them, Achoir, the Ammonite leader, tells them about the greatness of the God of Israel (5:1-6:21). Eventually , the siege of Bethulia becomes so intense that its inhabitants are at a point of surrendering ( 7:1-32)
With this all in mind it seems like it is an impossible victory to overcome. There are three key people in the story of Judith. Those being Holofernes the powerful military leader who terrorizes the people, Achoir the Ammonite, who is being brought into the Assyrian army to inform about the Jewish people who is kind of like being a scout. He gives Holofernes his honest perspective about Israel’s history as a God fearing people who have God on their side.. He tells this great Assyrian army that just been steamrolling over other counties, just knocking them over easy and nobody can stop them and he tells them they can’t even touch the Jews , unless they sin
Then we have Judith, a widow and the heroine of this book who despite many obstacles goes on to fight the good fight because of her faith in God. Judith was a righteous woman. She was a woman who obeyed the law of God. She was a woman who had priority in obeying the commandments. She was a woman who delighted in the law of the Lord. Her story comes into light in chapters 8-15. The impossible victory was all done by the powers of God. She let the door open for God’s power by her righteousness. Judith symbolizes faith, whereas Holofernes epitomizes force. These two characters are a paradigm of the difference between those who rely on human power and those who hope is in God. It is the same teaching that is given in
The enemy is portrayed as an amalgam of power that caused the fall of Israel and later of Judah-the military might of Assyria and the overwhelming pride o Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar was the prototype of the powerful, tyrannical, proud ruler. The sacred author, who is writing a story to convey a message and is not very interested in history or chronology , uses Nebuchadnezzar as a symbol for the those who dominated the Jews when the book was written. The monarch described here is depicted as a proud and powerful king whose rule is expanding right across the Middle East. First he attacks King Aprhazad whose power is indicated by the size of his walls around his capital, Ecbatana. Nebuchadnezzar tried to get allies to join him in his siege of this city, but he failed to do so, and resolved to take revenge against those who would not help him.
In search of revenge, Nebuchadnezzar sends Holofernes, his commander-in-chief on a punitive campaign. “The eighteen year: of Nebuchadnezzar was 587 BC, the very year when Babylonian troops took Jerusalem , profaned the temple and set it on fire, and deported part of the population as stated in Jeremiah 52;29. The date is highly symbolic: for the writer the destruction of the temple of Jerusalem implied that Nebuchadnezzar was assuming the prerogatives of divinity, as can also be seen from the fact that he called himself, “Lord of all the earth” Holofernes gathers a huge army and sets out an a campaign of death and destruction. The order to prepare the earth and water in verse 7 is a Persian expression meaning by all means necessary for a conquering army to move in and establish itself in a country. So Nebuchadnezzar's intention was to conquer and seize. Even those who didn’t resist him were subject to his wrath, the worse thing was that they were forced to worship him as a God as stated in Daniel 3: 1-7. Therefore the danger that was threatened was not only to take by force but they had to render to a man the worship that was due to God alone. In verse 13, chapter 2 Holifernes was told “Do not disobey a single one of these orders. Fulfill them exactly as I have commanded you.” He’s already in trouble. He’s not fulfilling them as he was commanded to. That’s why Holifernes becomes the real villain here. He did not really follow orders he took matters into his own hands and took more revenge and disobeyed the orders he was given.According to the Navarre Bible the route of the march is described in verse 2:21-3:10 and is geographically impossible. Here the author is exaggerating the feats of Holofernes, to prepare the groundwork for the religious message he wants to convey.
In chapter 3, verse 7 because of H. military superiority he had subdued all the people and the people it says in verse 7 “ of these cities and all the inhabitants of the countryside received him with garlands and dancing to the sound of timbales. But never the less he devastated the whole territory and cut down their sacred groves. For he had been commissioned to destroy all the Gods of the earth so that allnations shall worship Nebacnezer alone and every people and tribe evokes him as a God. That wasn’t really what he was commissioned to do. If we look back in Chapter 2 verse 10 it says, Neb. Had told Holifernes to go before me and take possession of all their territories. If they surrender to you, guard them for me till the day of punishment. He didn’t really tell Hel. to destroy them, he told them to guard them. At the end of chapter 3, in verse 10 Holifernes set up his camp between Gerba and Cephalous and stayed there a whole month to refurbish all the equipment of his army. That’s just put in there to set up his next attack which will be against the Jewish people in Judea. He was planning form there to go on to Jerusalem and destroy the temple again.
The Israelites are terrified when they hear of Holofernes’ military advances and they take steps to resist him by establishing fortresses, stockpiling provisions and stationing their men in strategic positions. (V 4-8) but they also try to win God’s help by means of prayers and penance (v 9-15) The message of this chapter is that this is primarily a struggle about religion. The enemy army depicts the huge impiety and arrogant pride of someone who thinks he is almighty and has no need of God’ whereas the Israelites are devout people who know full well that their strength comes from God alone, and that prayer is the best way to acknowledge their dependence on God just as the Catechism states that “by prayer and petition we express awareness of our relationship with God. We are creatures who are not our own beginning, not he masters of adversity, not our own last end. We are sinners who as Christians know we have turned away from our Father. Our petition is already turning back to him” Catechism of the Catholic Church 2629.‘When the Israelites who dwell in Judea heard of all that Holifernes commander and chief of Nebakenezzar, King of the Assyrians had done to the nations and how he destroyed all their temples and how they destroyed them they were in extreme dread of him and greatly alarmed for Jerusalem an r the temple of their Lord. In verse 4 and 5 is how they responded militarily. They sent word to the other Jewish cities around there about this upcoming attack to warn them. In verse 5 they posted guards on all the summits of the high mountains. They fortified their villages and they stored up provisions. But in a religious way is verse 9 “They cried to God with great fervor and did penance” So, the preparing both militarily and spiritually for this attack for this attack. The fact that the spiritual component of this was mentioned shows the religious influence and character of the people. This is the only place in the bible that the altar was covered in sackcloth that that’s mentioned. Now we get to verse 7 of Chapter 4. It the first mention of this little town Butulia. Here is one of the ironies. It’s the most important towns in this story. But it’s virtually unknown. In fact, nobody can really find it on a map. Some people think it is was a symbolic Hebrew name meaning, “House of God” and it was sort of a made up name and it some kind of literary device. It was thought to mean “House of Ascent” going up, symbolizing high places that mountain top thing. It’s mentioned in verse 6 of chapter 4 where it says, “Joachim was high priest in Jerusalem in those days and wrote to the inhabitants of Butulia, which is on the way to these others places and instructed them to keep firm hold of the mountain passes since they afforded access to Judea. So, technically this little town is the first in line blocking this mountain pass that goes through Judea to the temple which is where Holifernes was going to take his army and destroy everything. Here is like a little town defending the nation. One would ask ,”How could this ever work” God asks the little town to prepare a hold against the strongest military leader. It brings us to chapter 4, where it talks about the Israelites who knows that they will be attacked next, are preparing to defend themselves. Needless to say, when they realize all the West have been conquered and destroyed they become afraid also. You can read that in chapter 4, verse 1 and 2. ‘When the Israelites who dwell in Judea heard of all that Holifernes commander and chief of Nebakenezzar, King of the Assyrians had done to the nations and how he destroyed all their temples and how they destroyed them they were in extreme dread of him and greatly alarmed for Jerusalem and the temple of their Lord. The people are preparing for the war.Down to verse 12. The altar too, they draped in sackcloth. What they do here is they go into prayer and mourning in anticipation of the attack and the altar they drape in sackcloth and with one accord they cried out fervently to the God of Israel not to allow their children to be seized. They are concerned about their property. But they also very concerned about their religious threat. They responded in both a militarily and religious way.So it says in verse 23: “We are not afraid of the Israelites for they are a powerless people incapable of a strong offense let us therefore attack them your great army Lord seethe the Lord Holifernes will swallow them up” So it’s all kind of going to their heads. The final advice of Achior was not to go into battle with these people and Holifernes and his army didn’t want to hear it because they saw themselves as greater. So this whole thing sets up a battle against this Lord Holifernes and the Lord God. Again going back to who is the greater? Who is really God? The one who is getting ready to attack Israel or the one who is going to defend Israel
Now we get to verse 7 of Chapter 4. It the first mention of this little town Butulia. Here is one of the ironies. It’s the most important towns in this story. But it’s virtually unknown. In fact, nobody can really find it on a map. Some people think it is was a symbolic Hebrew name meaning, “House of God” and it was sort of a made up name and it some kind of literary device. It was thought to mean “House of Ascent” going up, symbolizing high places that mountain top thing. It’s mentioned in verse 6 of chapter 4 where it says, “Joachim was high priest in Jerusalem in those days and wrote to the inhabitants of Butulia, which is on the way to these others places and instructed them to keep firm hold of the mountain passes since they afforded access to Judea. So, technically this little town is the first in line blocking this mountain pass that goes through Judea to the temple which is where Holifernes was going to take his army and destroy everything. Here is like a little town defending the nation. One would ask ,”How could this ever work” God asks the little town to prepare a hold against the strongest military leader. It brings us to chapter 4, where it talks about the Israelites who knows that they will be attacked next, are preparing to defend themselves. Needless to say, when they realize all the West have been conquered and destroyed they become afraid also. You can read that in chapter 4, verse 1 and 2. ‘When the Israelites who dwell in Judea heard of all that Holifernes commander and chief of Nebakenezzar, King of the Assyrians had done to the nations and how he destroyed all their temples and how they destroyed them they were in extreme dread of him and greatly alarmed for Jerusalem and the temple of their Lord. The people are preparing for the war.Down to verse 12. The altar too, they draped in sackcloth. What they do here is they go into prayer and mourning in anticipation of the attack and the altar they drape in sackcloth and with one accord they cried out fervently to the God of Israel not to allow their children to be seized. They are concerned about their property. But they also very concerned about their religious threat. They responded in both a militarily and religious way.So it says in verse 23: “We are not afraid of the Israelites for they are a powerless people incapable of a strong offense let us therefore attack them your great army Lord seethe the Lord Holifernes will swallow them up” So it’s all kind of going to their heads. The final advice of Achior was not to go into battle with these people and Holifernes and his army didn’t want to hear it because they saw themselves as greater. So this whole thing sets up a battle against this Lord Holifernes and the Lord God. Again going back to who is the greater? Who is really God? The one who is getting ready to attack Israel or the one who is going to defend Israel
Chapter 5 depicts an account that set Holofernes and his army close to the Israelites, who are ready to repel his attack on their city. To this foreign general the sons of Israel are a people of no significance; he seems to know nothing about them, for before launching his attack he asks for a report, in order to work out a military strategy. Achoir, whose names means, “my brother is light”, gives Holofernes a detailed summary of the Israelites. He explains that they are a special people, they have not survived through force of arms. His speech is divided into three parts-history of the Jewish people in verse 5-16; their faithfulness to God (vs. 17-19) Holifernes would be wise to ponder carefully before he takes them on.Now in chapter 5 and verse” it was reported to Holifernes, commander and chief of the Assyrian army that the Israelites were ready for battle and had blocked the passes, fortified the summits of the highest peaks and placed roadblocks. In great anger he summoned all these other rulers and said to them, “What can you tell me about these people?” What cities do these people inhabit? How large is their army? What does their power and strength consist of? Why have they refused to come out and surrender like all the people in the West did in other words? Holifernes is thinking, “Who the heck are these people standing in front of me stopping my progress? So he’s asking all these others nations that have joined his army, “What do you know about these people? Give me some information so I can be better prepared for this. And this guy named, Achoir, he is the one who was a seasoned warrior. At this point he goes to Holifernes and explains the history of the Jews. This is a very important part here because he tells it very accurately. Remember he's the one who’s truthful in what he says. Remember its Judith later on that deceitful. He’s being very truthful and he’s fighting on Holifernes side so Holifernes is going to believe him because he’s on his side and he should believe him because he is telling him the truth. Achoir answers all his questions; the only question he really doesn’t answer was “who is their king?” because all the readers of this, the Jewish people would know it is Yahweh. He is the King. It goes without saying and Achoir doesn’t mention that part. The reason it is important for Holifernes to hear it from someone he believes is when later when Judith gets into the picture and starts talking to Holifernes, she uses a lot of the same information and consequently because it is the same Holifernes believes her. Since he’s heard it before he wouldn’t think she’s making it up and wouldn’t trust her. He’s heard this story before from someone he trusts. What Achoir says though to Holifernes, after he tells them the history in Chapter 5 verse 17? As long as the Israelites did not sin in the sight of their God they would prosper for their God who hates wickedness was with them. Verse 20 says, “So now my Lord and Master, if these people are at fault and are sinning against their God and if we verify this offense of them then we shall be able to go up and conquer them. But if they are not a guilty nation then your Lordship should keep his distance otherwise their Lord and God will shield them and we shall become the laughing stock of the whole world. You can tell Holifernes is an arrogant person and he doesn’t want to listen to this guy anymore who tells him this because Holifernes thinks he can conquer anybody and he doesn’t want to hear that God is going to save somebody. The people didn’t like to hear that either and they are getting in an uproar over what Akilor was saying that there was a possibility that they would lose this battle. In Father’s Al’s teaching on Judith he states the following:There’s this super army against this little group of nobodies. Then there is this Anomite leader scout, “if you get near them they will blow you right out of the water if they haven’t sinned. We see this with Judith. We are holy. If we are holy, if we are repentant. We are untouchable. Now of course the Assyrian leaders thought that what he said was totally ridiculous. They said, “Achoir, what you said it so stupid I’m going to put you into one of the cities that I am going to knock over in a few minutes and if you’re wrong you are going to get killed but if you are right you’ll be o.k.So it says in verse 23: “We are not afraid of the Israelites for they are a powerless people incapable of a strong offense let us therefore attack them your great army Lord seethe the Lord Holifernes will swallow them up” So it’s all kind of going to their heads. The final advice of Achior was not to go into battle with these people and Holifernes and his army didn’t want to hear it because they saw themselves as greater. So this whole thing sets up a battle against this Lord Holifernes and the Lord God. Again going back to who is the greater? Who is really God? The one who is getting ready to attack Israel or the one who is going to defend Israel? Holofernes follows Achoir’s speech with one of his own in which he exalts the divine power of Nebuchadnezzar in a typical prophetical language. Religious values are plainly at stake in the confrontation that lies ahead; Nebuchadnezzar's desire for vengeance is at odds with the will and might of the God of Israel. This is confirmed by the phrase “he has spoken; none of his words shall be in vain” an idea refuted by statements made by the prophets.
In Chapter 6 Holofernes is so enraged that he punishes Achoir by handing him over to the Israelites. When they hear what he has to say, they become even more conscious of the need to have recourse to God; and they treat Achoir with kindness. Moving on to chapter 6 verse 2 Holifernes and his people get a little upset with Achoir and says, ‘Who are you Alkilor to prophesize among us as you have done today and tell us not to fight against the Israelites because their God protects them? What God is there is there besides Nebuchadnezzar He will send his force and destroy them from the face of the earth and their God will not save them. “So it’s saying, “Why are you playing the prophet Alkilor? And yet he was very much the prophet for them but Holifernes didn’t see the irony in that. Holifernes did not realize that he wasn’t just acting he was being the prophet. In verse 5, chapter 6. “As for you Achior, your Ammonite mercenary for saying these things in a moment of perversity you shall not see my face after today until I have taken revenge on this race of people from Egypt. “ This is very ironic for when Achoir sees Holofernes' face is when it is not attached to his body and Holifernes is saying this. Holifernes is being the prophet himself there in that case. So Holifernes and the people are all upset with Achior now. They were happy with him at first when they were telling him about the Jewish history and all that but when they told him they shouldn’t go into battle they turned on him and they are all upset with him. IN verse 7, chapter 6 Holifernes says “My servants will now conduct you Achior, to the mountain region and leave you at one of the towns along the ascent. You shall not die until you are destroyed together with them. Achoir’s fate is going to be the same fate as the Jewish people in Bethulia. He’s being sent to Bethulia by Holifernes because of what he said about the Jewish’s peoples God’s going to save them so Holifernes is saying well we’ll just see. Your fate is going to be tied up with theirs. Verse 8 says, “You shall not die until you are destroyed together with them. If you still cherish the hope that they will not be taken then there is no need for you to be downcast. I have spoken and my words shall not prove false in any respect.” At any rate, just about everything that Holifernes had said here about him dying and all that and Holifernes taking over these people happens the opposite of what he says. When he has spoken that his words shall not prove false, well most of his words did prove false which depicts another irony. It’s mentioning high places here again, it says in verse 7, “My servant will now conduct you to the mountain region “So as the battle grows closer this idea of these high places is being emphasized again. In verse 15, Achior gets to Bethulia and the people there took him in. Verse 14-“The Israelites came down from him to the city and loosed him because Holifernes’ men had tied him up at the bottom of the hill. And they brought him into the city of Bethulia. They hailed him before the rulers of the day. Then they convened all the elders of the city along with the young men and women of the assembly and they placed Achior in the center and they questioned him. He replied in verse 17-by giving them an account of what was said in the counsel of Holifernes and in all of his own words among the Assyrian officers. Verse 18-At this the people fell prostrate and worshipped God and they cried, “Lord God of Heaven. Behold their arrogance. Have pity on the lowliness of our people and look with favor this day on those who are consecrated to you.” So they were looking to God in this respect, in this point. When it talks about verse 21 they brought him from the assembly to his house where he gave a banquet for the elders. They were really having an all night prayer service. They were praying for deliverance. They were praying to God. A little summary of this last part. Good old haughty Holifernes says to Achior because of your great advise not to fight, I will have mercy on you actually but in a sense we warned you by turning you over to the Israelites and your fate is going to be in their hands and actually Achoir’s advise to Holifernes not to fight was great and it turned out to be Achoir’s salvation really otherwise he wouldn’t be turned over to the Jewish people and would have been destroyed when Holifernes and his army gets destroyed. So he was able to live because of his advice to Holifernes. It another one of those ironies because Holifernes thought he was sending him off to be doomed and in fact his he was sending him off to be saved with the Israelite.
The seize of BethuliaocThe city whose deliverance by Judith, when besieged by Holofernes, forms the subject of the Book of Judith. The view that Bethulia is merely a symbolic name for Jerusalem or a fictitious town, has met with little favor, even among those who deny the historical character of the book. Bethulia is clearly distinguished from Jerusalem (4:6; 11:14, 19; 15:5, 8; the references throughout the article being to the fuller Greek text), and the topographical details leave no doubt that the story, even if it be only a pious romance, is connected with a definite place. Its site, however, is in dispute. Beside Sânûr, Mithilîyeh, or Misilîyeh, Tell Kheibar and Beit-Ilfa, which have divided opinion for some time, Haraiq el-Mallah, Khirbet Sheikh Shibel, el-Bârid and Sichem (Bethulia being considered a pseudonym) have recently been proposed as sites of Bethulia. The city was situated on a mountain overlooking the plain of Jezrael, or Esdrelon, and commanding narrow; passes to the south (4:6-7; 6:11-13); at the foot of the mountain there was an important spring, and other springs were in the neighborhood (6:11; 7:3, 7, 12). Moreover it lay within investing lines which ran through Dothain, or Dothan, now Tell Dothân, to Belthem, or Belma, no doubt the same as the Belamon of 8:3, and thence to Kyamon, or Chelmon, "which lies over against Esdrelon" (7:3). These data point to a site on the heights west of Jenîn (Engannim), between the plains of Esdrelon and Dothan, where Haraiq, Kh. Sheikh Shibel, and el-Bârid lie close together. Such a site best fulfils all requirements. It lies between lines drawn from Tell Dothân to Belæema, probably Belma, or Belamon, and from the latter to el-Yâmûn, probably Kyamon; there are a number of springs and wells in the neighborhood, and near by are the two passes of KefrAdân and Burqîn, so narrow in places that two horsemen cannot ride abreast. One of the three above-named places is in all probability the site of ancient Bethulia. The other sites are all deficient in some essential requirement. curred in
Here is the siege of Bethulia by Holofernes. Despite beseeching God’s help, the Israelites become terrified when they find themselves surrounded. Their appeal to Uzziah, the main rule and the council of elders show how despairing they are; it is as if they have lost faith in God, and it is reminiscent of the complaints the Israelites in the desert made against Moses. Under pressure all that Uzziah can do is delay the decision to surrender for 5 days, in the hope that God may still show mercy before the 5 days are up. This reflects the dire straights in which the Jews found themselves during that time, but it also prepares the ground for God’s wondrous intervention, jus as he also came to their rescue during the Exodus. Well what happened to their faith in God? It sort of melted when they saw the army in front of them. “They all seized their weapons, lighted fires on their bases and kept watch throughout the night. On the second day Holofernes marches out and seizes their water supply and in doing so they would cut off their water and they would surrender when they ran out of water. The people got upset and thought it would be better to surrender than to become their prey. In verse 27-“Would we be better off to become their prey. We should indeed be made slaves, but at least we would live and not to behold our little ones dying before our eyes” So there are asking this Uzziah and their chief elders just to surrender the town. They are saying in verse 28- “We adjure you by heaven and earth, and by our God, the Lord of our forefathers, who is punishing us for our sins and for our forefathers, to do as we have proposed this very day” Well see they are saying that they have been unfaithful and God will not defend them anymore and so they really need to surrender but when Judith comes on the scene she doesn’t admit to that, she says the people have been faithful and they should expect God to deliver them. But up to this point, the people are getting afraid and are asking to surrender. In verse 30-“But Uzziah said to them, “Courage, my brothers! Let us wait five days more for the Lord, our God, to show his mercy toward us; he will not utterly forsake us.” But then he adds, “But if those days pass without help coming to us I will do as you say” So he was on the side of being a bit wishy washy side. He was willing to trust God for 5 more days but after that forget it. He would give in to the people of the town.In the last chapter the tempo of the story picks up a little bit, with the dialogue between the people. It’s written to give insight into the character and the feelings of the people who are talking. Bethulia had started out strongly defying Holofernes. But now you can say both now their courage and their water is evaporating. When one goes the other goes and Uzziah compromises by saying he will wait for 5 days but then gives in prolongs the setting up of the contrast when we have the next part when Judith comes on with her deep faith and the situation is saved. It begins with a god-fearing widow, who despite the general collapse of the Israelites morale, she still puts her trust in God and is determined to take action to save her people.