1. Study Guide for Test on Chapter 9: Covalent Bonding <br />(10% of completed study guide as extra credit on test)<br />What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds? <br />What is a molecule? <br />What are diatomic molecules? List all of them? Are they ionic, purely covalent, or polar covalent?<br />What are lone pairs? What are bonding pairs?<br />How many sigma and pi bonds are in single, double, and triple bonds?<br />How is bond length related to bond strength? <br />Which is shorter single, doubles, or triple?<br />What is the term for the energy required to break a chemical bond?<br />What do “endothermic” and “exothermic” mean?<br />Name these compounds: CCl4; As2O3; CO; SO2; C2H6; NF3.<br />Know how to go from the name to the formula. Ex: dihydrogen monoxide<br />Name these acids: HI; HClO3; HClO2: H2SO4; H2S.<br />Draw Lewis structures for: PO43-, NF3, CS2, BH3, ClO4- , NH4+ , SO3, NO2-, PCl5.<br />What are the three exceptions to the octet rule? <br />What is resonance? When does it occur? Give an example. <br />What is the VSEPR model? What is it used for? <br />What are the domain shapes & molecular shapes of : BF3, OCl2, CF4, BeF2, PH3. <br />What is electronegativity? <br />What is polarity?<br />What is a dipole?<br />Organize the following in order of increasing polarity: C-O, C-Cl, C-F, C-C<br />How can differences in electronegativity be used to determine whether a bond is ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent?<br />What are hybrid orbitals?<br />Determine the hybrid orbitals for # 8 3rd bullet (PO43-, NF3, CS2, BH3, ClO4- , NH4+ , SO3, NO2-, PCl5.)<br />****For answers to bulleted exercises, see pp. 926-927 of Textbook.<br />
