The document discusses different types of business structures including sole proprietorships, partnerships, and limited partnerships. It outlines the key advantages and disadvantages of each structure, such as sole proprietorships providing convenience but unlimited liability, while partnerships entail shared control but joint liability for all partners. The document also notes that limited partnerships separate general and limited partners so that limited partners have limited liability for partnership debts.
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Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure
as Myth and Ceremonyl
John W. Meyer and Brian Rowan
Stanford University
Many formal organizational structures arise as reflections of ratio-
nalized institutional rules. The elaboration of such rules in modern
states and societies accounts in part for the expansion and increased
complexity of formal organizational structures. Institutional rules
function as myths which organizations incorporate, gaining legitimacy,
resources, stability, and enhanced survival prospects. Organizations
whose structures become isomorphic with the myths of the institu-
tional environment-in contrast with those primarily structured by
the demands of technical production and exchange-decrease internal
coordination and control in order to maintain legitimacy. Structures
are decoupled from each other and from ongoing activities. In place of
coordination, inspection, and evaluation, a logic of confidence and
good faith is employed.
Formal organizations are generally understood to be systems of coordinated
and controlled activities that arise when work is embedded in complex
networks of technical relations and boundary-spanning exchanges. But in
modern societies formal organizational structures arise in highly institu-
tionalized contexts. Professions, policies, and programs are created along
with the products and services that they are understood to produce rational-
ly. This permits many new organizations to spring up and forces existing
ones to incorporate new practices and procedures. That is, organizations are
driven to incorporate the prac ...
Herramienta de diagnóstico de organizaciones en un marco de autogestión, que aplica las mismas leyes funcionales que describen la viabilidad de los sistemas biológicos. Jerarquías subsidiarias, autogestión a todos los niveles y adaptación a un entorno que cambia rápidamente, son algunas de sus características. Ha sido utilizado con gran éxito desde su descubrimiento, hecho por Stafford Beer en la década de los '70.
Respond to the below discussion questionsDo the following w.docxcarlstromcurtis
Respond to the below discussion questions:
Do the following when responding:
Read the discussions.
Provide substantive comments by
- contributing new, relevant information from course readings, Web sites, or other sources;
- building on the remarks or questions of others; or
sharing practical examples of key concepts from your professional or personal experiences
- Respond to feedback on your posting and provide feedback to other students on their ideas.
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Discussion #1
How does systems thinking apply to an organization’s culture, goals, and structures?
First, one of the greatest aspects of our country is the ability to provide opportunity; one of the saddest part of our country is when that opportunity forgets its original mission, serving others. I make these arguments for this post this week because I ask my fellow peers: how does system thinking (ST) create a space that hinders and destroys its’ original goal? Well, let me first begin by examining the recent closure of over sixty-three Sam Club stores in the United States on Friday, January 12, 2018. According to CNBC, “Walmart is taking prudent steps to prepare for the next generation of retail warfare” (Thomas and Wells, 2018). However, what Walmart fails to the report is the number of employees who went to work yesterday and with no warning, lost their jobs! Whose best interest is at heart? The employee or the stakeholders?
Secondly, I would argue that organizational culture produces an organizational climate; in terms of communication, basically, how communication interactions are positively or negatively carried in a culture, they can have an incredible impact on the climate. An organizational climate can be reciprocal and can clearly influence a culture – look again, at Walmart Sam Club store closings. Thus, I posit this question: what does the leader have an ability to execute? Next, how well can they sell that vision?
According to our text, authors, Uhl-Bien, Schermerhorn, and Osborn (2014) elucidate, “one of the most accepted conclusions of scientific research to date is that there is no single best way to handle people and the situations that develop as they work together in organizations” Uhl-Bien., et.al, 2014). Thus, for the staff at Walmart the transformation process was ignored and employees (and yes, some stakeholders) were deeply affected by the lack of transparency executed by ST in a clear and evidently broken system. Sadly, socioeconomic class plays a vital role in a lot of decision making for larger corporations in terms of whom they decided to provide goods and services to consumers.
How are the stakeholders in an organization interconnected and interrelated?
Stakeholders in organization are interconnected and interrelated becaus ...
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Why Is Black History Month Important
A Beam of Light to the Sunshine State In the campus of the college she founded, by the most beautiful beach, humbly and quietly rests a great soul, Mary McLeod Bethune. Many people wonder why Black History Month is so important. Black History Month is not just a name, it is a celebration of innovative Black Americans like Mary McLeod Bethune, who didn t let racial discrimination and discouragement stop her from achieving her dreams against all odds. In 1904, black children in Daytona, Florida received no education, but instead labored tirelessly in the cotton fields. On October 3, with $1.50, and faith in God, the very determined young Mary McLeod opened the Daytona Literary
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Narrative Essay On Dyslexia
There I was, with tears streaming down my face while my classmates eyes followed me out of the classroom. My heart sank to my stomach out of pure embarrassment. Like any sixth grader, all I wanted was to fit in. Because I had faced the struggles of my learning disorder all throughout elementary school, I was used to being pulled out of class. However, this was different. My whole class, my peers, and the people I constantly strived to impress were now aware of my differences. I had dealt with dyslexia my entire life. I had made so much progress, but this experience made the years of hard work seem pointless. I went through so much the extra classes, homework, and tutoring yet, at this moment I felt as though I was a little first grader again,...show more content...Because of my disorder, I never imagined that I would be where I am today. Dyslexia is classified as a learning disability, but I do not view it this way because it was an obstacle that I am proud to say I faced. Despite how hard it was, this disorder taught me that your disabilities do not define you. It showed me that with enough motivation and effort, I could become everything I had always hoped to
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The 10 Steps Of Being A Successful Student
The 10 Steps of Being a Successful Student
By Ronnie Phillips | Submitted On February 11, 2011
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Expert Author Ronnie Phillips
1. Setting Goals Students, who set goals are continuously working toward being successful. These students have something positive to strive for, which keeps them on target for success. Another benefit of setting goals involves teaching the students how to develop a successful plan of action for school, which can be carried over to life. Students should develop a variety of goals both short and long term. To keep the focus the students should write goals down and review their progress on a regular schedule.
2. Managing Time Students are very busy and in order to have success they need to organize their time each day. This can begin by having a planner or calendar that can be used to record all assignments and activities. The planner should be utilized daily, weekly, and monthly. When developing a schedule the students first priority is having enough time to study each day. School related business is also a high priority on the planner. In addition to the planner, the student can use a to do list of all activities
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Personal Goals
1)
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Academic Cheating Analysis
An act of academic dishonesty triggers a ripple effect in which there are a variety of people who are impacted by the decision of a single individual. Cheating occurs when an individual acts in a way to gain an unfair advantage (Lehnert, 2017). In 2013 the reputation of Harvard was questioned when approximately 70 students were forced to leave the institution because of academic dishonesty (Pérez Peña, 2013). This particular incident, ...has given a black eye to one of the world s great educational institutions (Pérez Peña, 2013). Despite the reputation of the university, around 17 students are forced to leave because of academic dishonesty each year (Pérez Peña, 2013). With cheating occurring more frequently, the debate over where responsibility should be placed continues throughout educational institutions.
When an individual decides to engage in cheating, they are consciously making a decision that will not only impact themselves, but the class as a whole, the professors, the university, and businesses or investors. By cheating, the integrity and reputation of the professor along with the teaching assistants becomes questionable. It also impacts the reputation of the university as a whole, especially because Harvard is a well known, prestigious institution respected for its level of academic programs. An incident like this goes on to impact businesses with partnerships or individuals who invest in Harvard. The reputation of the brand comes into question because
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Andrew Carnegie Biography Essay
Andrew Carnegie, born November 25, 1835 in Dunfermline, Scotland, was the owner of Carnegie Steel Corporation; one of the biggest of its kind in the world. Carnegie moved to the United States at the age of twelve with his parents after his father, a handloom weaver, was gradually replaced with power looms. Carnegie was from a poor family and could not afford an education, but he always had access to books and through reading was able to educate himself, at least a little. Once in America he worked in one of the many factories in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, making $1.20 a week. After that he managed to find a job as a telegraph messenger. He taught himself how to send the telegraph messages and eventually became a telegraph operator at the age of seventeen. Through his life he learned two different things from his parents. His father believed in helping the less fortunate, from his mother he learned to put himself before anyone else....show more content...He also bought stock in an oil company, and a company that made railroad sleeping cars. In 1865 he left the railroad company to start his business. By 1872 Carnegie was traveling to sell bonds to European investors, and in this time he realized that steel would increase in demand in the coming years and decided to enter into the steel industry. With his partners, their steel mill became the most modern of its time. In 1873 to 1879 though there was a business recession in U.S. By 1880 Carnegie managed to keep his business aloft and it once again thrived as steel came into demand. His steel company earned millions in revenue. By 1892 he combined three of his companies and created the Carnegie St
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Descriptive Essay About Walking
Walking is something that you learn at a young age and you don t remember anything about it. You also take it for granted. I on the other hand have learned it three times now and can tell you every detail about the entire process. I am one of the very few people that don t overlook it like it s something that isn t a big deal. Learning to walk is a blessing, but a difficult task. At the age of twelve is was granted the opportunity to play basketball all summer. I was playing at the SIU arena. Walking into the gym and looking at how high the ceiling was and how open the floor was made me feel even smaller than I was. The girls on the team were talking about how big the floor looked, and kept asking coach if it was bigger than our floor but...show more content...I thought that I would be able to do that with no problem, that was shortly lived. I worked two hours for four days a week on just that task, I d come out and my shirt looked like it was raining in there from all the sweat. The start of my second week we were working on just pointing my toes with the slight moving of my ankle. The pain that this caused I would cry, scream and get frustrated because I couldn t do something that simple either. I eventually got to where I could do it the middle of week four so then we worked on pulling my foot towards me which was again painful and a week and a half long process. Finally I could do all the little tasks without a problem! My therapist told me to stand, I told him I couldn t so he eased my mind and told me he d help me. With his assistance he took most of my weight and I stood up, I thought I was doing something great so he let go and I fell. I don t k
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3XEOLVKHG�E\��The University of Chicago Press
6WDEOH�85/��http://www.jstor.org/stable/2778293 .
$FFHVVHG������������������
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of
content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms
of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
.
The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to
American Journal of Sociology.
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This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.52.71 on Wed, 28 Nov 2012 00:55:59 AM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucpress
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Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure
as Myth and Ceremonyl
John W. Meyer and Brian Rowan
Stanford University
Many formal organizational structures arise as reflections of ratio-
nalized institutional rules. The elaboration of such rules in modern
states and societies accounts in part for the expansion and increased
complexity of formal organizational structures. Institutional rules
function as myths which organizations incorporate, gaining legitimacy,
resources, stability, and enhanced survival prospects. Organizations
whose structures become isomorphic with the myths of the institu-
tional environment-in contrast with those primarily structured by
the demands of technical production and exchange-decrease internal
coordination and control in order to maintain legitimacy. Structures
are decoupled from each other and from ongoing activities. In place of
coordination, inspection, and evaluation, a logic of confidence and
good faith is employed.
Formal organizations are generally understood to be systems of coordinated
and controlled activities that arise when work is embedded in complex
networks of technical relations and boundary-spanning exchanges. But in
modern societies formal organizational structures arise in highly institu-
tionalized contexts. Professions, policies, and programs are created along
with the products and services that they are understood to produce rational-
ly. This permits many new organizations to spring up and forces existing
ones to incorporate new practices and procedures. That is, organizations are
driven to incorporate the prac ...
Herramienta de diagnóstico de organizaciones en un marco de autogestión, que aplica las mismas leyes funcionales que describen la viabilidad de los sistemas biológicos. Jerarquías subsidiarias, autogestión a todos los niveles y adaptación a un entorno que cambia rápidamente, son algunas de sus características. Ha sido utilizado con gran éxito desde su descubrimiento, hecho por Stafford Beer en la década de los '70.
Respond to the below discussion questionsDo the following w.docxcarlstromcurtis
Respond to the below discussion questions:
Do the following when responding:
Read the discussions.
Provide substantive comments by
- contributing new, relevant information from course readings, Web sites, or other sources;
- building on the remarks or questions of others; or
sharing practical examples of key concepts from your professional or personal experiences
- Respond to feedback on your posting and provide feedback to other students on their ideas.
Make sure your writing is
- clear, concise, and organized;
- demonstrates ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; and
- displays accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
Discussion #1
How does systems thinking apply to an organization’s culture, goals, and structures?
First, one of the greatest aspects of our country is the ability to provide opportunity; one of the saddest part of our country is when that opportunity forgets its original mission, serving others. I make these arguments for this post this week because I ask my fellow peers: how does system thinking (ST) create a space that hinders and destroys its’ original goal? Well, let me first begin by examining the recent closure of over sixty-three Sam Club stores in the United States on Friday, January 12, 2018. According to CNBC, “Walmart is taking prudent steps to prepare for the next generation of retail warfare” (Thomas and Wells, 2018). However, what Walmart fails to the report is the number of employees who went to work yesterday and with no warning, lost their jobs! Whose best interest is at heart? The employee or the stakeholders?
Secondly, I would argue that organizational culture produces an organizational climate; in terms of communication, basically, how communication interactions are positively or negatively carried in a culture, they can have an incredible impact on the climate. An organizational climate can be reciprocal and can clearly influence a culture – look again, at Walmart Sam Club store closings. Thus, I posit this question: what does the leader have an ability to execute? Next, how well can they sell that vision?
According to our text, authors, Uhl-Bien, Schermerhorn, and Osborn (2014) elucidate, “one of the most accepted conclusions of scientific research to date is that there is no single best way to handle people and the situations that develop as they work together in organizations” Uhl-Bien., et.al, 2014). Thus, for the staff at Walmart the transformation process was ignored and employees (and yes, some stakeholders) were deeply affected by the lack of transparency executed by ST in a clear and evidently broken system. Sadly, socioeconomic class plays a vital role in a lot of decision making for larger corporations in terms of whom they decided to provide goods and services to consumers.
How are the stakeholders in an organization interconnected and interrelated?
Stakeholders in organization are interconnected and interrelated becaus ...
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Why Is Black History Month Important
A Beam of Light to the Sunshine State In the campus of the college she founded, by the most beautiful beach, humbly and quietly rests a great soul, Mary McLeod Bethune. Many people wonder why Black History Month is so important. Black History Month is not just a name, it is a celebration of innovative Black Americans like Mary McLeod Bethune, who didn t let racial discrimination and discouragement stop her from achieving her dreams against all odds. In 1904, black children in Daytona, Florida received no education, but instead labored tirelessly in the cotton fields. On October 3, with $1.50, and faith in God, the very determined young Mary McLeod opened the Daytona Literary
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Narrative Essay On Dyslexia
There I was, with tears streaming down my face while my classmates eyes followed me out of the classroom. My heart sank to my stomach out of pure embarrassment. Like any sixth grader, all I wanted was to fit in. Because I had faced the struggles of my learning disorder all throughout elementary school, I was used to being pulled out of class. However, this was different. My whole class, my peers, and the people I constantly strived to impress were now aware of my differences. I had dealt with dyslexia my entire life. I had made so much progress, but this experience made the years of hard work seem pointless. I went through so much the extra classes, homework, and tutoring yet, at this moment I felt as though I was a little first grader again,...show more content...Because of my disorder, I never imagined that I would be where I am today. Dyslexia is classified as a learning disability, but I do not view it this way because it was an obstacle that I am proud to say I faced. Despite how hard it was, this disorder taught me that your disabilities do not define you. It showed me that with enough motivation and effort, I could become everything I had always hoped to
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The 10 Steps Of Being A Successful Student
The 10 Steps of Being a Successful Student
By Ronnie Phillips | Submitted On February 11, 2011
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Expert Author Ronnie Phillips
1. Setting Goals Students, who set goals are continuously working toward being successful. These students have something positive to strive for, which keeps them on target for success. Another benefit of setting goals involves teaching the students how to develop a successful plan of action for school, which can be carried over to life. Students should develop a variety of goals both short and long term. To keep the focus the students should write goals down and review their progress on a regular schedule.
2. Managing Time Students are very busy and in order to have success they need to organize their time each day. This can begin by having a planner or calendar that can be used to record all assignments and activities. The planner should be utilized daily, weekly, and monthly. When developing a schedule the students first priority is having enough time to study each day. School related business is also a high priority on the planner. In addition to the planner, the student can use a to do list of all activities
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Personal Goals
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Academic Cheating Analysis
An act of academic dishonesty triggers a ripple effect in which there are a variety of people who are impacted by the decision of a single individual. Cheating occurs when an individual acts in a way to gain an unfair advantage (Lehnert, 2017). In 2013 the reputation of Harvard was questioned when approximately 70 students were forced to leave the institution because of academic dishonesty (Pérez Peña, 2013). This particular incident, ...has given a black eye to one of the world s great educational institutions (Pérez Peña, 2013). Despite the reputation of the university, around 17 students are forced to leave because of academic dishonesty each year (Pérez Peña, 2013). With cheating occurring more frequently, the debate over where responsibility should be placed continues throughout educational institutions.
When an individual decides to engage in cheating, they are consciously making a decision that will not only impact themselves, but the class as a whole, the professors, the university, and businesses or investors. By cheating, the integrity and reputation of the professor along with the teaching assistants becomes questionable. It also impacts the reputation of the university as a whole, especially because Harvard is a well known, prestigious institution respected for its level of academic programs. An incident like this goes on to impact businesses with partnerships or individuals who invest in Harvard. The reputation of the brand comes into question because
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Andrew Carnegie Biography Essay
Andrew Carnegie, born November 25, 1835 in Dunfermline, Scotland, was the owner of Carnegie Steel Corporation; one of the biggest of its kind in the world. Carnegie moved to the United States at the age of twelve with his parents after his father, a handloom weaver, was gradually replaced with power looms. Carnegie was from a poor family and could not afford an education, but he always had access to books and through reading was able to educate himself, at least a little. Once in America he worked in one of the many factories in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, making $1.20 a week. After that he managed to find a job as a telegraph messenger. He taught himself how to send the telegraph messages and eventually became a telegraph operator at the age of seventeen. Through his life he learned two different things from his parents. His father believed in helping the less fortunate, from his mother he learned to put himself before anyone else....show more content...He also bought stock in an oil company, and a company that made railroad sleeping cars. In 1865 he left the railroad company to start his business. By 1872 Carnegie was traveling to sell bonds to European investors, and in this time he realized that steel would increase in demand in the coming years and decided to enter into the steel industry. With his partners, their steel mill became the most modern of its time. In 1873 to 1879 though there was a business recession in U.S. By 1880 Carnegie managed to keep his business aloft and it once again thrived as steel came into demand. His steel company earned millions in revenue. By 1892 he combined three of his companies and created the Carnegie St
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Descriptive Essay About Walking
Walking is something that you learn at a young age and you don t remember anything about it. You also take it for granted. I on the other hand have learned it three times now and can tell you every detail about the entire process. I am one of the very few people that don t overlook it like it s something that isn t a big deal. Learning to walk is a blessing, but a difficult task. At the age of twelve is was granted the opportunity to play basketball all summer. I was playing at the SIU arena. Walking into the gym and looking at how high the ceiling was and how open the floor was made me feel even smaller than I was. The girls on the team were talking about how big the floor looked, and kept asking coach if it was bigger than our floor but...show more content...I thought that I would be able to do that with no problem, that was shortly lived. I worked two hours for four days a week on just that task, I d come out and my shirt looked like it was raining in there from all the sweat. The start of my second week we were working on just pointing my toes with the slight moving of my ankle. The pain that this caused I would cry, scream and get frustrated because I couldn t do something that simple either. I eventually got to where I could do it the middle of week four so then we worked on pulling my foot towards me which was again painful and a week and a half long process. Finally I could do all the little tasks without a problem! My therapist told me to stand, I told him I couldn t so he eased my mind and told me he d help me. With his assistance he took most of my weight and I stood up, I thought I was doing something great so he let go and I fell. I don t k
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Sonnet Analysis Essay
What s the first thought that pops in to your mind when you think of love, is it flowers, chocolates and teddy bears or maybe a romantic sonnet?
The cliché of these superficial representations have been around for years and continue to plague our society today. But are the traditional roses on
Valentine s Day and anniversaries really a good signification of true love or would you prefer a unique and realistic approach? Good morning/ good afternoon Mr. Day and classmates, today I will be comparing two sonnets. These sonnets deal with the issue of ideal and unconventional love
, however they do so in exceedingly different ways.
Sonnet 90 by Francesco Petrarca is a representation of a...show more content...For example
, her way of moving was no mortal thing, but of angelic form .
Petrarch s
Sonnet is an expression of his love for his mistress; he describes her as attractive and sublime. This love may be seen as superficial.
Another renowned poet and playwright of Elizabethan times was William Shakespeare. Shakespeare s one hundred thirtieth sonnet introduced a new era of sonnets. Far more different from traditional sonnets of the 1600 s, Sonnet 130 has also been recognized as Anti Petrachian . In comparison
Sonnet 130 by William Shakespeare has the same discourse but instead of being cliché, mocks the courtly sonnets in his realistic portrayal of his mistress. He deals with the discourse of love and he does so in a way to bring to light the superficial clichés that had been held so highly. (show poem)
Shakespeare concentrates on his mistress s physical imperfections by portraying to the reader that his woman in not attractive. The reader can draw pow
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What Are The Pros And Cons Of Affirmative Action
Affirmative action is a law, policy and action for those who tend to suffer discrimination and promote equal opportunity. Also affirmative action is associated to positive discrimination for example race, gender, and/or disabilities. Provides more opportunities and increases diversity in people. Affirmative action helps people with different gender to find jobs, to find schools or to participate in political life. This act helps a lot of people when they are looking for employment or if they are employees, who the treat them because of race, creed, color, or national origin. In an action that insures the diversity that is obtained and maintained in schools and in the workplace.
Some pros for affirmative action are: Affirmative action ensures representation of minorities and disadvantaged groups in positions of authority. These representatives can function as inspiring role...show more content...Sometimes people that fulfill the basic criteria for a job or a vacancy in a university may not be accepted (as in the aforementioned Bakke case). These policies may increase racial or ethnic tensions. The members of a group may develop a negative attitude towards a minority if they perceive that due to positive discrimination they are being excluded or see their chances of getting some jobs or positions limited. Positive discrimination can be very difficult to apply in societies where ethnic divides are not very clear and people often have mixed backgrounds. Sometimes it is argued that these policies or laws serve to reinforce the separation and division among different groups. In some countries it is even illegal to classify people according to
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The Kite Runner Redemption Quotes
Redemption can lead people to make decisions that can affect people around them. Amir tries
to redeem his wrongs by taking care of Hassan s son. Redemption can clear your mind for the
things you have done. Amir saw his best friend gets raped by Assef (one of the bullies in this
novel). He later finds out Hassan is his half brother from Baba when he is about to die.
Amir has to redeem his reputation so he has to go on a adventure to Kabul. He finds out
Hassan is dead and he had a son named Sohrab and he was in a orphanage but he was taken
by Assef. He finds Sohrab and gets beaten up by Assef and Sohrab shoots his slingshot at
Assef s eye. (Hosseini 291). So Amir goes to find Sohrab and takes him home to American.
Amir father in law ask Why is a Hazara boy living with my daughter That Hazara boy...show more content...He couldn t stand up for Hassan when they were
young. When he turned older he became wiser and had to go look for Sohrab and take care of
him. He had to gain responsibilities he took action into his own hands and redeem himself by a
little and try to cure his past.
There are many other ways that Amir redeemed his past. But the most memorable moment
was also the part when Amir repeats what Hassan told them when they were younger. Do you
want me to run that kite for you ... For you a thousand times over (Hosseini 371). He repeated
to Sohrab and thought about Hassan and that redeem his bond with Hassan and he cured his
mind.
In this novel Redemption affected the people around Amir from Hassan to Sohrab. The reason
why I chosed Redemption is that it plays a big role in every single character. Amir re
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The Definition Of Self Identity
Self identity is what defines a person. Be it physically, emotionally, or psychologically, it is what one decides to put out and show to the world. Psychotherapist Leslie Bell connects self identity with the concept of splitting. Splitting is, ...a tendency to think in either/or patterns and to insist that one cannot feel two seemingly contradictory desires at once (Bell 28). She weaves this phenomenon into the stories of three distinct women. In addition, Bell argues that splitting eliminates a woman s possibilities of living a truly free and liberated life. She insinuates that splitting is a contributing factor when it comes to one s self identity; however, it has no role in determining this aspect of a person. What truly contributes to a person s self identity is their past and outside influences, not the phenomenon known as splitting. The first woman Bell mentioned in her study, Claudia, frequently hooked up with men but felt regret and worry about what people around her thought about her actions. Claudia is a successful postdoctoral researcher, and has no significant reason to feel hesitant when it comes to the topic of sexuality. It is more a matter of what others think about her, and her religious Catholic family. Not only that, Claudia s mother s loss of her true self due to being with her father left a lasting impression on Claudia s view of what a relationship is. Imagine seeing the figurative death of a person before one s eyes, of course it leaves a
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Reflection Paper On Theatre
Meta Thinking
Why do you do theatre? I remember somebody asked me this question last year when I first declared my theatre minor. I gave them the same sentiment that I repeated during the beginning of the semester, Performing scares me, but there is no other place where I can get that same feeling... . Throughout the semester, my answer has grown in multiple ways. I feel like I can better define that feeling in theatrical terms, especially why the process of creating theatre feels fun. Throughout the semester i ve grown to understand how to make my theatre feel more authentic, and hopefully how to make good theatre. When we began focusing on different theatrical terms ( tempo, duration, authenticity, point, unity, harmony, and etc) it felt like we were wasting our time by focusing on understanding these terms. The class seemed to understand what each term meant already, and there was no need to use them. At the beginning of the semester it felt that we didn t need to spend so much time on defining a vocabulary but I remember during the critiques each person had a chance to mention what they liked about each piece and I knew exactly what each person liked, hated, and thought should be changed. They mentioned certain key terms and I understood exactly what dimensions they were referring to. I had completely understood them and without them mentioning those terms their input could ve been misinterpreted. While working on the scenery project, I went for a practical approach
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Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Structure And Agency Essay
1. Structure and Agency Essay
Structure and agency are two theoretical terms used to explain the capacity at which we as people are able to be individuals, and to what extent those
influences limit our individuality. Structure refers to the ways in which a society is organized. Agency refers to the behaviors and actions of the
individuals within the social structure. Agency is limited by the structure due to cultural barriers and inequalities within the structure. In this essay, I
will present an overview of why critical theorists are concerned with those inequalities, and I will further identify the problems within the system
contributing to the unequal access to the public sphere, relating specifically to class and gender inequalities. Society is highly...show more content...
As Habermas puts it "the relationship of the individual to the state has increasingly become one of client or consumer services, rather than citizen"
(Roberts & Crossley, 5). Due to the limited agency (citizens' roles) within this sphere, we can conclude that the ongoing competition and negotiation
for a role in the public sphere ends with strictly dominant views. In such a monarchy, ordinary citizens such as lower classes and women have limited
input when debating politics among other things. The ideal of a place where all opinions are counted, so to speak, fails to provide a sense of
individual identity. This is due to the fact that it is pre–destined by the state itself and then turned back to the people– telling them what they will think
about particular issues; shown especially through the controlling lens of the media. According to Marx, those who have power over society exert their
control as a result of economic power and therefore determine the dominant ideologies within the superstructure model. Being the greater economical
and cultural barrier, the structure provides the social world with norms, rules and beliefs pertaining to age, gender, class and one's cultural identity.
Within that structure it becomes apparent that inequalities restrict your agency in terms of nationality, geographical location, class etc. In agreement
with Marx, the dominant views are generally the views of the superior class; the elite. One example
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2. Plant Structure and Function Essay
Plant structure and function
Aug. 4, 2005
Summary
In the lab exercise regarding plant structure and function, we examined slides containing the different kinds of roots (monocot, dicot). We labeled the
parts and pointed out the different roles of each in the plant structure. Also, we examined monocot stems and dicot stems in order to familiarize
ourselves with its external and internal structures. We sketched and labeled the parts of the stem and looked closely at the positions of each part. In
the last part of the lab, we classified leaves into different kinds according to their leaf venation, bases of leaves, and apices of leaves. As an additional
exercise, we sketched 20 animals and classified them according to phylum and...show more content...
The stem is one of the most vital parts of a plant. It holds almost all the major parts of a plant; the leaves, nodes, and buds. Roots are also attached to
the stem and water passes through it. The basic functions of a plant would not proceed without the presence of the stem, which also houses the
vascular bundle. The purpose of the experiment is for the students to be able to point out the location of the vascular bundles and its parts, and also to
be able to deduce their primary function in a plant structure. By also differentiating the monocot stem from a dicot stem, the students should be able to
differentiate the unique functions of a monocot stem from a dicot stem, and also be able to discover each kind's unique characteristics. Also, in the
dicot stem, the students should be able to notice the difference in a growing dicot stem and gain a fuller understanding of how large plants (such as
trees) mature from a small herbaceous plant.
The leaf is the flattened lateral outgrowth of the stem. In a way, it is a form of extension of the stem. The leaf is usually the structure for getting
sunlight for photosynthesis and also for getting carbon dioxide. These 2 raw materials are needed for Photosynthesis. Transpiration or the loss of
water also occurs in the leaves in order for the plant to be stable. The leaf also has a vascular bundle like the stem and roots, but differ in its
arrangement. Leaves can be classified in
5. Organizational Structure Essay examples
{text:bookmark–start} Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL {text:bookmark–end} STRUCTURE Organizational Structure Romanoff, T. Axia College
of University of Phoenix MGT 330 Management: Theory, Practice and Application Peter Espeut October 26, 2009 Organizational Structure Planning
and organization are crucial for an organization to achieve maximum effectiveness and success. Microsoft Company, for instance, has an organizational
structure consisting of board of directors who include Steve Ballmer as chief executive officer (CEO), senior leaders, executives, and technical
leaders. Founded in 1975, Microsoft has grown today into a worldwide leader in software and services (Microsoft, 2009). The organizational structure
of...show more content...
Division of labor is a part of differentiation, which divides jobs into smaller tasks and when an employee performs a specific task, it is known as
specialization. In some cases, companies divide organizational functions into divisional structure, which contain all the necessary resources required to
function. For example, a software company might have a division for home software and a division for business software both providing development
and support. Microsoft is the largest software company in the world that offers services for home and business. The company also provides
entertainment through video games for Xbox and music for Zune. In the case of Microsoft (2009) there are many different positions within the
company from Business Services & Administration to Software Engineering: User Experience and has locations throughout the world. Since
Microsoft's main function is to develop software, it would stand to reason that the largest department within the company pertains to information
technology with many specialized departments from development to support. Microsoft has many divisions within the company that include home
software and business software and provide development and support. The function of the human resources department is to organize the employees
based on their qualifications. The finance department's function is the flow of cash from accounts receivable to payroll. Microsoft is known
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6. The Structure Of An Organization Essay
STRUCTURE
The structure of an organization, along with its policies and procedures, has a direct impact on how an organization operates and how well it will
perform. The structure of an organization describes how a company is organized. This may include roles, responsibilities, authority chains and
relationships. Facilities Management is headed by Vice President Kevin Freeman under the immediate direction of Assistant Vice President Mark
Rodolf. The management team of Facilities Management includes the Assistant Vice President, the Physical Plant Director and Assistant Director, an
Assistant Director of Facilities Operations, and the Director of Architectural and Engineering Services. The management group is solely responsible for
deriving, articulating, communicating and implementing the vision and direction of Facilities Management. Three separate divisions comprise
Facilities Management: Architectural and Engineering Services, the Physical Plant, and the business team. Figure 2 represents the Facilities
Management organizational chart as of November 2016.
Architectural and Engineering Services is a sole entity that employs eight team members. The Physical Plant is made up of seven different shops:
carpentry, electrical, landscaping/turf management, motor pool, paint, plumbing and recycling/setup. The business team includes material supply,
campus mail, inventory and receiving, as well as the finance team.
The structure of Facilities is four levels deep. A
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7. Livanage, Champika, Egbu, and Charles (2005) states that "Donabedian (1980) cited in Long and Harrison (1985) argues that the evaluation of the
quality of health service involves the functional relationship of structure inputs, process, and outcomes." They also stated that the characteristics of
structure can potentially affect the care process ultimately affecting the care outcome. In this article it they also revealed that the relationship between
structure, process and outcome that quality can't be achieved by one domain but all of them play a major role in healthcare quality (2005). According
to Shi and Singh (2015) structure, process and outcomes are closely linked as stated earlier. In order to have a good process the structure must
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8. Introduction
The influence of factors on organizational structure and their impact on the organization has been in focus by researchers since many years. This paper
reviews the literature and analyses the factors that influence the structure and design of organizations. Organizational structures are mainly grouped as
functional and divisional structures on the basis of functions or jobs. The most important and powerful tool for enhancing performance in an
organization is the organizational design although there is no perfect or unique design. Organizational change occurs when a company makes a shift
from its present state to a desired state, which is necessary in today's competitive environment.
Organizational Structure
Organizational structure is the network of job...show more content...
The factors that contribute to development of an organization include its size, technology human resources, production program and environmental
requirements. The role of political environment is also stressed. For effective and also efficient utilization of resources, designing an ideal
organizational structure is important. Some of the factors that affect the organizational structure are decentralization of decision making, customer
interaction, value of innovation and marketing considerations. They can be grouped into two factors: internal that was from environment under the
firm's control and external, that were not under the control of the firm. Today, companies require undergoing changes almost constantly to remain
competitive. Globalization of markets and rapidly growing technology force organizations to respond in order to survive. The ultimate competitive
organizational structure should be a flexible one and the design should influence competitive strengths. The best practice would be one that draws upon
the knowledge, experience and expertise of people in the
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9. Foundations of Organizational Structure
FOUNDATIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Overview
No other topic in management has undergone as much change in the past few years as that of organizing and organizational structure. Traditional
approaches to organizing work are being questioned and re–evaluated as managers search out structural designs that will best support and facilitate
employees' doing the organization's work–ones that can achieve efficiency but also have the flexibility that's necessary for success in today's dynamic
environment. Recall that organizing is defined as the process of creating an organization's structure. That process is important and serves many
purposes. The challenge for managers is to design an organizational structure that allows employees to...show more content...
Mechanistic types of organizational structures tend to be efficiency machines, well oiled by rules, regulations, standardized tasks, and similar controls.
This organizational design tries to minimize the impact of differing personalities, judgments, and ambiguity because these human traits are seen as
inefficient and inconsistent.
Although no pure form of a mechanistic organization exists in reality, almost all large corporations and governmental agencies have at least some of
these mechanistic characteristics.
In direct contrast to the mechanistic form of organization is the organic organization, which is as highly adaptive and flexible, a structure as the
mechanistic organization is rigid and stable. Rather than having standardized jobs and regulations, the organic organization is flexible, which allows it
to change rapidly as needs require. Organic organizations have division of labor, but the jobs people do are not standardized. Employees are highly
trained and empowered to handle diverse job activities and problems, and these organizations frequently use employee teams. Employees in
organic–type organizations require minimal formal rules and little direct supervision. Their high levels of skills and training and the support provided
by other team members make formalization and tight managerial controls unnecessary.
When is a mechanistic structure preferable and when is an organic one more appropriate? Let's look at the key contingency factors that influence the
11. Family Structure Essay
A family is made up of two or more people, related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing in the same home. Society's definition of 'family' is
expanding and includes single parents, blended families, unrelated individuals living cooperatively, and homosexual couples, among others.
Unfortunately, family guidelines have been slow to catch up to changing trends in modern lifestyles (Crawford, 1999).
The complex family, or a family structure involving more than two adults, was prevalent before the industrial revolution. The primary component in
traditional society was the group, not the individual. Individuals functioned as part of groups in such a way that their lives were greatly influenced by
the group even more so than by...show more content...
China's ongoing economic revolution has had a profound impact not only on China but on the world. The market oriented reforms China has
implemented over the past two decades have made way for individual inventiveness and entrepreneurship. The result has been the largest decline of
poverty and one of the fastest increases in income levels ever recorded. China today is the third largest economy in the world, and is projected to pass
Japan to become second largest by the end of 2010 (Hamlin, 2010). It has sustained average economic growth of over 9.5% for the past 26 years
(Department of State, 2010). In 2009 its $4.814 trillion economy was about one third the size of the U.S. economy (Department of State, 2010). U.S.
exporters maintain concerns about protection of intellectual property rights, fair market admittance due to strict testing and standards requirements for
some imported products, and policies appearing to pursue import replacement. In addition, a lack of simplicity in the regulatory process complicates the
process for businesses to plan changes in the domestic market structure.
One of the severe harmful consequences of China's rapid industrial development has been increased pollution and deprivation of natural resources.
China surpassed the U.S. as the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide in 2007 (Harrabin, 2008). Almost all of the nation's rivers are considered
polluted to
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12. Essay on Business Structure
Sole Proprietorship A business with one owner who is responsible for all features of the business. Everything that happens in the company from the
daily operation to the legal obligations are controlled by one individual. Sole Proprietorship Advantages: Convenience – Usually the least costly to
begin. Sole proprietorships are easy to start up. They entail acquiring the proper licenses and permits. Regulations very from industry, state, and county.
There is no administrative configuration. Control– Owners are permitted to organize the company in the way they prefer. All choices about how the
business will operate are made by the owner. The owner has the choice of hiring someone to run the company or doing it themselves....show more
content...
In some states the partnership can continue if it is provided for in the partnership agreement. An example would be the other partners buying out the
share of the partner leaving. The reason for this is to protect creditors, and maintain liability for the debts of the establishment Control – Issues with
partners may arise as the resulting from misunderstandings or different goals, putting an end to the partnership. Burden– Formation and subsequent
changes in structure are complex. Limited to a small number of owners. Each partner is legally responsible for the actions of each partner. Unless you
can prove in a court of law that you did not participate, knowingly or unknowingly, in illegal activities you could be forced to pay fines, penalties or
even serve jail time. Limited partnership Like a partnership a limited partnership has two or more owners. Unlike a general partnership a partnership
agreement is required. The partnership agreement stipulates which partner has what responsibility and which ones have what authority. Advantages
Liability – Limited partnerships have both general and limited partners. A limited partner has little accountability for the debts incurred by the
partnership. At most the limited partner can only lose the amount they have invested, and cannot run the business Income taxes – Partnerships do not
having to pay both a personal and a business tax. The
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13. Essay On Business Structure
When brainstorming to start a business, it is essential to research the most efficient way to start a company and all the liabilities that can happen.
Business can become successful with the right person in place and a unique idea. When making a company, it is crucial to determine the structure,
which organization to start with and the liability that is involved. When taking a closer look at five different company structures Sole Proprietorship,
General Partnership, Limited Partnership, S/C Corporation, and Limited Liability. Which have not honored the contract and are at risk for legal
actions. The various liabilities between each owner will be discussed. Which will analyze ways to limit liability and display my future business...show
more content...
Now, A partnership is formed between two individuals and the agreement should be in a contract form or writing. The next two types that are
discussed are general partnership and limited partnership. Silverbrand (2008) stated Partnerships are the primary form of business which larger
companies begin (p.167). Partnerships are simple to start, no required registration only within certain states, and can end quite rapidly. A general
partnership is where each partner is equal to liability or any litigation consequences. In a limited partnership, the liability is limited equal to the amount
the limited partners at first invested. In fact, sometimes limited partners do not make business decisions but, own stock within the company. Basically,
an LLC, with its hybrid nature, "provides owners...with the limited liability protection of a corporation, but without the potential for double taxation"
(Jordan & Clark, 1197). The income created from a general partnership of a business is taxed as income earned by the person working for a different
company. When starting a partnership it is best to discuss the amount of liability that each partner is responsible for. Which, will help when looking at
the type of litigation described.
The most recognized companies are Corporations and LLC's. According to Sonderquist (2000) Corporations are similar to limited partnerships
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14. The Structure Of A Building
Introduction
In several aspects, the structure of a building is vulnerable to failure during the construction phase. Since buildings are made by humans, using their
knowledge, failures are always probable to happen. These failures may be caused by a single error or a combination of errors. However, the probability
of failure should be predicted and solved by an Engineer of Record during the design of this building.
Any fail during the construction phase may not involve a construction error. It may be the product of an error made during design. As engineers, they
are responsible to observe the construction as a complete unit, with all the elements interacting to resist the loads. Failing to consider a load or
combination of loads, connection details and calculation errors are the main cause of accidents, according to Kenneth (1987). Besides loading, the
engineer of record is also responsible for developing and supervising the construction sequence.
Moreover, according to the code of ethics of ASCE (2010), all engineers need to recognize their responsibility with the general public, and make their
judgments and decisions about structures, machines and products thinking in their client and target public with the view to avoid collapses during the
construction.
Research studies have concluded that the design aspect of projects has contributed to increase accidents in the construction. Studies also have proved
that besides any calculation, responsible considerations in the
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15. Structure Of A Work Breakdown Structure Essay
Work Breakdown Structure
Name
Institution
Work Breakdown Structure
Importance of A WBS and How the WBS It May Contribute To the Success of the Project
A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) refers to the breakdown of all the tasks that are vital to ensure a successful completion of a project. Notably, a
work breakdown structure is normally organized in a hierarch. In addition, it is designed to give room for clear as well as logical assemblages, either
with regard to undertakings or deliverables (Haughey, 2014). It is a general principle that the WBS should be a representation the activities
acknowledged in the sanctioned Project Scope. Further, the structure acts as a statement as well as an early groundwork for effective development of
the schedule as and estimation of cost. Normally, the project manager develops a WBS as a predecessor to an oncoming project schedule that contains
more details (Martin, 2010).
A work breakdown structure is a key undertaking deliverable that composes the work done by a team into reasonable areas. The Project Management
Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) characterizes the work breakdown structure as a deliverable arranged progressive decomposition of the work to be
executed by the venture group. A work breakdown structure component might be a product, information, administration, or any mix thereof.
Additionally, an effective work breakdown structure gives the essential structure to cost evaluation and control alongside giving
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16. Hospital's Organizational Structure Hospitals have organizational structures that allows them to carry out their duties efficiently and successfully. What
separates the organizational structure of a healthcare organization from a business, essentially that the hospital 's organization is chiefly founded on the
amalgamation of medical and administrative staff (Carayon, et al., 2014). The organizational structure of the twenty–first century solutions in health
care hospitals involves, both divisional and hierarchical structure. In the of the chain of command hierarchy, there are various levels of professional's
that fall under other levels within the facility, and each staff member is organized in regards to departments that are related to their (KSA's) skills,
attributes and job duties (Carayon, et al., 2014). Hospital organization philosophies is based on development of values and ethics, with the
understanding on moral principles relating to human conduct. These systems are comprised with the processes in decision making and determining the
best actions to consider between the difficult alternatives when pertaining to patient care. Administrative staff remains at the top– level of the
organizational structure, formulated of individual's that have ownership (stakeholders) with the functions of operations in the healthcare facility. These
important individuals are accountable for the enforcement on policies and regulations, with ensuring the implementation for public
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17. Lewis Structure
Drawing a Lewis Structure
Lewis structure is the structure of a molecule in which dots are used to show the electron position around the atoms that make up the molecule.
In order to produce the Lewis structure of a molecule, there are certain steps one needs to follow (they are five (5) in number). Basically what I will
do is to use the molecule methane (CH4) as example to show you how to draw the Lewis structure of any molecule.
First Step
In order to produce the Lewis structure of methane, the first step is to count and determine the total valence electron present in methane (or any
molecule of interest). Methane is made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms (CH4). The valence of carbon is 4 and that of hydrogen is 1. Since we have
four...show more content...
Checking the octet rule means counting the number of pair electrons around carbon to know if they are up to eight. If yes, it means that we have our
final Lewis structure. If no, it takes is to step five. Looking at the second figure above, the octet rule is satisfied. This means that the final Lewis
structure of methane is:
Fifth Step
If octet rule is not satisfied, and more electrons remain to be shared, move one electron per bond per atom to make another bond. An example is given
below for CO2 molecule:
(Source: http://www.chem.ucla.edu/harding/lewisdots.html)
Isomer Questions
Isomers in organic chemistry are compounds that have the same molecular formula but with different structural formulas.
(1) Pentane is isomer. Its molecular formula is: C5H12. Other compounds that have this same molecular formula are: 2–methylbutane and
2,2–dimethylpropane. These three compounds have different structural formulas (see below):
(2) 2–methylbutane is an isomer. See above, it is an isomer of Pentane.
(3) 2,3–dimethylbutane is an isomer of hexane. Their molecular formula is: C6H14. Their structural formulas are shown below:
CH3(CH2)4CH3 for hexane and CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH3 for 2,3–dimethylbutane.
(4) 2,2–dimethylpropane is an isomer of pentane. See above.
18. (5) 1–hexene is also an isomer. For further information consult the following site: http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=R97406
| |
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19. Mg/561 Organizational Structure
Date: January 18, 2013
To: MG 561 Class
From: Jessica Rushing
Subject: "Organizational Structure"
Introduction:
Organizational structure provides the framework of an organization determining how roles and responsibilities are delegated throughout the different
levels of the organization. It has been defined by some as the looking glass through which coworkers see their organization and its surrounding
environment while others have described structure as the backbone of the organization. In this memo, I will briefly discuss the importance of
organizational structure, give examples of some major organizational structures, and provide factors influencing the choice of organizational structure.
Importance of Organizational...show more content...
For organizations which produce standardized goods and services, a functional service is beneficial. Within this structure, employees perform very
specialized tasks (Naoum, 2001). For example, an engineering department would be staffed with only software engineers. Divisional structures, also
known as product structures, groups each function into a division. Automobile industries typically use this divisional structure. Within this industry,
divisions may include: SUVs, subcompact cars, and sedans. Although not discussed in detail in this memo, other organizational structures include:
organizational circle, team, network, lattice, and virtual ("Organizational Structure", 2013).
Factors influencing the choice of Organizational Structure
The following factors can affect the type of structure which an organization may use: strategy, characteristics, management, operation, and environment.
Strategy is the most important factor influencing type of structure. According to Phillips and Gulley in their book Organizational Behavior: Tools for
20. Success, higher performance will be achieved if structure and strategy are directly related). Organizational characteristics include the age and size of the
organization. If the organization is small, there is less need for formal structure as communication
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21. My Family Structure
I grew up in a nuclear family. There are four people in my family, consists of my father, mother, my sister and me. My father is 62 years old. He's
working as a insurance agent. My mother is 10 years younger than my father. She used to work as a store manager before she gave birth to me. She
quitted her job in order to take care of me and my sister because she believes that the mother daughter bond can grow stronger day by day by
spending time with us. My sisters and I are four years apart. She is currently studying in Tsun Jin Independent School. Even though we fought a lot
growing, got mad at each other, but she is still my one and only sister and that's all that matters. I think is normal for siblings to fight despite the age
difference...show more content...
I am also aware of my role as a student, studying and doing the best I can to score in my exams so that in the future I may provide a higher living
standard to my family. For my sister, apart from also being a student like myself, she basically carries the role of the helper at home. Unlike myself,
she spends a lot of time at home with mom while I'm out doing assignments and juggling college life. By spending a lot of time at home, she spends
more time with my mom, helping her with house chores. With all these roles, comes rules as well, my parents have always given my sister and I
curfews. It is understandable because of all the crime rates shooting sky high these days, our parents just wants us to be safe. Another important rule
set by my parents is that all family members must have dinner together. This is so that all of us can have our bonding time as a family. Communication
is the knot that ties it all and it is no doubt the most important thing needed in any kind of relationship. For my family, the communication methods that
we practice are pretty much very decent. My parents, after years and years of being together, they can understand each other very well. They can
understand each other without even saying a word, just a face expression would do. My parents communicate differently as compared to when they
communicate with my sister and myself. This is because of the hieratical
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22. Structures of Proteins Essay
Proteins are polymeric chains that are built from monomers called amino acids. All structural and functional properties of proteins derive from the
chemical properties of the polypeptide chain. There are four levels of protein structural organization: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
Primary structure is defined as the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The secondary structure refers to certain regular geometric
figures of the chain. Tertiary structure results from long–range contacts within the chain. The quaternary structure is the organization of protein
subunits, or two or more independent polypeptide chains. The primary structure of a protein is simply the sequence of amino acids. The structure or
...show more content...
There may also be sections where the secondary structure is neither helix nor sheet. Then the structure is called a random structure, indicating that it
folds in random directions. The amino acids in an alpha helix are arranged in a right–handed helical structure resembling a spring. The alpha helix is
the most common form of regular secondary structure in proteins. The beta–sheet is the second form of regular secondary structure in proteins
consisting of beta strands connected laterally by three or more hydrogen bonds, forming a generally twisted, pleated sheet. The beta–sheet is sometimes
called the beta pleated sheet since sequential neighboring atoms are alternately above and below the plane of the sheet giving a pleated appearance.
Turns are the third of the three "classical" secondary structures that serve to reverse the direction of the polypeptide chain. They are located primarily
on the protein surface and accordingly contain polar and charged residues. However, they are not very common in discussions of protein structure today.
The tertiary structure of a protein molecule, or of a subunit of a protein molecule, is the arrangement of all its atoms in space, without regard to its
relationship with neighboring molecules or subunits. Tertiary structure is simply the grouping of different separate secondary structures, such as
multiple helices or multiple sheets or a combination of helices and sheets.
The final structure of the protein is the quaternary
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23. Example of a Well Structured Essay
Example of a well structured essay. The content isn't that exiting and the conclusion is quite weak, but there are many good points to make on the
way the essay is structured and the way the information is put across. All my comments are highlighted thus. A good introduction. Does the job of
clearly defining the topic covered in the essay and the specific aspects which will be discussed. See in particular last sentence of introduction. ( We
will be looking at the structure of introductions more specifically in another class. ) Grabs reader's attention by including stats and a quote. If you
suffer from shyness, you are not alone, for shyness is a universal phenomenon. According to recent research, "close to 50 percent of...show more
content...
Researchers Henderson and Zimbardo argue that one explanation of the cultural difference between Japanese and Israelis lies in the way each culture
deals with attributing credit for success and blame for failure. (2005, p. 20). "In Japan, an individual's performance success is credited externally to
parents, grandparents, teachers and others, while failure is entirely blamed on the person. Therefore the Japanese learn not to take risks in public and
rely instead on group–shared decisions." (Henderson and Zimbardo, 2005, p.22). In Israel, the situation is entirely reversed according to Henderson
and Zimbardo. "Failure is externally attributed to parents, teachers, friends and other sources, while all performance success is credited to the
individual's enterprise" (2005, p.22). The consequence is that Israelis are free to take risks since there is nothing to lose by trying and everything to
gain.(2005). Paragraph 5 Covers 3rd environmental cause In addition to family and culture, technology may play a role as well. In the United States,
the number of young people who report being shy, has risen from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years (Payne, 2005). The rising number of shy
young people may be "due in part to the growing dependence on non–human forms of communication, coming about as a result of our huge advances in
technology" (Payne, 2005, p.6). Watching television, playing video games and surfing the web have displaced recreational activities that
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