The document discusses strikes, lockouts, and related labor concepts under Philippine law. It notes that both the Constitution and Labor Code guarantee workers' right to strike peacefully and employers' right to declare a lockout for cause. Strikes and lockouts are considered self-help activities used to resolve labor disputes through applying economic pressure. The document provides definitions and classifications of strikes and lockouts, as well as requirements and guidelines regarding their declaration and the roles of different groups like unions and the police during such labor actions.

1. STRIKES AND
LOCKOUTS
Both the Constitution and the Labor Code
guarantee the right of workers to engage in
peaceful concerted activities, including the
right to strike in accordance with law.
The Labor Code also recognizes the right of an
employer to lockout its employees for cause.
Strikes or lockouts are self-help activities or
economic actions, i.e., the infliction of an
economic pain to a party to help resolve a
labor dispute.
Prepared by: Ancel G. Lopez
Prepared for: Ma’am Castillo
Westmead International School

2. Q: What is a strike?
• A: A strike is a group or
joint action by workers
to temporarily stop
works because of a
dispute with their
employers over
wages, hours of
work, and other terms
and conditions of
employment, or the
representation status of
a union for the purpose
of collective bargaining.

3. Q: What is a lockout?
• A: A lockout is an action
by an employer to
temporarily refuse to
furnish work because of
a dispute with the
workers over
wages, hours of
work, and other terms
and conditions of
employment, or the
representative status of
a union for the purpose
of collective bargaining.

4. Q: Who can declare a strike?
• A: Only labor certified or
registered with the DOLE
and duly recognized by an
employer as a bargaining
representative can engage
in an economic strike or
unfair labor strike.
• Where there is no certified
or duly registered with the
DOLE can declare a strike
and only on the ground of
unfair labor practice.

5. Q: Who can declare a lockout?
• A: An employer
can declare an
economic lockout
or unfair labor
practice lockout.

6. Q: How is a strike or lockout classified?
• A: ECONOMIC STRIKE
– is a joint act of workers to force a concession
which the law does not compel an employer
to give.
• UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE STRIKE (lockout)
– is declared when the cause of the action is an
alleged act of unfair labor practice by an
employer.

7. Q: What are the requirements for a strike
or lock out as an industrial action?
• 1. Filing of a Notice of an Intent to strike with the Bureau
of Labor Relations or the National Conciliation and
Mediation Board (NCMB);
• 2. taking the vote of the workers or Board of Directors to
undertake the action;
• 3. reporting the results of the strike votes;
• 4. Observing the cooling-off period – fifteen (15) days for
unfair labor practice strike or lockouts, and thirty (30) days
for economic strikes and lockouts; and
• 5. observing the seven (7)-day strike ban period.

8. Q: Does strike or lockout terminate the
employment of a worker?
• A: NO, a strike or a
lockout is only
temporary in
duration, i.e as long as
the dispute between
the employer and
workers is not resolved.
After the causes of
strike or lockout are
resolved, the workers
return to work.

9. Q: When is a strike or lockout illegal?
• A: if the purpose or cause is neither economic
nor unfair labor practice, and/or unlawful means
are used by either the employer or the union
during or on the occasion of the strike or lockout,
i.e., the use of force, violence or coercion. This is
called the purpose and means tests.
• The Constitution recognizes the right of workers
to strike only if the action is peaceful and in
accordance with the procedure set by law.
[Constitution, ART. XIII, Sec. 3]

10. Q: What is the liability of a union
officer when a strike is illegal?
• A: A union officer who knowingly participates
in an illegal strike, or in the commission of
illegal acts or authorizes the acts during the
strike may be terminated from employment.
• The mere participation of a worker in an
unlawful strike is not ground for termination
of employment even when the arrested
worker has been replaced.

11. PICKETING
•The purpose of picketing is to inform the
workers and the public of the existence of
dispute with an employer over the terms and
conditions of employment and to ask for
sympathy and understanding
• Picketing can take place even absent an EE
relationship between picketers and the
employer
•Picketing cannot be prohibited, but can be
regulated in the interest of other parties and
the public.
•The law recognizes and guarantees only
peaceful picketing, hence in all instances, the
use of violence and coercion is absolutely
prohibited.
•NLRC can regulate picketing either by limiting
the number of participants or the place of
picketing.

12. Q: What is the role of the Philippine National
Police during a strike or picketing activity?
• A: As a general rule, PNP
cannot directly or
indirectly participate in
both
activities, however, they
must take the appropriate
measures to maintain
peace and order, protect
life and property, and to
enforce lawful
order, protect life and
property, and to enforce
lawful orders.

13. Q: What is a Labor Injunction?
• A: A labor injunction is an order issued by the
National Labor Relations Commission
prohibiting either an employer or a
union, from doing some specified acts or to
correct some wrong or injury on the occasion
of a labor dispute between an employer and
a union.

14. MEDIATION, CONCILIATION AND
ARBITRATION
• Conciliation and mediation are
processes to help both employers
and unions to peacefully and
voluntarily settle their dispute.
• Arbitration is a process of
resolving a labor controversy
without the use of strike or
lockout.
• Mediation, conciliation, and
arbitration are the most favored
means, both by the Constitution
and the Labor Code, as mode or
procedure of dispute settlement.

15. Q: What is Conciliation and mediation?
• A: Conciliation and mediation are processes or
aids, either by a government or private
agencies, to help or assist the employer and
union solve peacefully their dispute or
controversy.
• NCMB ( a government agency attached to
DOLE) will assist the parties in resolving their
dispute.

16. Q: What is arbitration as a process of
labor dispute settlement?
• COMPULSORY ARBITRATION – occurs by
automatic operation of law. The employer and
the union must submit their dispute for
resolution to a government agency for a
binding and a final resolution.
• VOLUNTARY ARBITRATION – is a process of
dispute settlement voluntarily agreed upon by
both the employer and the union.

17. References:
Photos: https://www.facebook.com/Artofresistance2012 https://www.facebook.com/pages/SaveCollective-Bargaining https://www.facebook.com/unions4workers
An Introduction to Labor Laws
and Social Legislation by D.P. Disini, Jr.