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Storm Surge Formation
• Storm surge forms when strong winds and low
pressure push seawater toward the coast,
causing sudden flooding.

How Storm Surges Form
• Storm surges occur mainly during strong
typhoons when seawater is forced inland.

Wind Interaction
• Strong winds from a typhoon push water
toward the shore, increasing water level.

Pressure Interaction
• Low atmospheric pressure causes seawater to
rise higher than normal, adding to surge
height.

Sea Floor & Coastal Shape
Influence
• Shallow coasts, bays, and funnel-shaped
shorelines increase the surge height and
reach.

Structure of a Storm Surge
• A storm surge is made up of rising water
levels, strong waves, and inland flooding.

Height, Speed & Reach
• Surge height, speed, and how far it reaches
depend on wind strength, pressure, and
coastal shape.

Storm Surge Intensity Scale
• Storm surge intensity can be classified by
height: Minor (0.5–1m), Moderate (1–3m),
Severe (3–5m), Extreme (5m+).

Factors Affecting Intensity
• Key factors: wind speed, storm size, sea depth,
coastline shape, and timing with high tide.

Movement / Path of Storm Surge
• Storm surges follow the path of the typhoon,
especially near the eye wall where winds are
strongest.

Effects on Coastal Areas
• Flooding, erosion, destruction of structures,
and contamination of water sources.

Effects on People & Livelihood
• Loss of homes, drowning risk, damaged
livelihoods, and displacement of communities.

Preparedness / Mitigation
• Mitigation includes early warning systems,
proper evacuation planning, sea walls, and
mangrove restoration.

What To Do Before a Storm Surge
• Store supplies, secure belongings, know
evacuation routes, and evacuate early.

What To Do During & After
• Move to higher ground, avoid coastlines, wait
for official updates, and return only when
declared safe.

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