stepwise interpretation of ECG ID279 RVH
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This ECG summary is for a 57-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic fever and recent dyspnea and fatigue. The ECG shows normal sinus rhythm, left atrial enlargement, right axis deviation, and right ventricular hypertrophy. ST depression is seen in leads II, III, aVF and chest leads V1-V3, which may be due to right ventricular hypertrophy. Negative T waves are also seen in leads V4-V6, which can occur in heart failure and may be caused by ischemia.
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Stepwise interpretation of ECG ID279
This ECG report is for a 57-year old woman with a history of rheumatic fever at age 17 who has been experiencing dyspnea and fatigue. The ECG shows normal sinus rhythm at 80 beats per minute, left atrial enlargement, right axis deviation, right ventricular hypertrophy, and ST-T abnormalities including ST depression in leads II, III, aVF and leads V1-V3 which may be due to right ventricular hypertrophy.
ECG #7 - ID 279 - RVH
This ECG belongs to a 57-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic fever and recent symptoms of severe dyspnea and fatigue. The ECG shows normal sinus rhythm, left atrial enlargement, right axis deviation, and right ventricular hypertrophy. There are also ST depressions and negative T waves that may indicate ischemia from heart failure.
Stepwise interpretation ECG #7
This ECG shows a 57-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic fever suffering from dyspnea and fatigue. The ECG interpretation found:
1) Normal sinus rhythm at 80 beats per minute with left atrial enlargement and right axis deviation.
2) Right ventricular hypertrophy.
3) ST depression and negative T waves that may indicate right ventricular hypertrophy or ischemia from heart failure.
ECG#8 - ID478 - LVH BAE
The document discusses an ECG reading of a 58-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy. It finds evidence of biatrial enlargement from enlarged P waves and left ventricular hypertrophy shown by a widened QRS complex and ST abnormality, with a heart rate of 97 beats per minute and no signs of myocardial infarction.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #08 no Dx ID478
This document describes the stepwise interpretation of an ECG for a 58-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy. It was determined that the patient has normal sinus rhythm at a rate of 97 beats per minute, evidence of biatrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy, and repolarization abnormality but no signs of myocardial infarction.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG ID168
A 78-year-old woman presented with a heart murmur. The ECG showed sinus rhythm at 77 beats per minute with sinus arrhythmia and first-degree AV block. There was no evidence of atrial enlargement and the QRS duration was normal with no conduction abnormalities. Signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and ST-T abnormalities were present, consistent with a strain pattern, but no signs of prior myocardial infarction.
ECG #6 - ID 168 LVH
The document summarizes the stepwise interpretation of an ECG for a 78-year-old woman with a heart murmur. It finds sinus rhythm at 77 beats per minute with sinus arrhythmia and first-degree AV block. There is also evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy with ST-T abnormalities and no signs of myocardial infarction.
ECG Interpretation
7th PPP upload
This time on ECG
By Dr Md Main Uddin
MBBS, FCPS
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Cox’s Bazar Medical College
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Stepwise interpretation of ECG ID279
This ECG report is for a 57-year old woman with a history of rheumatic fever at age 17 who has been experiencing dyspnea and fatigue. The ECG shows normal sinus rhythm at 80 beats per minute, left atrial enlargement, right axis deviation, right ventricular hypertrophy, and ST-T abnormalities including ST depression in leads II, III, aVF and leads V1-V3 which may be due to right ventricular hypertrophy.
ECG #7 - ID 279 - RVH
This ECG belongs to a 57-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic fever and recent symptoms of severe dyspnea and fatigue. The ECG shows normal sinus rhythm, left atrial enlargement, right axis deviation, and right ventricular hypertrophy. There are also ST depressions and negative T waves that may indicate ischemia from heart failure.
Stepwise interpretation ECG #7
This ECG shows a 57-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic fever suffering from dyspnea and fatigue. The ECG interpretation found:
1) Normal sinus rhythm at 80 beats per minute with left atrial enlargement and right axis deviation.
2) Right ventricular hypertrophy.
3) ST depression and negative T waves that may indicate right ventricular hypertrophy or ischemia from heart failure.
ECG#8 - ID478 - LVH BAE
The document discusses an ECG reading of a 58-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy. It finds evidence of biatrial enlargement from enlarged P waves and left ventricular hypertrophy shown by a widened QRS complex and ST abnormality, with a heart rate of 97 beats per minute and no signs of myocardial infarction.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #08 no Dx ID478
This document describes the stepwise interpretation of an ECG for a 58-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy. It was determined that the patient has normal sinus rhythm at a rate of 97 beats per minute, evidence of biatrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy, and repolarization abnormality but no signs of myocardial infarction.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG ID168
A 78-year-old woman presented with a heart murmur. The ECG showed sinus rhythm at 77 beats per minute with sinus arrhythmia and first-degree AV block. There was no evidence of atrial enlargement and the QRS duration was normal with no conduction abnormalities. Signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and ST-T abnormalities were present, consistent with a strain pattern, but no signs of prior myocardial infarction.
ECG #6 - ID 168 LVH
The document summarizes the stepwise interpretation of an ECG for a 78-year-old woman with a heart murmur. It finds sinus rhythm at 77 beats per minute with sinus arrhythmia and first-degree AV block. There is also evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy with ST-T abnormalities and no signs of myocardial infarction.
ECG Interpretation
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Ekg. hr
The document provides an overview of electrocardiography (ECG) basics, including:
- The 12-lead ECG measures the heart's electrical activity and produces normal or abnormal wave patterns depending on a patient's condition. It views the heart from different angles to determine pathology locations.
- The standard ECG leads view the heart from anterior, posterior, lateral, and inferior positions. Limb leads I, II, III and augmented leads aVR, aVL, aVF provide different angular views. Chest leads V1-V6 provide anterior and lateral views.
- A normal ECG shows a sinus rhythm with discernible P waves preceding each QRS complex. Rate, rhythm, wave morphology
Ecg reading
This document provides information about reading electrocardiograms (ECGs), including:
1. Key information that should be included on ECG paper like patient ID, date, and location.
2. How to differentiate normal vs. abnormal ECGs by assessing heart rate, rhythm, time durations, voltages, and wave forms.
3. Details on how ECG paper is divided into squares and lines to measure time intervals and voltages.
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This document outlines the objectives and content of an ECG rhythm interpretation module. The module aims to teach the recognition of normal sinus rhythm, 13 common rhythm disturbances, and acute myocardial infarction on ECGs. It covers ECG basics, analyzing rhythms, normal sinus rhythm, arrhythmias including premature beats, sinus rhythms, and uses examples to explain sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, premature atrial contractions, and premature ventricular contractions.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #6 no Dx ID168
This document summarizes the stepwise interpretation of an ECG for a 78 year old woman with a heart murmur. It finds sinus rhythm at 77 beats per minute with sinus arrhythmia and first degree AV block. The QRS axis and duration are normal with no signs of bundle branch blocks. There are findings of left ventricular hypertrophy with ST-T abnormalities indicating strain pattern. No signs of myocardial infarction are seen.
stepwise interpretation ECG #6
This document summarizes the stepwise interpretation of an ECG for a 78 year old woman with a heart murmur. It was found that she had sinus rhythm at 77 beats per minute with sinus arrhythmia. She also had first degree AV block seen by a prolonged PR interval of 230 ms. Examination of the QRS complexes and axes found normal duration and no signs of bundle branch blocks. There were findings of left ventricular hypertrophy seen with ST-T abnormalities indicating strain pattern. No signs of myocardial infarction were seen.
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The document discusses the history and development of electrocardiography (ECG/EKG) and summarizes the key aspects of ECG interpretation. Some of the main points covered include:
- The key individuals who contributed to the development of ECG, from its initial discovery in the 1800s to modern applications.
- The components of a standard 12-lead ECG, including the waves, intervals, leads, and their normal values and appearances.
- Common ECG abnormalities such as arrhythmias, conduction blocks, hypertrophy, ischemia, and injury patterns.
- Guidelines for proper ECG acquisition and systematic interpretation.
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The document provides biographical and educational information about Dr. Jill Irene Z. Capistrano, including her medical specializations and affiliations. It then covers various topics related to reading and interpreting electrocardiograms (ECGs), including normal intervals and wave morphologies, determining rhythm, rate, and axis, identifying chamber enlargement, bundle branch blocks, myocardial ischemia and infarction patterns, and exercise ECGs.
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This document provides an overview of diagnosing myocardial infarction (MI) using electrocardiograms (ECGs). It discusses that an MI is best diagnosed using a 12-lead ECG rather than just a rhythm strip. The 12-lead ECG views the heart from 12 angles and can identify ST elevation in different regions to locate the MI. Anterior MIs involve leads V1-V4, lateral MIs involve leads I, aVL, V5-V6, and inferior MIs involve leads II, III, and aVF. The document walks through examples of anterior, lateral, inferior, and anterolateral MIs.
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This document provides an overview of EKG waveforms and arrhythmias. It discusses the electrical activity and associated muscle movements in the atria and ventricles that produce the different waves of the EKG. Common arrhythmias like AV block, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation are described. The characteristics of normal sinus rhythm as well as abnormal rhythms including premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation are summarized. The document provides a guide for interpreting EKG readings to identify arrhythmias and dysrhythmias.
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The document outlines a step-by-step process for reading an ECG, including calculating heart rate, assessing rhythm, cardiac axis, P waves, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T waves, and U waves. Key items to evaluate at each step are identified, such as determining regular vs. irregular rhythm, signs of conduction abnormalities, and abnormalities that may indicate conditions like myocardial infarction. The overall goal is to systematically analyze all components of the E
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This document outlines ECG criteria for detecting enlargement of the heart chambers, including the left ventricle, right ventricle, and atria. Several voltage-based criteria and point scoring systems are described for identifying left ventricular hypertrophy with sensitivities generally around 35-55% and specificities of 85-95%. Signs of right ventricular hypertrophy and chronic pulmonary disease on ECG are also summarized. Biventricular enlargement can be suggested based on meeting criteria for both left and right ventricular hypertrophy simultaneously. Atrial enlargement of the left or right atria is characterized by abnormalities in the P wave morphology and duration.
Ecg criteria of chamber enlargement
The document discusses electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns associated with cardiac chamber enlargement, specifically right atrial enlargement (RAE) and left atrial enlargement (LAE). RAE is suggested by a tall, peaked P wave in leads II, III, AVF and a positive P wave in V1. LAE results in prolongation of the left atrial component of the P wave, increased posterior deviation of the left atrial vector, and left axis deviation of the P wave. The diagnostic accuracy of ECG findings for chamber enlargement is limited but can provide clues when correlated with imaging studies.
Understanding ECG
1. The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the heart, including its chambers, valves, conduction system, blood flow, and heart sounds.
2. Key aspects covered are the structure and function of the heart, cardiac cycle, electrocardiography, cardiac arrhythmias, murmurs, and approach to cardiac patients.
3. Details are provided on abnormalities like bundle branch blocks, hypertrophies, conduction disorders, and various arrhythmias that can be identified on ECG.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG ID175
This document summarizes the stepwise interpretation of an ECG for a 58-year-old man with coronary artery disease and left bundle branch block. It finds normal sinus rhythm at 88 beats per minute with visible P waves followed by QRS complexes at a constant PR interval of 140 milliseconds. The QRS duration is prolonged at 145 milliseconds, consistent with a pattern of left bundle branch block that can mask other conditions like left ventricular hypertrophy or myocardial infarction.
ECG #12 - ID 111 - CHB
This document discusses the stepwise interpretation of an ECG for a patient. It identifies that the patient, a 56-year-old man who had an episode of syncope, has sinus rhythm with complete heart block. The atrial rate is 80/min while the ventricular rate is 43/min, showing dissociation between the two rhythms. The QRS complexes originate from the AV junction at a rate of 43/min, indicating an escape junctional rhythm. The final diagnosis is sinus rhythm with complete heart block and an escape junctional rhythm supplying the ventricles.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG ID123
A 67-year-old woman presented with palpitations. An ECG showed a narrow-QRS tachycardia at a rate of 160 beats per minute, with visible P waves preceding each QRS complex. The P waves were negative in leads II, III, aVF and V3-V6, with a PR interval of 140 msec. The diagnosis was determined to be atrial tachycardia based on the ECG findings.
Sinus ECG Rhythms
This document describes four types of sinus rhythms: normal sinus rhythm has a rate of 60-100 and is regular; sinus tachycardia has a rate over 100 but is still regular; sinus bradycardia has a rate under 60 but is regular; and sinus arrhythmia has a rate of 60-100 but is regularly irregular, varying with inhalation and exhalation. All four types have present P waves, a P-R interval of 0.12-0.20 seconds, and a QRS complex under 0.12 seconds.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #3 ID659
A 68-year-old man presented to the emergency department after an accidental fall. An ECG was performed which showed sinus rhythm at a rate of 100 bpm with frequent premature ventricular complexes. The PR interval, QRS axis, and QRS duration were normal with no signs of chamber enlargement, conduction blocks, ventricular hypertrophy, or myocardial infarction. The final diagnosis was sinus rhythm with frequent premature ventricular complexes, with an otherwise normal ECG.
Normal Sinus Rhythem
This document provides an overview of normal sinus rhythm and common cardiac rhythm disturbances. It defines normal sinus rhythm, discusses how arrhythmias can form from problems in the sinus node, atrial cells, AV junction, or ventricular cells. Specific arrhythmias are defined such as sinus tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia. The objectives are to recognize normal sinus rhythm and 13 common rhythm disturbances, and diagnose a myocardial infarction on ECG.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #4 ID383
A 76-year-old woman underwent an ECG examination in her family doctor's office which showed atrial fibrillation with a controlled ventricular rate of 66 beats per minute, as evidenced by the lack of P waves and presence of fibrillatory waves, irregularly irregular rhythm, and normal QRS axis, duration, and absence of signs of right or left ventricular hypertrophy, bundle branch blocks, myocardial infarction, or other abnormalities.
12 DAVID SUTTON PICTURES
This document contains 42 figures with captions describing various cardiac imaging findings. The figures show images from modalities like CT, MRI, echocardiography and include examples of coronary artery calcification, myocardial perfusion defects, left ventricular aneurysms, dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, pericardial effusions, pericardial cysts, cardiac tumors, bronchial carcinoma invasion of the heart, aortic dissection and more. The captions provide brief descriptions of the imaging findings and clinical information for each case.
Management of ventricular tachycardia in advanced heart failure
This document discusses management of ventricular tachycardia in advanced heart failure patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). It notes that pump failure, not sudden cardiac death, is the predominant cause of death in stage D heart failure. For LVAD patients, it is unclear whether all episodes of ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation require treatment, and observational studies have found ICDs may not be life-saving. The document suggests ICDs in LVAD patients should be programmed with long detection intervals to minimize unnecessary shocks.
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Ekg. hr
The document provides an overview of electrocardiography (ECG) basics, including:
- The 12-lead ECG measures the heart's electrical activity and produces normal or abnormal wave patterns depending on a patient's condition. It views the heart from different angles to determine pathology locations.
- The standard ECG leads view the heart from anterior, posterior, lateral, and inferior positions. Limb leads I, II, III and augmented leads aVR, aVL, aVF provide different angular views. Chest leads V1-V6 provide anterior and lateral views.
- A normal ECG shows a sinus rhythm with discernible P waves preceding each QRS complex. Rate, rhythm, wave morphology
Ecg reading
This document provides information about reading electrocardiograms (ECGs), including:
1. Key information that should be included on ECG paper like patient ID, date, and location.
2. How to differentiate normal vs. abnormal ECGs by assessing heart rate, rhythm, time durations, voltages, and wave forms.
3. Details on how ECG paper is divided into squares and lines to measure time intervals and voltages.
Heart arrth 1
This document outlines the objectives and content of an ECG rhythm interpretation module. The module aims to teach the recognition of normal sinus rhythm, 13 common rhythm disturbances, and acute myocardial infarction on ECGs. It covers ECG basics, analyzing rhythms, normal sinus rhythm, arrhythmias including premature beats, sinus rhythms, and uses examples to explain sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, premature atrial contractions, and premature ventricular contractions.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #6 no Dx ID168
This document summarizes the stepwise interpretation of an ECG for a 78 year old woman with a heart murmur. It finds sinus rhythm at 77 beats per minute with sinus arrhythmia and first degree AV block. The QRS axis and duration are normal with no signs of bundle branch blocks. There are findings of left ventricular hypertrophy with ST-T abnormalities indicating strain pattern. No signs of myocardial infarction are seen.
stepwise interpretation ECG #6
This document summarizes the stepwise interpretation of an ECG for a 78 year old woman with a heart murmur. It was found that she had sinus rhythm at 77 beats per minute with sinus arrhythmia. She also had first degree AV block seen by a prolonged PR interval of 230 ms. Examination of the QRS complexes and axes found normal duration and no signs of bundle branch blocks. There were findings of left ventricular hypertrophy seen with ST-T abnormalities indicating strain pattern. No signs of myocardial infarction were seen.
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The document discusses the history and development of electrocardiography (ECG/EKG) and summarizes the key aspects of ECG interpretation. Some of the main points covered include:
- The key individuals who contributed to the development of ECG, from its initial discovery in the 1800s to modern applications.
- The components of a standard 12-lead ECG, including the waves, intervals, leads, and their normal values and appearances.
- Common ECG abnormalities such as arrhythmias, conduction blocks, hypertrophy, ischemia, and injury patterns.
- Guidelines for proper ECG acquisition and systematic interpretation.
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The document provides biographical and educational information about Dr. Jill Irene Z. Capistrano, including her medical specializations and affiliations. It then covers various topics related to reading and interpreting electrocardiograms (ECGs), including normal intervals and wave morphologies, determining rhythm, rate, and axis, identifying chamber enlargement, bundle branch blocks, myocardial ischemia and infarction patterns, and exercise ECGs.
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This document provides an overview of diagnosing myocardial infarction (MI) using electrocardiograms (ECGs). It discusses that an MI is best diagnosed using a 12-lead ECG rather than just a rhythm strip. The 12-lead ECG views the heart from 12 angles and can identify ST elevation in different regions to locate the MI. Anterior MIs involve leads V1-V4, lateral MIs involve leads I, aVL, V5-V6, and inferior MIs involve leads II, III, and aVF. The document walks through examples of anterior, lateral, inferior, and anterolateral MIs.
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This document provides an overview of EKG waveforms and arrhythmias. It discusses the electrical activity and associated muscle movements in the atria and ventricles that produce the different waves of the EKG. Common arrhythmias like AV block, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation are described. The characteristics of normal sinus rhythm as well as abnormal rhythms including premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation are summarized. The document provides a guide for interpreting EKG readings to identify arrhythmias and dysrhythmias.
How to read an ecg
The document outlines a step-by-step process for reading an ECG, including calculating heart rate, assessing rhythm, cardiac axis, P waves, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T waves, and U waves. Key items to evaluate at each step are identified, such as determining regular vs. irregular rhythm, signs of conduction abnormalities, and abnormalities that may indicate conditions like myocardial infarction. The overall goal is to systematically analyze all components of the E
ECG diagnosis of chamber enlargement
This document outlines ECG criteria for detecting enlargement of the heart chambers, including the left ventricle, right ventricle, and atria. Several voltage-based criteria and point scoring systems are described for identifying left ventricular hypertrophy with sensitivities generally around 35-55% and specificities of 85-95%. Signs of right ventricular hypertrophy and chronic pulmonary disease on ECG are also summarized. Biventricular enlargement can be suggested based on meeting criteria for both left and right ventricular hypertrophy simultaneously. Atrial enlargement of the left or right atria is characterized by abnormalities in the P wave morphology and duration.
Ecg criteria of chamber enlargement
The document discusses electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns associated with cardiac chamber enlargement, specifically right atrial enlargement (RAE) and left atrial enlargement (LAE). RAE is suggested by a tall, peaked P wave in leads II, III, AVF and a positive P wave in V1. LAE results in prolongation of the left atrial component of the P wave, increased posterior deviation of the left atrial vector, and left axis deviation of the P wave. The diagnostic accuracy of ECG findings for chamber enlargement is limited but can provide clues when correlated with imaging studies.
Understanding ECG
1. The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the heart, including its chambers, valves, conduction system, blood flow, and heart sounds.
2. Key aspects covered are the structure and function of the heart, cardiac cycle, electrocardiography, cardiac arrhythmias, murmurs, and approach to cardiac patients.
3. Details are provided on abnormalities like bundle branch blocks, hypertrophies, conduction disorders, and various arrhythmias that can be identified on ECG.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG ID175
This document summarizes the stepwise interpretation of an ECG for a 58-year-old man with coronary artery disease and left bundle branch block. It finds normal sinus rhythm at 88 beats per minute with visible P waves followed by QRS complexes at a constant PR interval of 140 milliseconds. The QRS duration is prolonged at 145 milliseconds, consistent with a pattern of left bundle branch block that can mask other conditions like left ventricular hypertrophy or myocardial infarction.
ECG #12 - ID 111 - CHB
This document discusses the stepwise interpretation of an ECG for a patient. It identifies that the patient, a 56-year-old man who had an episode of syncope, has sinus rhythm with complete heart block. The atrial rate is 80/min while the ventricular rate is 43/min, showing dissociation between the two rhythms. The QRS complexes originate from the AV junction at a rate of 43/min, indicating an escape junctional rhythm. The final diagnosis is sinus rhythm with complete heart block and an escape junctional rhythm supplying the ventricles.
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A 67-year-old woman presented with palpitations. An ECG showed a narrow-QRS tachycardia at a rate of 160 beats per minute, with visible P waves preceding each QRS complex. The P waves were negative in leads II, III, aVF and V3-V6, with a PR interval of 140 msec. The diagnosis was determined to be atrial tachycardia based on the ECG findings.
Sinus ECG Rhythms
This document describes four types of sinus rhythms: normal sinus rhythm has a rate of 60-100 and is regular; sinus tachycardia has a rate over 100 but is still regular; sinus bradycardia has a rate under 60 but is regular; and sinus arrhythmia has a rate of 60-100 but is regularly irregular, varying with inhalation and exhalation. All four types have present P waves, a P-R interval of 0.12-0.20 seconds, and a QRS complex under 0.12 seconds.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #3 ID659
A 68-year-old man presented to the emergency department after an accidental fall. An ECG was performed which showed sinus rhythm at a rate of 100 bpm with frequent premature ventricular complexes. The PR interval, QRS axis, and QRS duration were normal with no signs of chamber enlargement, conduction blocks, ventricular hypertrophy, or myocardial infarction. The final diagnosis was sinus rhythm with frequent premature ventricular complexes, with an otherwise normal ECG.
Normal Sinus Rhythem
This document provides an overview of normal sinus rhythm and common cardiac rhythm disturbances. It defines normal sinus rhythm, discusses how arrhythmias can form from problems in the sinus node, atrial cells, AV junction, or ventricular cells. Specific arrhythmias are defined such as sinus tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia. The objectives are to recognize normal sinus rhythm and 13 common rhythm disturbances, and diagnose a myocardial infarction on ECG.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #4 ID383
A 76-year-old woman underwent an ECG examination in her family doctor's office which showed atrial fibrillation with a controlled ventricular rate of 66 beats per minute, as evidenced by the lack of P waves and presence of fibrillatory waves, irregularly irregular rhythm, and normal QRS axis, duration, and absence of signs of right or left ventricular hypertrophy, bundle branch blocks, myocardial infarction, or other abnormalities.
12 DAVID SUTTON PICTURES
This document contains 42 figures with captions describing various cardiac imaging findings. The figures show images from modalities like CT, MRI, echocardiography and include examples of coronary artery calcification, myocardial perfusion defects, left ventricular aneurysms, dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, pericardial effusions, pericardial cysts, cardiac tumors, bronchial carcinoma invasion of the heart, aortic dissection and more. The captions provide brief descriptions of the imaging findings and clinical information for each case.
Management of ventricular tachycardia in advanced heart failure
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Stepwise interpretation of ECG ID372
The ECG is of a 62-year-old man with palpitations. It shows sinus rhythm at 83 beats per minute with premature atrial complexes occurring in a pattern of trigeminy. The P waves, QRS complexes, and ST segments and T waves are normal with no signs of conduction abnormalities, hypertrophy, or myocardial infarction. The final diagnosis is sinus rhythm with atrial premature complexes in a pattern of trigeminy and an otherwise normal ECG.
Ball valve thrombus ppt
Two large thrombi were discovered moving freely within the left atrium of a 45-year-old woman presenting with breathlessness, swelling, and recent stroke. Echocardiography revealed severe mitral stenosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension from rheumatic heart disease, as well as the two thrombi measuring 23x16mm and 24x18mm. The patient underwent mitral valve replacement and removal of the thrombi. Ball valve thrombi are rare occurrences where thrombi detach entirely from the atrium walls and move freely due to excess narrowing of the blood flow pathway. This case of two large moving ball valve thrombi in the left atrium without prior embolism is exceptionally rare.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG ID175
This document summarizes the stepwise interpretation of an ECG for a 58-year-old man with coronary artery disease and left bundle branch block. It finds normal sinus rhythm at 88 beats per minute with visible P waves followed by QRS complexes at a constant PR interval of 140 milliseconds. The QRS duration is prolonged at 145 milliseconds, consistent with a pattern of left bundle branch block that can mask other conditions like left ventricular hypertrophy or myocardial infarction.
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This document describes the case of a 77-year-old male who was found unconscious on the street by EMS with a heart rate of 250 beats per minute. He has a history of atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes, and had a pacemaker inserted in 2014. Initial workup found ventricular tachycardia. He received amiodarone and cardioversion with temporary success. Over the following days he experienced recurrent arrhythmias and heart failure exacerbation. Angiography found no obstructive coronary artery disease. An ICD was implanted for secondary prevention of further lethal arrhythmias given his cardiomyopathy and recurrent instabilities.
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This document lists various cardiac arrhythmias and conditions including normal sinus rhythm, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, different types of AV block, bundle branch blocks, and myocardial infarctions of the anterolateral wall and inferior wall.
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heartbeat caused by rapid and chaotic electrical activity in the atria. There are three main types - paroxysmal which comes and goes for less than 2 days, persistent for over 7 days and likely to recur, and permanent which cannot be reverted. Causes include hypertension, obesity, heart disease, alcohol, smoking, and other chronic conditions. Symptoms include fatigue, palpitations, dizziness, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves ECG, echocardiogram, Holter monitor and other tests. Treatment options include rate control with medications, rhythm control with antiarrhythmics like amiodarone, cardioversion, catheter ablation, or a pacemaker. A
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #1 ID 380
This document summarizes the interpretation of an electrocardiogram (ECG) for a 53-year-old man. The ECG shows normal sinus rhythm at a rate of 60 beats per minute, with normal P waves, PR interval, QRS duration and axis, and no signs of atrial or ventricular enlargement, bundle branch blocks, or myocardial infarction. The overall interpretation is that the ECG is normal.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #06 no Dx ID168
This document summarizes the stepwise interpretation of an ECG for a 78 year old woman with a heart murmur. It finds sinus rhythm at 77 beats per minute with sinus arrhythmia and first degree AV block. The QRS axis and duration are normal with no signs of bundle branch blocks. There are findings of left ventricular hypertrophy with ST-T abnormalities indicating strain pattern. No signs of myocardial infarction are seen.
Dr ranjith mp,ventricular tachycardia in abnormal heart dr ranjith mp
This document discusses the mechanisms of ventricular tachycardia (VT), including disorders of impulse formation (enhanced automaticity and triggered activity) and disorders of impulse conduction (re-entry). Re-entry is the most common mechanism underlying VT associated with healed myocardial infarction. The surface ECG can provide clues about the location of the re-entry circuit. Treatment depends on whether the VT is tolerated or not, with cardioversion used for hemodynamically unstable VT and medications or an ICD for recurrent VT.
Ventricular tachyarrhythmias
Ventricular tachyarrhythmias include ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular tachycardia is caused by conditions like myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, and ischemic heart disease and involves abnormal automaticity or re-entry in the ventricles. It presents with palpitations, dizziness, dyspnea, and syncope and is seen on ECG as a fast ventricular rhythm over 120 bpm with broad complexes. Ventricular fibrillation causes ineffective, uncoordinated ventricular contractions with no pulse and can result from very fast ventricular tachycardia or in the setting of severe left ventricular impairment; it appears as irregular, chaotic ventricular complexes on ECG.
ECG #4 - ID 383 – Atrial fibrillation
A 76-year-old woman underwent an ECG examination in her family doctor's office which showed atrial fibrillation with an irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm of 66 beats per minute and no P waves. The QRS complexes were normal with no signs of conduction abnormalities, ventricular hypertrophy, or prior myocardial infarction. The final diagnosis was atrial fibrillation with a controlled ventricular rate of 66 bpm and no other abnormalities.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #14 no Dx ID123
A 67-year-old woman presented with palpitations. Her ECG showed a narrow-QRS tachycardia at a rate of 160 beats per minute. P waves were visible and preceded the QRS complexes, with negative P waves in leads II, III, aVF, and V3-V6. The PR interval was 140 milliseconds. Based on these characteristics, the patient was diagnosed with atrial tachycardia. Additional analysis found a normal QRS axis and duration, no ventricular hypertrophy, no signs of infarction, and normal T waves.
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This ECG shows a 57-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic fever suffering from dyspnea and fatigue. The ECG reveals normal sinus rhythm, left atrial enlargement, right axis deviation, and right ventricular hypertrophy. There are also ST depressions and negative T waves that are likely due to right ventricular hypertrophy and may indicate ischemia as the patient has signs of heart failure.
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This ECG shows a 57-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic fever suffering from dyspnea and fatigue. The ECG reveals normal sinus rhythm, left atrial enlargement, right axis deviation, and right ventricular hypertrophy. There are also ST depressions and negative T waves that are likely due to right ventricular hypertrophy and may indicate ischemia as the patient has signs of heart failure.
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A 58-year-old man followed for coronary artery disease presented with an ECG showing sinus rhythm at 88 beats per minute, a prolonged QRS duration of 145 milliseconds consistent with left bundle branch block, and no evidence of right or left ventricular hypertrophy or atrial enlargement. The left bundle branch block precludes diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy and can mask underlying myocardial infarction.
Interpretation of ecg_in_pulmonary_disease
This document discusses ECG findings in patients with pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary embolism (PE). It describes changes seen in COPD such as right axis deviation, low voltage complexes, and right ventricular hypertrophy. It also outlines typical findings in PE including sinus tachycardia, right ventricular strain pattern, complete or incomplete right bundle branch block, and S1Q3T3 pattern. The document provides details on diagnostic criteria for right atrial enlargement, right ventricular hypertrophy, and right bundle branch block.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #05 no Dx ID175
A 58-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease presented with an ECG showing normal sinus rhythm of 88 beats per minute. The ECG revealed left bundle branch block, evidenced by a prolonged QRS duration of 145 milliseconds with characteristic morphology. Left bundle branch block can mask signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and prior myocardial infarction. It is also associated with secondary repolarization abnormalities like ST depression and negative T waves in leads with broad R waves. The final diagnosis was normal sinus rhythm with left bundle branch block.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #5 no Dx ID175
A 58-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease presented with an ECG showing normal sinus rhythm of 88 beats per minute. The ECG revealed left bundle branch block, evidenced by a prolonged QRS duration of 145 milliseconds with characteristic morphology. Left bundle branch block can mask signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and prior myocardial infarction. It is also associated with secondary repolarization abnormalities like ST depression and negative T waves in leads with broad R waves. The final diagnosis was normal sinus rhythm with left bundle branch block.
Stepwise interpretation ECG #5
A 58-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease presented with normal sinus rhythm of 88 beats per minute and left bundle branch block. Left bundle branch block was diagnosed due to the prolonged QRS duration of 145 milliseconds with characteristic morphology. The presence of left bundle branch block can mask signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and prior myocardial infarction on electrocardiogram. Abnormal repolarization is also commonly seen in the form of ST depression and negative T waves in leads with broad R waves in left bundle branch block.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #5 no Dx ID659
A 58-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease presented with an ECG showing normal sinus rhythm of 88 beats per minute. The ECG revealed left bundle branch block, evidenced by a prolonged QRS duration of 145 milliseconds with characteristic morphology. Left bundle branch block can mask signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and prior myocardial infarction. It is also associated with secondary repolarization abnormalities like ST depression and negative T waves in leads with broad R waves. The final diagnosis was normal sinus rhythm with left bundle branch block.
Ecg !
1. The document describes 4 ECG findings from patients presenting with various symptoms. The first case shows ventricular bigeminy in a patient with chest pain. The second case shows sinus tachycardia with S1Q3T3 pattern in a bedridden patient with breathlessness, indicating pulmonary embolism. The third case shows ventricular tachycardia in a patient recently diagnosed with myocardial infarction. The fourth case provides the Brugada criteria used to diagnose Brugada syndrome.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #06 no Dx ID168
This document summarizes the stepwise interpretation of an ECG for a 78 year old woman with a heart murmur. It was found that she had sinus rhythm at 77 beats per minute with sinus arrhythmia and first degree AV block. The QRS duration was normal with no signs of bundle branch blocks. There were findings of left ventricular hypertrophy with ST-T abnormalities indicating a strain pattern. The final diagnosis was sinus rhythm with sinus arrhythmia, first degree AV block, and left ventricular hypertrophy with repolarization abnormality.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #06 no Dx ID168
A 78-year-old woman presented with a heart murmur. The ECG showed sinus rhythm at 77 beats per minute with sinus arrhythmia. There was first-degree AV block seen by a prolonged PR interval of 230 ms. Findings also included left ventricular hypertrophy with ST-T abnormalities consistent with left ventricular strain.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #14 no Dx ID123
A 67-year-old woman presented with palpitations. Her ECG showed a narrow-QRS tachycardia of 160 beats per minute. P waves were visible and preceded the QRS complexes, with a PR interval of 140 msec. The arrhythmia was diagnosed as atrial tachycardia based on the P wave morphology and timing.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #13 no Dx ID 419
This ECG shows an ectopic atrial rhythm originating outside the sinoatrial node at a rate of 75 beats per minute. The P waves have an abnormal axis and precede each QRS complex, indicating the atrial origin. There is also an incomplete right bundle branch block seen by the prolonged QRS duration of 100 milliseconds and rSR' pattern. The final diagnosis is an ectopic atrial rhythm at a rate of 75 bpm with an incomplete right bundle branch block.
Basics of ecg
Basic ecg in paediatrics, arrythmias, Norma and abnormal ecg, left and right ventricular hypertrophy, atrial dilatation
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #1 ID 380
A 53-year-old man received an ECG in the pre-anesthesia clinic. The ECG interpreter found normal sinus rhythm at a rate of 60 beats per minute, with normal P waves, PR interval, QRS axis and duration, and no signs of chamber enlargement, bundle branch blocks, ventricular hypertrophy, or myocardial infarction. The final diagnosis was a completely normal ECG.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #01 ID 380
A 53-year-old man received an ECG in the pre-anesthesia clinic. The ECG interpreter found normal sinus rhythm at a rate of 60 beats per minute, with normal P waves, PR interval, QRS axis and duration, and no signs of chamber enlargement, bundle branch blocks, ventricular hypertrophy, or myocardial infarction. The final diagnosis was a completely normal ECG.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #1 ID 380
A 53-year-old man received an ECG in the pre-anesthesia clinic. The ECG interpreter found normal sinus rhythm at a rate of 60 beats per minute, with normal P waves, PR interval, QRS axis and duration, and no signs of chamber enlargement, bundle branch blocks, ventricular hypertrophy, or myocardial infarction. The final diagnosis was a completely normal ECG.
stepwise interpretation ECG #1
A 53-year-old man received an ECG in the pre-anesthesia clinic. The ECG interpreter found normal sinus rhythm at a rate of 60 beats per minute, with normal P waves, PR interval, QRS axis and duration, and no signs of chamber enlargement, bundle branch blocks, ventricular hypertrophy, or myocardial infarction. The final diagnosis was a completely normal ECG.
#01 ID380 - NML
This document summarizes the stepwise interpretation of a 53-year-old man's ECG in the pre-anesthesia clinic. The interpreter found the man to have a normal sinus rhythm of 60 beats per minute, with normal P waves, PR interval, QRS axis and duration, and no signs of atrial or ventricular enlargement, bundle branch blocks, or evidence of myocardial infarction. The final diagnosis was a completely normal ECG and normal sinus rhythm.
Similar to stepwise interpretation of ECG ID279 RVH (20)
More from Anas Nader
ECG #14 - ID 123 - Atrial Tachycardia
A 67-year-old woman presented with palpitations. An ECG showed a narrow-QRS tachycardia at a rate of 160 beats per minute, with visible P waves preceding each QRS complex. The P waves were negative in leads II, III, aVF and V3-V6, with a PR interval of 140 msec. Based on these characteristics, the patient was diagnosed with atrial tachycardia originating from the atria.
ECG #13 - ID 419 - EAR IRBBB
This ECG shows an ectopic atrial rhythm originating from a low atrial region at a rate of 70 beats per minute, as well as an incomplete right bundle branch block. P waves are clearly seen and negative in several leads, with a PR interval of 180ms indicating the rhythm is not junctional. The QRS axis is normal and duration is 100ms with an rSR' pattern consistent with incomplete right bundle branch block. The final diagnosis is an ectopic atrial rhythm at 70bpm with incomplete right bundle branch block.
ECG #11 - ID 108 - 2nd degree AV block
This document summarizes the ECG findings for a 58-year-old man presenting to the emergency department with 2nd degree AV block, Mobitz type 1. The ECG shows regular sinus rhythm at a rate of 88 beats per minute with intermittent conduction block such that every third P-wave is not followed by a QRS complex, resulting in a ventricular rate of 59 beats per minute. Further analysis of the ECG found normal QRS axis, duration and morphology with no signs of infarction, hypertrophy, or other abnormalities. The final diagnosis was sinus rhythm with Mobitz type 1 2nd degree AV block and a ventricular rate of 58 beats per minute.
ECG #10 - ID122 - Atrial Flutter
This document describes the stepwise interpretation of ECG ID 122, which shows atrial flutter with variable atrioventricular block and a ventricular rate of 107 beats per minute in a 50-year-old man complaining of palpitations. The interpretation examines the P waves, QRS complex, QRS duration, signs of ventricular hypertrophy or myocardial infarction, and T waves. The final diagnosis is atrial flutter with variable AV block and a ventricular rate of 107 beats per minute.
ECG #9 - ID594a - acute ASMI
This ECG shows signs of an acute antero-septal myocardial infarction in a 49-year old man presenting with chest pain, requiring urgent therapy. The ECG reveals normal sinus rhythm, a normal QRS axis and duration, and marked ST elevation in leads V1-V4, consistent with an antero-septal injury pattern diagnostic of an acute antero-septal infarction.
ECG #2 - ID 352 - Premature Atrial Complexes
A 62-year-old man presented with palpitations. An analysis of his ECG found sinus rhythm at 83 bpm with premature atrial complexes, where every third P wave was premature in a pattern of trigeminy. The QRS complexes, ST segments, and T waves were normal with no signs of right or left atrial enlargement, bundle branch blocks, ventricular hypertrophy, or myocardial infarction. The final diagnosis was sinus rhythm with atrial premature complexes in a pattern of trigeminy, but an otherwise normal ECG.
ECG #1 - ID 380 – Normal ECG
The ECG is for a 53-year-old man undergoing pre-anesthesia evaluation. The interpreter found normal sinus rhythm at a rate of 60 bpm, normal P waves and PR interval, normal QRS axis and duration with no evidence of conduction blocks, no signs of chamber enlargement or hypertrophy, and normal ST segments and T waves. The final diagnosis was a normal ECG.
ID 352 –Sinus rhythm With premature atrial complex
A 62-year-old man presented with palpitations. An analysis of his ECG found sinus rhythm at 83 bpm with premature atrial complexes, where every third P wave was premature in a pattern of trigeminy. The ECG further showed normal P waves, QRS axis, duration and complexes, as well as normal ST segments and T waves. The final diagnosis was sinus rhythm with atrial premature complexes in a pattern of trigeminy, but an otherwise normal ECG.
Atrio-ventricular dissociation
Atrio-ventricular dissociation occurs when the atrial and ventricular rhythms are independent of each other. It can happen when the atrial rate slows below the intrinsic ventricular rate, or due to inappropriate acceleration of the ventricular rate. Typically in AV dissociation the distal pacemaker, such as the ventricles, beats faster than the proximal pacemaker like the atria. In complete heart block the proximal pacemaker usually beats faster than the distal one. However, there are exceptions to using pacemaker rates to distinguish the two.
Lead errors: reversal of limb leads
This document discusses common errors involving limb leads in electrocardiograms (ECGs), including:
1) Lead reversal is a common error, such as switching the right and left arm leads. This can cause leads like aVR and aVL to be reversed.
2) Misplacing the ground cable, such as attaching it to the right arm instead of the right leg, is another error.
3) Complex misplacements of the limb leads are less common. Examples provided demonstrate how specific lead errors can cause abnormalities to appear or disappear on ECG tracings.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #9 no Dx ID 594
This ECG shows a 49-year-old man experiencing severe chest pain for 1 hour who is presenting with an antero-septal injury pattern consistent with an acute myocardial infarction requiring urgent therapy. The ECG shows normal sinus rhythm at 84 beats per minute, a normal PR interval and QRS axis, and no signs of ventricular hypertrophy. It does reveal marked ST elevation in leads V1-V4, confirming the diagnosis of an acute antero-septal infarction.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #13 no Dx ID 419
This ECG shows an ectopic atrial rhythm originating outside the sinoatrial node at a rate of 75 beats per minute. The P waves precede each QRS complex but have an abnormal axis. There is also evidence of incomplete right bundle branch block seen by a widened QRS complex with a duration of 100 milliseconds and rSR' pattern. The final diagnosis is an ectopic atrial rhythm at 75 bpm with incomplete right bundle branch block and no signs of ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, or abnormal ST segments or T waves.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #13 no Dx ID 419
This ECG shows an ectopic atrial rhythm at a rate of 70 beats per minute with an incomplete right bundle branch block pattern. The QRS axis is normal and the duration is 100 msec. with an rSR' configuration. There are no signs of ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, or abnormal ST segments or T waves. The final diagnosis is an ectopic atrial rhythm at 75 beats per minute with an incomplete right bundle branch block.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #13 no Dx ID 419
This ECG shows an ectopic atrial rhythm at a rate of 70 beats per minute with an incomplete right bundle branch block pattern. The QRS axis is normal and the duration is 100 msec. with an rSR' configuration. There are no signs of ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, or abnormal ST segments or T waves. The final diagnosis is an ectopic atrial rhythm at 75 beats per minute with an incomplete right bundle branch block.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #13 no Dx ID 419
Ectopic atrial rhythm at a rate of 75 beats per minute. P waves are clearly seen and negative in several leads, indicating they do not originate from the sinus node but likely a low atrial region. There is also an incomplete right bundle branch block present as shown by a prolonged QRS duration of 100 milliseconds with an rSR' pattern. The final diagnosis is an ectopic atrial rhythm at a rate of 75 beats per minute with an incomplete right bundle branch block.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #13 no Dx ID 419
Ectopic atrial rhythm at a rate of 75 beats per minute. P waves are clearly seen and negative in several leads, indicating they do not originate from the sinus node but likely a low atrial region. There is also an incomplete right bundle branch block present as shown by a widened QRS duration of 100 milliseconds with an rSR' pattern. The final diagnosis is an ectopic atrial rhythm at a rate of 75 beats per minute with an incomplete right bundle branch block.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #12 no Dx ID 111
A 56-year-old man presented with an episode of syncope. An ECG was performed which showed sinus rhythm with complete heart block, where the atrial rate was 80/min and the ventricular rate was 43/min. The dissociation of the P waves and QRS complexes along with the narrow QRS escape rhythm indicated the ventricular activation was coming from the AV junctional area. The ECG was otherwise normal.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #12 no Dx ID111
A 56-year-old man presented with an episode of syncope. An ECG showed sinus rhythm with complete heart block, where the atrial rate was 80/min and ventricular rate was 43/min. The dissociation between the P waves and QRS complexes indicated complete heart block. The narrow QRS complexes and normal axis suggested the escape rhythm was originating from the AV junction. The final diagnosis was sinus rhythm with complete heart block and an escape junctional rhythm at a ventricular rate of 43/min.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #912 no Dx ID111
A 56-year-old man presented with an episode of syncope. An ECG showed sinus rhythm with complete heart block, where the atrial rate was 80/min and ventricular rate was 43/min. The dissociation between the P waves and QRS complexes indicated complete heart block. The narrow QRS complexes and normal axis suggested the escape pacemaker was in the AV junction, resulting in an escape junctional rhythm controlling the ventricles. The ECG was otherwise normal.
Stepwise interpretation of ECG - #12 no Dx ID111
A 56-year-old man presented with an episode of syncope. An ECG showed sinus rhythm with complete heart block, where the atrial rate was 80/min and ventricular rate was 43/min. The dissociation between the P waves and QRS complexes indicated complete heart block. The narrow QRS complexes and normal axis suggested the escape pacemaker was in the AV junction, resulting in an escape junctional rhythm controlling the ventricles. The ECG was otherwise normal.
More from Anas Nader (20)
ID 352 –Sinus rhythm With premature atrial complex
ID 352 –Sinus rhythm With premature atrial complex
stepwise interpretation of ECG ID279 RVH
- 1. Stepwise interpretation of ECG ID 279 – RVH
- 2. ID 279 – This 57 year old woman who had rheumatic fever at age 17 has been suffering from severe dyspnea and fatigue during the past year
- 3. ID 279 – Normal sinus rhythm, 80/min Yes: The P waves originate from the sinus node– The rhythm is regular , the rate is 80/min. – Each P is followed by a QRS - The PR interval is normal – NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM, 80/min
- 4. ID 279 – Normal sinus rhythm, 80/min – Left atrial enlargement There are signs of left atrial enlargement
- 5. Let’s now look at the QRS complexes: There is Right axis deviation ID 279 – Normal sinus rhythm, 80/min – Left atrial enlargement – Right axis deviation
- 6. Let’s now look at the QRS complexes: There is Right axis deviation ID 279 – Normal sinus rhythm, 80/min – Left atrial enlargement – Right axis deviation
- 7. The QRS duration is normal : There is no right bundle branch block, left bundle branch block or non-specific block ID 279 – Normal sinus rhythm, 80/min – Left atrial enlargement – Right axis deviation
- 8. There is right ventricular hypertrophy ID 279 – Normal sinus rhythm, 80/min – Left atrial enlargement – Right axis deviation Right ventricular hypertrophy
- 9. There are no QRS signs of myocardial infarction ID 279 – Normal sinus rhythm, 80/min – Left atrial enlargement – Right axis deviation Right ventricular hypertrophy
- 10. There is ST depression in II, III, aVF and the right chest leads (V1-V3) may be due to RVH – There are negative T waves in V4-V6. Diffuse T changes are not uncommon in patients who are in heart failure. They may be due to ischemia ID 279 – Normal sinus rhythm, 80/min – Left atrial enlargement – Right axis deviation Right ventricular hypertrophy
- 11. There is ST depression in II, III, aVF and the right chest leads (V1-V3) may be due to RVH – There are negative T waves in V4-V6. Diffuse T changes are not uncommon in patients who are in heart failure. They may be due to ischemia ID 279 – Final diagnosis: Normal sinus rhythm, 80/min – Left atrial enlargement – Right axis deviation Right ventricular hypertrophy with ST-T abnormalities