The intent of this study is to evaluate three step stencil technologies and measure their effectiveness in applying different volumes of paste on the same board during the printing process. The step technologies to be evaluated are chemically etched, laser welded and micro-machined. The step down areas for each technology will be physically measured for accuracy.
Garment manufacturing process from fabric to poductKarthika M Dev
This was one of my internship project which i done in SIYARAM'S in Gujarat. This is all about the process wch going in the factory from raw materials to the finished goods After a conformed order. Hope this will be helpful.
Garment manufacturing process from fabric to poductKarthika M Dev
This was one of my internship project which i done in SIYARAM'S in Gujarat. This is all about the process wch going in the factory from raw materials to the finished goods After a conformed order. Hope this will be helpful.
Needle control is a major factor in Apparel manufacturing industry . I have developed this flow chart by accumulating the main brands standard requirement. This Flow chart made on the base of American Eagle Outfitters advice . Thanks to Mr. Simons & Mr. Prakash of AEO .
Dear Sir,
I am a Textile Engineer from Moscow State Textile university A.N. Kosigen Moscow Russia and having experience of knitwear and Apparel garments, Socks, Home Textile, Fabric inspection, Audit experience of many products while working for SGS Pakistan pvt limited Lahore office. I worked for different National and Multinational companies, While working in different departments I have knowledge from knitting & weaving, Fabric inspection both knit, woven, grey, dyed and printed fabric, Pattern checking before Production, Marker making & checking, Stitching both knit and denim, washing and washing effects, finishing.
Thanks and regards
Muhammad Zubair
Lean manufacturing tools for garment industryAzmir Latif Beg
Lean manufacturing is a unified, compressive set of philosophies, rules, guidelines, tools, and techniques for improving and optimizing discrete process.
Lean is a production practice that creates more value with less work by eliminating sources of waste.
Presentation made by Anshu Chauhan, Asstt Manager, Colorant India,at All India Seminar on Lean Management Techniques & the application for textile MSME
The intent of this study is to evaluate three step stencil technologies and measure their effectiveness in applying different volumes of paste on the same board during the printing process.
Needle control is a major factor in Apparel manufacturing industry . I have developed this flow chart by accumulating the main brands standard requirement. This Flow chart made on the base of American Eagle Outfitters advice . Thanks to Mr. Simons & Mr. Prakash of AEO .
Dear Sir,
I am a Textile Engineer from Moscow State Textile university A.N. Kosigen Moscow Russia and having experience of knitwear and Apparel garments, Socks, Home Textile, Fabric inspection, Audit experience of many products while working for SGS Pakistan pvt limited Lahore office. I worked for different National and Multinational companies, While working in different departments I have knowledge from knitting & weaving, Fabric inspection both knit, woven, grey, dyed and printed fabric, Pattern checking before Production, Marker making & checking, Stitching both knit and denim, washing and washing effects, finishing.
Thanks and regards
Muhammad Zubair
Lean manufacturing tools for garment industryAzmir Latif Beg
Lean manufacturing is a unified, compressive set of philosophies, rules, guidelines, tools, and techniques for improving and optimizing discrete process.
Lean is a production practice that creates more value with less work by eliminating sources of waste.
Presentation made by Anshu Chauhan, Asstt Manager, Colorant India,at All India Seminar on Lean Management Techniques & the application for textile MSME
The intent of this study is to evaluate three step stencil technologies and measure their effectiveness in applying different volumes of paste on the same board during the printing process.
The objective of any rework process is to duplicate as closely as possible the original manufacturing
process while not disturbing neighboring components while still meeting the original specifications and
assembly criteria of the PCB .
This paper will present a rigorous method for evaluating the performance and economic benefits of solder paste stencil nano-coatings. Criterion such as underside cleaning, bridging, transfer efficiency across SARs, solder paste deposit geometry, post-print cleaning, and abrasion resistance of the coating, will all be considered and weighted. Performance of currently available coatings will be compared. A discussion of the economic impact on current and future SMT design will be included.
Rapid Fabrication of Nylon Surgical Sutures by 3D Printingjournal ijrtem
Abstract : Non-absorbable sutures such as monofilament nylon sutures are widely used in surgical treatments. These monofilament nylon sutures are fabricated by complicated extrusion process. In this study, a 3D printer is used for the first time to produce monofilament nylon suture, which could be used for eyes surgeries and others applications. Sutures fabricated in this study have diameter various from 60 to 100 μm, with capability of holding up to 4N load, which is comparable to the ones manufactured from conventional monofilament extrusion process. Keywords: 3D printing, monofilament suture, rapid prototyping
An in depth examination of airborne lidar density measurement and reporting. This will review issues with existing methodologies and comparisons to a proposed replacement.
Mprobe system allows measuring on curved surfaces quickly and reliably by using manual probe or microscope option. There are many cases when coating on product with curved/non-flat surface. Some examples are like hardcoat layers on headlights in automotive manufacturing process,polymer or other bicompatible coating on medical implant devices,coating inside tubing.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
3. Introduction
1.1.7 Relief Etch Also
known as Etch Relief and
Under Etch. Adding an under
etch of the foil to create a
pocket for raised features,
labels, or a mulit-print
function.
1.1.22 Step Stencil A Stencil
with more than one foil
thickness level.
*IPC 7525B, “Stencil Design Guidelines”, 2011-October.
4. Introduction
Step Down Stencils:
Material thickness is
reduced in areas where
smaller components are
placed on the PWB so that
proper Area Ratios are
maintained to obtain good
paste release.
*Image from http://laser-stencil.eu/en/step_stencils/
*Step Down Stencil
5. Introduction
Step UP Stencils:
Material thickness is
increased around specific
components such as edge
connectors, large BGA’s,
D-PAK’s and other devices
to increase the volume of
paste deposited.
Step Up Stencil
6. Step Stencil Technologies
Currently there are three technologies
in the U.S. to manufacture step
stencils.
Welded Technology
Etched Technology
Micro-Machined Technology
7. Step Stencil Technologies
Photo-Chemical Etching
• Historically, the primary
method to manufacture step
stencils
• Photographic process
applies resist to areas that
will not be etched.
• Etchant is sprayed onto
surface and removes
material until the desired
thickness is achieved.
Etched Technology
8. Step Stencil Technologies
Laser Welded Technology
• The area of the step is cut
from the stencil.
• The required thickness of the
step area is cut from another
foil the exact same size.
• The new foil blank is placed
into the cut out area and the
foil is welded together.
• Apertures are then laser cut.
Laser Welded Technology
9. Step Stencil Technologies
Micro-Machining Technology
• Material is attached to cooled
vacuum plate.
• CNC based milling machine
removes very small amounts
of material at a time until
desired thickness is
achieved.
• Stepped foil is mounted to
frame and apertures are
laser cut.
Laser Welded Technology
10. Step Stencil Design
• Base stencil thickness 4 mils
(101.6 microns)
• Step Pocket Depths
(Foil Thickness)
• 3.5 mils (88.9 microns)
• 3.0 mils (76.2 microns)
• 2.5 mils (63.5 microns)
• 2.0 mils (50.8 microns)
• Each step area was 1 inch
square (25.4 mm) and the step
design is shown here.
The 3.5 Mil Step Pocket (.5 mil step depth) was not used in this paper.
11. Printing Experiment
Apertures were created for
the following components:
• 03015 Metric
• 01005
• 0.3 mm BGA
• 0.4 mm BGA
• 0.5 mm pitch QFNs.
Apertures were cut at
varying distances from the
step edges:
10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mils.
12. Printing Experiment
Data was collected after printing 10 boards with each stencil. The effects of the
FPN coating were compared to the uncoated part of the stencil on printing of
solder paste.
Fluoro-Polymer Nano (FPN) coating
13. Printing Experiment
A 10 print study was run on each step stencil using a popular no clean,
SAC305 Type 4 solder paste. The circuit boards used were bare copper clad
material 0.062” (1.57 mm) thick.
Step Stencil Contact Side with FPN Nano-Coating.
14. Equipment
Parameter Value
Squeegee Length 300 mm
Squeegee Pressure 0.18 kg/cm (5.4 kg)
Squeegee Speed 30 mm/sec
Squeegee Angle 60 degrees
Separation Speed 1.0 mm/sec
Cleaning Cycle W/V/D every print
Cleaning Solvent Isopropanol (IPA)
Solder Paste NC SAC305 T4
15. Stencil Thickness Measurements
Step
Thickness
(mils)
Step
Depth
(mils)
Etched –
Depth /
STDev
(mils)
Welded -
Depth /
STDev
(mils)
Machined -
Depth /
STDev
(mils)
2.0 2.0 2.36 / 0.11 2.08 / 0.19 2.01 / 0.17
2.5 1.5 1.69 / 0.16 1.60 / 0.18 1.25 / 0.15
3.0 1.0 1.15 / 0.19 0.97 / 0.18 1.08 / 0.17
• Chemical etching process created deeper step downs
than the nominal value
• Welding and Micro-Machining processes created steps
that are closer to the target depth.
• Overall, the standard deviations are very similar for each
technology.
19. Printing Results
Tukey-Kramer HSD Analysis for the FPN Coated, Etched 3.0 mil
Step (1 mil step down) and the 9.8 x 35.4 Aperture.
Etched Step
20. Printing Results
The printed solder paste volume is higher for the 10 and 20 mil
distances than the 50 mil distance.
Level Mean
10 A 839.52500
20 A 823.35000
40 A B 798.30000
30 A B 796.65000
50 B 776.22500
Tukey-Kramer HSD Analysis for the FPN
Coated, Etched 3.0 mil Step(1 mil step down)
and the 9.8 x 35.4 Aperture.
Etched Step
21. Printing Results
The printed solder paste volume is higher for the 10 and 20 mil
distances than the 50 mil distance for the 9.8 x 35.4 mil apertures but
smaller aperture volumes seem to be consistent from 10 – 50 mils
from the step edge.
Etched Step
8 x 9 mil AperturesPaste w/ blue U.V. dye added
26. Printing Results
Paste volume at the 10 mil distance is significantly higher than the
40 and 50 mil distances. Paste volume is significantly higher at the
20 mil distance than then 50 mil distance.
Welded Step
Level Mean
10 A 1015.3250
20 A B 988.8000
30 A B C 954.1750
40 B C 916.4750
50 C 891.8500
Connecting Letters Report
Tukey-Kramer HSD Analysis for the Uncoated,
Welded 2.5 mil Step and the 9.8 x 35.4 Aperture.
27. Printing Results
The printed solder paste volume is higher for the 10 and 20 mil
distances than the 50 mil distance for the 9.8 x 35.4 mil apertures but
smaller aperture volumes seem to be consistent from 10 – 50 mils
from the step edge.
Welded Step
8 x 9 mil AperturesPaste w/ blue U.V. dye added
31. Printing Results
Tukey-Kramer HSD Analysis for the Uncoated, Machined 2.0 mil Step (2 mil
step down) and the 8 x 9 Aperture.
Micro-Machined Step
32. Printing Results
Printed solder paste volume is significantly higher at the 10 and 20
mil distances than the 30, 40, and 50 mil distances. This is also
true for the 9.8 x 35.4 mil aperture with 2.0 mil and 2.5 mil machined
step thicknesses.
Micro-Machined Step
Connecting Letters Report
Tukey-Kramer HSD Analysis for the Uncoated, Micro-Machined
2.0 mil Step (2 mil step down) and the 8 x 9 Aperture.
Level Mean
10 A 116.82500
20 A 113.92500
40 B 104.20000
30 B 103.72500
50 B 101.42500
33. Printing Results
The printed solder paste volume is higher for the 10 and 20 mil
distances than the 50 mil distance for the 9.8 x 35.4 mil apertures but
smaller aperture volumes seem to be consistent from 10 – 50 mils
from the step edge.
Machined Step
8 x 9 mil Apertures
Paste w/ blue U.V. dye added
34. What Have We Learned About Step
Stencil Technology?
Chemical Etching, Laser Welding, and Micro-Machining
are each viable methods of producing step stencils.
The surface texture and appearance of each step
technology is different
Solder paste volumes tend to be higher 10-20 mils from
the step edge than 30-50 mils away for the QFN lead
designs (9.8 x 35.4 mil aperture).
In general, standard deviation is tighter and volume
greater for apertures coated with the FPN coating.
The smaller apertures (8, 8x9, 10 mil) tend to give
statistically similar results regardless of distance from the
step edge.
35. Future Work
Step Stencil Investigations are Ongoing
Printed paste volumes in the center of the step area will be
compared to volumes near the edge.
Non-Stepped Stencils will be made of the same thickness
as the step down areas and print studies run to compare
volumes.
Printed paste volumes from horizontal versus vertical
apertures with respect to the squeegee will be compared.
Squeegee pressure and speed will be varied and the
effects on printing down in step stencils studied.
36. Acknowledgements
Many thanks to Bill Kunkle and MET for
their support and providing Welded step
stencils for this experiment.
We also appreciate the support of Fine
Line Stencil for providing the Etched and
Machined step stencils and the nano-
coating for this experiment.