1. Electronics and electrical engineering is concerned with studying and applying electricity, electromagnetism, and electronics across many sub-disciplines like power, control systems, and telecommunications. 2. Electrical engineers work on advanced medical technologies like body scanners and in industries developing products ranging from small components to power plants. 3. To work as an electrical engineer, one needs a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering along with skills in math, science, programming, and the ability to work on complex problems. Employment of electrical engineers is expected to grow steadily in India.

1. Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
Objective ofthis report: Thisreport will provideyouabroad understandingof the Importance of Science,
Technology,EngineeringandMathematicsinIndiaandaroundthe globe and the opportunitiesavailable
for prospective employees/professionals.The reportalsooutlinesspecificcareerpathwaysandthe formal
trainingrequirementordertoqualifyforthese roles.
History
Historyof science andtechnologyinthe IndianSubcontinent beginswithprehistorichumanactivity
at Mehrgarh, inpresent-dayPakistan,andcontinuesthroughthe IndusValleyCivilization toearlystates
and empires.The Britishcolonial rule introducedsome elementsof westerneducationinIndia.Following
independence, science andtechnologyinthe Republicof India hasincluded automobileengineering,
informationtechnology, communications aswell as space,polar,andnuclearsciences.
As BritishpowerspreadacrossIndiainthe nineteenthcentury,inpartthroughthe use of superior
technology,Indianintellectual leadersbeginningwithRajaRammohanRoyrealizedthattheyneededto
understandthe revolutionthathadoccurredin Europeanknowledge systems.Eventuallytheycreated
three majornewinstitutions.
The firstwas the IndianAssociationforthe Cultivationof Science,whichwasestablishedinCalcuttain
1876 by the medical practitionerMahendraLal Sircar.
The secondwas the establishmentof the IndianInstitute of ScienceinBangalore byJamsetji N.Tata,an
industrialistfromBombay
The third institutionwasthe IndianScience Congress,whichheldin1914 the firstof a seriesof annual
meetingsof all Indianscientists.
Worldattentionwascaught bythe distinguishedworkof scientistssuchasJ. C. Bose,whoexperimented
withwirelesstransmissionbefore Marconi;MeghnadSaha,whose law of ionizationcanbe consideredthe
firsttheoretical effortinastrophysics;Nobel Prize–winnerC.V.Raman;and SatyendraNathBose,whose
unusual statisticsandworkwithEinsteinledtoaparticle descriptionof radiation.
Earlier,the mathematical geniusRamanujan(1887–1920) had representedaresponse toWestern
mathematicsthatwasin the traditional Indianidiom.Hiseducationwasnotabove the pre-universitylevel,
and inmathematicswasentirelylimitedtofamiliaritywiththe basiccompilationsof mathematical
formulasfoundinBritishmanuals.

2. By the 1930s there were several Indianswithaninternational reputationinscience,butitwasbecoming
increasinglyclearthatthe opportunitiesavailable tothemwithinthe countrywere far.Bitter
controversieseruptedamongscientificleaderswhohadtoshare veryscarce resources.Probablythe first
great Indianscientisttoflee the countryinsearchof opportunitywasthe renownedastrophysicist
Chandrasekhar(NobelPrize 1983).
Introduction
Science,Technology,EngineeringandMathematicsrefersto
Planning,managing,andprovidingscientificresearchandprofessional andtechnical services(e.g.,
physical science,social science,engineering) includinglaboratoryandtestingservices,andresearchand
developmentservices.
Pathways of STEM are:
 EngineeringandTechnology
 EngineeringScience andMath
Engineering and Technology:
EngineeringTechnology isthe partof the Technological fieldthatrequiresthe applicationof scientific
and engineeringknowledgeandmethodscombinedwithtechnical skillsinsupportof engineering
activities;itliesinthe occupationalspectrumbetweenthe craftsmanandthe engineeratthe endof the
spectrumclosesttothe engineer.
It is the professioninwhichaknowledge of mathematicsandnatural sciencesgainedbyhighereducation,
experience,andpractice isdevotedprimarilytothe implementationandextensionof existingtechnology
for the benefitof humanity.
Science,Technologyand Mathematics awards of India
Award Title Field Description
Shanti Swarup Science and It is a science awardin Indiagivenannuallyby

3. Bhatnagar Technology the Council of ScientificandIndustrial
Research (CSIR) fornotable andoutstanding
research,appliedorfundamental inBiology,
Chemistry,Environmental Science,Engineering,
Mathematics,Medicine andPhysics
FieldsMedal Mathematics FieldsMedal,officiallyknownasInternational
Medal for Outstanding Discoveriesin
Mathematics,is a prize awardedtotwo,three,or
fourmathematicians notover40 years of age at
each InternationalCongress of the International
Mathematical Union (IMU),a meetingthattakes
place everyfouryears.The FieldsMedal isoften
viewedasthe greatesthonouramathematician
can receive
India Science Award Science It isthe highestandthe mostprestigiousnational
recognitionbythe Governmentof Indiafor
outstandingcontributionto science
FieldsinEngineeringandTechnology:
Fields Description
Civil Engineering Concernwiththe Plan,design,andsupervise the
constructionandmaintenance of structuresand
facilities,includingprojectmanagement,estimating,
scheduling,businessaccounting,finance,andpublic
policyanalysis,design,methods,andmaterialsof large
structures
such as bridges,highway,watertreatmentfacilities,
and trafficandtransportationsystems.
Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Two mainstems:Mechanical Systemsuchas
automobiles.
washingmachines,etc.,andThermal Systemsuchas
powerplants,refrigeration,solarand
alternative energies
Aeronautical Engineering Concernwithdesignandanalysisof airfoils,control
system,
propulsion(turbine andreciprocatingengines)and
aircraft system.

4. Electronics& Electrical engineering Concernwithpowergenerationanddistribution,
consumerelectronicgoods,andtelecommunication
goodsand networks.
Chemical Engineering Concernwithindustrial chemicalssuchassolvents,
plastics,paints,
adhesives,etc.,andwithfoodand pharmaceuticals.
ComputerScience and IT Engineering Studyalgorithmtodescribe andtransforminformation
usingdigital computerhardware andsoftware,aswell
as programmingandexecutionof programs.
Civil Engineering
Performengineeringdutiesinplanning,designing,andoverseeingconstructionandmaintenance of
buildingstructures,andfacilities,suchasroads, railroads,airports,bridges,harbors,channels,dams,
irrigationprojects,pipelines,powerplants,andwaterandsewage systems.

5. Size of the industry(Global
/ India)
Growth rate of this
industry (Global / India)
Unique Occupations
Civil Engineer,Engineer,ProjectEngineer, ProjectManager,Structural
Engineer,CityEngineer,Civil EngineeringManager,DesignEngineer,
RailroadDesignConsultant,ResearchHydraulicEngineer
Most prominentjobs Structural Engineering
Names of key people Sir M. Visvesvaraya
Trivia on brands /
products services
Navi Mumbai,a plannedsatellite townshipof Mumbai,wasdevelopedin
1972 and isthe largestplannedtownship onthe planet
One of the Taj Mahal’smost recognizable featuresisalarge white dome
that isoftencalledan‘oniondome’due toitsshape.It hasa heightof
around35 metres(115 feet) andissurroundedby4 smallerdomes.
Major Job Roles Structural engineerManage anddirectstaff membersand the
construction,operations,ormaintenance activitiesatprojectsite.
TheyalsoProvide technical advice regardingdesign,construction,or
program modificationsandstructural repairstoindustrial andmanagerial
personnel.
Some of the majorjobroles are:
* Inspectprojectsitestomonitorprogressandensure conformance to
designspecificationsandsafetyorsanitationstandards.
* Estimate quantitiesandcostof materials,equipment,orlaborto
determine projectfeasibility.
* Prepare orpresentpublicreportsontopicssuchas bidproposals,deeds,
environmental impactstatements,orpropertyandright-of-way
descriptions.
* Plananddesigntransportationorhydraulicsystemsandstructures,
followingconstructionandgovernmentstandards,usingdesignsoftware
and drawingtools.
* Compute loadandgrade requirements,waterflow rates,ormaterial
stressfactorsto determine designspecifications.
Structural Engineering

6. What do they do in this
job?
Structural engineersare responsible for analysingdifferenttypesof
stressesandstrainsthata structure has to endure duringandafterithas
beenbuilt.The studygenerallyinvolvesthe identificationof differenttypes
of loadsthatwouldact upona structure andplansfor makingthe structure
saferfromthese loads.Structural engineersare alsoconcernedaboutthe
overall strengthof astructure whenit isbuiltsothat it can withstandthe
onslaughtof natural elementsaswell ashumanintervention
Name of the Key People
Working Environment
Structural Engineersworkinmanydifferentsettings,rangingfromquiet,
modernofficestojobsitesinremote areas.Theymaytravel frequentlyor
relocate temporarilywhileworkingona distantproject.Theymaywork
withotherprofessionalandtechnical personnel ontemporaryproject
teams.
Practical Applications
Structural engineersmake adifference andshape the builtenvironment.
Theyare people whoenjoyachallenge,responsibilityand
the excitementof aninnovative and variedcareer.Structural engineering
presentsbothcreative andtechnical challengesandrequiresexcellent
problemsolvingskills.
Education Required
10 + DiplomainCivil Engineering
Or Degree inCivil Engineering,Masterdegree isrequiredforhighestroles
or jobes
Skills required
Complex ProblemSolving,Critical Thinking,JudgmentandDecision
Making,Mathematics,OperationsAnalysis,ReadingComprehension,
Active Listening,Speaking,Time Management
Salary Levels Initially10,000 to 15,000 INR perMonth
Job Outlook
Employmentof Structural engineersisexpectedtogrow 19 percentfrom
2010 to 2020, aboutas fast as the average forall occupations.Job
openingsforStructural engineersare expectedtobe numerousthrough
2020.
Namesof Institutions/cos

7. IndianInstitutesof Technology,National Instituteof Technology, Thapar
Institute of Engineering&Technology
Timeframe to get first job
Interactions
Mechanical and Automotive Engineering

Mechanical engineersprovideefficientsolutionstothe developmentof processesandproducts,ranging
fromsmall componentdesignstoextremelylarge plant,machineryorvehicles.Theycanworkonall
stagesof a product,fromresearchand developmentto designandmanufacture,throughtoinstallation
and final commissioning.
Where Automotive engineersare involvedinthe design,manufacture andoperationof ground-based
vehicles,suchasmotorcycles,automobiles,busesandtrucksandtheirrespective engineering
subsystems.
Size of the industry(Global
/ India)
Growth rate of this
industry (Global / India)
Unique Occupations
Automotive EngineeringTechnicians,Automotive Engineers,Mechanical
EngineeringTechnologists,Mechanical Engineers,Mechatronics
Engineers,DesignEngineers,TestingEngineers,

8. Most prominentjobs ElectroMechanical Engineers
Names of key people
Trivia on brands /
products services
HighspeedpassengertrainsinChinareachspeedsof upto 350 kmph
The average Americanfamilyspent33percentof theiryearlyincome fora
newcar
Major Job Roles Mechanical engineeringtechnologistsand techniciansprovide technical
supportand servicesormaywork independentlyinmechanical
engineeringfieldssuchasthe design,development,maintenance and
testingof machines,components,tools,heatingandventilatingsystems,
powergenerationandpowerconversionplants,manufacturingplantsand
equipment.
Automotive engineerdesigns,develops,builds,testsandmodifiesmodels.
An automotive engineerdesignsandanalyzescarsystems,anddesigns
control systemsoralgorithms.These workersdevelopmethodologiesin
calibration,engineeringspecificationsandcostestimatesfornew car
designconcepts,andcontrol feature specificationsandrequirements.An
automotive engineermaybuildmodelsandtestthem.Aftertesting
models,theymaymodifytheirdesignstoobtainacertainlevel of
performance.production,manufacturingjobs
Electro Mechanical Engineers
What do they do in this
job?
Electromechanical Engineersbringthe principlesof electrical and
mechanical engineeringtothe workplace.All kindsof products,fromspace
satellitestocomputermonitors,are bothelectrical andmechanicalin
nature;Electromechanical Engineersconceptualize andbuildmachines
that use bothtechnologies
Working Environment
Electromechanical engineersare askedtoWork inoffices,in
manufacturingorindustrial plants,oronconstructionsites.Some maybe
exposedtohazardsfromequipment,chemicals,ortoxicmaterials,but
incidentsare rare as longas properproceduresare followed.Deadlinesor
otherresponsibilitiesatworkmayrequire longerhoursandovertime
Name of the Key People

9. Practical Applications
Education Required
10+ Bachelor'sdegree ineitherElectrical EngineeringorinMechanical
Engineering
Skills required
Shouldhave a strongtechnical backgroundanda creative bentisa must
for ElectromechanicalEngineers;constantlydevelopingnew ideasand
bringingthemtolife isthe crux of the job.Strengthinmath,science and
computersisnecessaryforElectromechanical Engineers,whoworkwithall
three disciplinesfrequently.Electromechanical Engineersfrequentlymake
presentationsanddrafttechnical instructions,sopublicspeakingand
writingare twoskillsworthmastering
Salary Levels Initially15,000 to 20,000 INR perMonth
Job Outlook
The current marketfor positionsinindustrial settingsiscompetitive. The
bestopportunitieswillbe forcandidateswhohave strongtechnical skills,
and whohave activelypursuedopportunitiestocombine skillsgainedin
the classroomwithpractical experience gainedthroughinternshipsand
otherfieldwork.
Namesof Institutions/cos
Timeframe to get first job Many private CompaniesandIndustriesrecruitsforthisjob,
Hence one can get tisjobwithin 2 to 3 months aftercomplitingthe degree
Interactions

10. Aerospace Engineering
Aerospace engineeringisthe primarybranchof engineeringconcernedwiththe research,design,
development, construction,testing,scienceandtechnologyof aircraftandspacecraft.Itis dividedinto
twomajor and overlappingbranches:
Aeronautical engineering
Astronautical engineering.
The Aeronautics dealswithaircraftthat operate in Earth's atmosphere,andthe Astronauticsdealswith
spacecraftsthat operate outside the Earth'satmosphere.
Size of the industry(Global
/ India)
Growth rate of this
industry (Global / India)
Unique Occupations
Aerospace Engineer,General Engineer, Meteorology, Administrative
Specialist,ITSpecialist,DesignEngineer,Model makingEngineer,
InstrumentMakingSpecialist,System Engineer, Aeronautical Engineer,
Astronautical Engineer
Most prominentjobs Aerospace Engineer
Names of key people Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, IndianAerospace Scientist
K. Radhakrishnan, scientistandthe presentchairmanof IndianSpace
ResearchOrganisation

11. Trivia on brands /
products services
Aerospace Engineer
What do they do in this
job?
Aerospace,engineerappliesscientificand technological principlesto
research,design,develop,maintainandtestthe performance of civil and
militaryaircraft,missiles,weaponssystems,satellitesandspace vehicles.
Theyalsowork onthe differentcomponentsthatmake upthese aircraft
and systems.
Working Environment
Aerospace engineersare employedinindustrieswhose workersdesignor
buildaircraft,missiles,systemsfornational defense,orspacecraft.
Aerospace engineersare employedprimarilyinanalysisanddesign,
manufacturing, industriesthatperformresearchanddevelopment.
Name of the key people A.P.J.Abdul Kalam
Practical Applications
Education Required
Aerospace engineersmusthave abachelor’sdegreeinaerospace
engineeringoranotherfieldof engineeringor science relatedtoaerospace
systems.Some aerospace engineersworkonprojectsthatare relatedto
national defense andthusrequire securityclearances.
Skills required
 strongtechnical knowledge;
 abilitytothinkcreativelyandbe innovative;
 problem-solvingandanalytical skills;
 meticulousattentiontodetail;
 a level of commercial awareness;
 strongcommunicationandteamworkingskills;
 abilitytoworkto deadlineswithself-motivation;

12.  organisational skills;
 time managementskills;
 abilitytocope withnew demandsandnew problemstobe solved;
 a love of aviation,aircraftandflighttechnology
Salary Levels 15000 to50,000 INRper month
Job Outlook
Employmentof aerospace engineersisprojectedtogrow 7 percentfrom
2012 to 2022, slowerthanthe average forall occupations.Some aerospace
engineersworkonprojectsthatare relatedtonational defenseandthus
require securityclearances
Namesof Institutions/cos
Manipal Institute of Technology,Karnataka,
IndianInstitute of TechnologyBombay(IITBombay),
Acharya Institute of Technology
Timeframe to get first job Numberof studientsenteringtothisfieldislesswhencompare toother
fieldssothere isnoneedtowaittill the turn.
Interactions
Electronics & Electrical Engineering

13. ElectronicsandElectrical engineeringisconcernedwiththe study andapplicationof electricity,
electromagnetismandelectronics.Andmanysub-disciplines,includingpower,control systems,
electronicsandtelecommunications.Electrical engineeringisalsobehindsomeof the mostadvanced
medical developments,suchas bodyscanners
Size of the industry(Global
/ India)
Growth rate of this
industry (Global / India)
Unique Occupations
Electrical andElectronicEngineeringTechnicians,Electrical Engineers,
EngineeringTeachers,EngineeringTechnicians,Industrial Engineering
Technicians,ManufacturingEngineeringTechnologists,Manufacturing
Engineers
Most prominentjobs Electrical Engineer
Names of key people Amar Gopal Bose, FounderandChairmanof Bose Corporation
Trivia on brands /
products services
Major Job Roles Electrical andelectronicengineeringtechnicianshelpengineersdesignand
developcomputers,communications equipment,medical monitoring
devices,navigationalequipment,andotherelectrical andelectronic
equipment.Theyoftenworkinproductevaluationandtesting,using
measuringanddiagnosticdevicestoadjust,test,andrepairequipment.
Electrical Engineer
Electrical engineerwill be involvedwithdesigning,developingand
maintainingelectrical control systems,machineryandequipment.

14. What do they do in this
job?
Theycouldworkin a verywide range of sectors,including transport
networks,powergeneration,transmissionanddistribution,
manufacturing, buildingservices,telecommunications aswell as scientific
and militaryresearch.
Working Environment
There are manytypesof companieshave use foran electrical engineer's
services, butmostelectrical engineersare employedbyengineeringfirms,
and businessesinthe manufacturingandresearchindustries.
Electrical engineerstypicallyworkinoffice environments,thoughtheymay
needtovisitsitestoobserve andcorrect some problems.
Some electrical engineersare able tomaintainaregularworkingschedule,
while others(particularlythosewhoworkwithalot of tightdeadlines) may
findthemselvesworkinglongnightsandweekendstomeettheirgoals.
Name of the Key People
Practical Applications
Education Required
A minimumof abachelor'sdegree inelectrical engineeringisrequiredfor
careersin thisprofession,thoughamaster'sdegree issometimesrequired
for advancement.Some universitiesofferafive year programin electrical
engineeringthatgive graduatesbothabachelor'sanda master's
Skills required
One shouldhave Keeninterestinsubjectslike maths,physics,ITand
technical drawing.One should be a strongcommunicator,capable of
communicating ideastoa wide range of colleagues,manyof whommay
not have an understandingaboutelectronicsorelectrical engineering.One
shouldbe able towork witha broadvarietyof otherprofessionals,
includingITspecialists,architects,techniciansandotherengineers.
Salary Levels 15,000 to 30,000 INR PerMonth
Electrical Engineeringfreshgraduatescanfindjobsbothinpublicand
private sector.Howeverthe private companiesprovide goodsalaryas
comparedto the governmentones.Among the largestemployers
of electrical engineers are computer,telecommunicationsandconsumer
electronicscompanies

15. Job Outlook
Namesof Institutions/cos
Atria Institute of Technology,B.N.M. Institute of Technology,Dayananda
Sagar College of Engineering
Timeframe to get first job
Interactions
Chemical Engineering
. Chemical engineeringisabranchof engineeringthatappliesthe physical scienceslike
chemistry andphysics andlife scienceslike biology,microbiology biochemistry togetherwith
mathematicsandeconomicstoproduction,transformation,transportationandproperusage of
molecules,chemicals,materialsandenergy.Modern chemical engineers are concernedwithprocesses
that convertraw-materialsorchemicalsintomore useful orvaluableforms.Inaddition,theyare also
concernedwithpioneeringvaluable materialsandrelatedtechniques –whichare oftenessentialto
relatedfieldssuchas nanotechnology,fuel cells andbioengineering

16. Size of the industry(Global
/ India)
Growth rate of this
industry (Global / India)
Unique Occupations
Chemical Engineers,Biochemist,Chemist,PoylmerandPaintEngineer,Bio-
molecularEngineer,MolecularEngineer, Analytical chemist,Clinical
biochemist,Forensicscientist,Pharmacologist,Researchscientist(physical
sciences),Science writer,Toxicologis
Most prominentjobs Chemist
Names of key people RakeshAgarwal, Ramani Ayer
Trivia on brands /
products services
In the modernage,there are 5 knownphasesof matter,Solid,Liquid,Gas,
Plasmaand Bose Einsteinium
Oxygenisnotthe most abundantelementinouratmosphere.The most
abundantelementisNitrogen,78% while Oxygen is21% and Argonisjust
short of 1%. CarbonDioxide andtrace elementsmake upthe rest.
Major Job Roles Chemical Engineersmustdevelopsafetyprocedurestobe employedby
workersoperatingequipmentorworkinginclose proximitytoon-going
chemical reactions.TheymustTroubleshootproblemswithchemical
manufacturingprocessesandConductresearchtodevelopnewand
improvedchemical manufacturingprocesses.One should Evaluate
chemical equipmentandprocessestoidentifywaystooptimize
performance orto ensure compliance withsafetyandenvironmental
regulationsandPerformtestsandmonitorperformanceof processes
throughoutstagesof productiontodetermine degree of control over
variablessuchastemperature,density,specificgravity,andpressure.
Chemist
What do they do in this
Chemistsinvestigateandmanipulate liquid,gasandsolidsubstancesto
produce productssuch as fuel,pharmaceuticalsandplastics.Theymay
analyze datain offices,performexperimentsinlabsorobserve processes
on factoryfloors.Theyoftenworkinteamswithmanufacturing,marketing
and otherscientificpersonnel.Theymustperformcertainkeydutiestobe

17. job? effectiveattheirpositions
Working Environment
Chemistmayanalyze datainoffices,performexperimentsinlabsor
observe processesonfactoryfloors.Chemists'general dutiesdependon
where theywork.Forexample,inmanufacturing,theyfindwaysto
produce chemical productsmore efficientlyandmore safely.Inacademia,
theyfocuson researchingsubstancesdowntothe atomiclevel,publishing
theirdiscoveriesandpresentinginformationinlecture halls
Name of the Key People
Practical Applications
Education Required
A minimumof abachelor'sdegree inChemical engineeringis requiredor
else Degree in relevantsubjectsuchas chemistry,applied/analytical
chemistryorbiochemistryisnormallyrequiredforentryintothe
profession.Practical research/laboratoryworkexperience ishelpful
thougha master'sdegree issometimesrequiredforadvancement.
Skills required
Strongknowledge onChemicalsandChemical Reactionslogicaland
independentmind,motivationandabilitytosolve complex problems,a
systematicapproachtotasks,theoretical knowledge of analytical
techniques,the abilitytodevelopandvalidate new methods,excellentIT
skills,numerical andanalytical ability,teamworking,responsibility,
communicationandpresentationskills
Salary Levels 15,000 to 25,000 INR PerMonth
Job Outlook
There are a lotof differentemploymentopportunitiesopentochemists.
Through2016 the employmentrate forchemistsisexpectedtogrow at the
same rate as the average forall occupations.The fastestgrowthis
expectedinbiotechnologyandthe pharmaceuticalsindustry,withgood
opportunitiesinfoodscience,materialsscience,andanalytical chemistry.

18. Namesof Institutions/cos
R V College of Engineering,BMSCollege of Engineering,IndianInstitute of
Science
Timeframe to get first job In thisfieldone cangetthe job veryearlywhencompare tootherfields
Interactions
Computer Science and ITEngineering
Computerscience isthe scientificandpractical approachto computation anditsapplications.Itisthe
systematicstudyof the feasibility,structure,expression,andmechanizationof the methodical processes
(or algorithms) thatunderlie the acquisition,representation,processing,storage,communication
and accessto information
Its subfieldscanbe dividedintoavarietyof theoretical andpractical disciplines.Some fields,such
as computational complexitytheory are highlyabstract,whilefieldssuchas computer
graphicsemphasize real-worldvisualapplications.Stillotherfieldsfocuson the challengesin
implementingcomputation.Forexample, programminglanguage theory considersvariousapproaches
to the descriptionof computation,whilstthe studyof computerprogrammingitself investigatesvarious
aspectsof the use of programminglanguage andcomplex systems.Human-computer
interaction considersthe challengesinmakingcomputersandcomputationsuseful,usable,
and universallyaccessibletohumans.
Growth rate of this
industry (Global / India)

19. Size of the industry(Global
/ India)
Unique Occupations
ComputerHardware Engineers,ComputerProgrammers,Software
developers,Software Engineers,Softwaretesters,Hardware and
Networkingengineers, systemsengineer,solutionsspecialist,technical
designer,Videogame Designer, ITconsultant,applicationspecialist,Web
designer,webproducer,multimediaarchitect,internetengineer,
ComputerandInformationScientist
Most prominentjobs Videogame designer
Names of key people Narayana Murthy Infosys
Trivia on brands /
products services
Major Job Roles Computerengineersare responsible fordesigning,developing,
implementingandtestingcomputer-basedhardware andsoftware,
includingthe componentsthatare foundinside computerequipment,as
well asthe actual devicesthatcontainthe computersandthe software
that runson those machines.Theymayalsodesignnetworksthatconnect
computersystems,andworkonintegratingsoftware programswith
computerhardware.
IT engineershelptomeettheiremployer'sneedsforcomputerhardware,
software and networkingtools.Theyworktodevelop,test,install,
configure andtroubleshootcomputerhardware andsoftware.Aspartof
thisprocess,theyworkto create properdocumentation,diagramsand
otherdetailedinstructionstohelpotheremployeesmake the bestuse of
newtechnologies.
Video game designer
What do they do in this
job?
Videogame designerswrite anddebugcomputercode todevelopgames
for a verityof platforms.Theydetermine the conceptanddesignof the
game,sketchand storyboard whatthe game will looklikeandcreate a
limitedversionof the audioandvideoof theirgame.Videogame designers
maintainflow chartsof the activitiesandpeople involvedindesignand
development.Eachversionof the game isredesignedandtesteduntil the
problemsandflowsare eliminated.
Videogame designersworkindoorsinofficesorroomswhere specialized
machinesandtoolsare available suchascomputers,graphics,audioand

20. Working Environment
Soundequipment.
Designingavideogame takesalongtime and some programmerswho
workalone have a difficulttime withthe lengthyprocess.Overtime may
be expectedwithverylonghoursnecessarytomeetdeadlines
Name of the Key People
Practical Applications
Education Required
Most employerspreferajobapplicanttohave a Bachelor’sdegree in
ComputerScience or ComputerEngineeringOne totwoyearsof
programmingexperienceisessential.IndividualswithaMaster’sDegree in
ComputerScience have a I betterjoboutlookEmployers prefercandidates
to have experience invariousprogramminglanguages.A love of video
gamesisa plus .
Skills required
A computergamesdesignershould be creative,imaginativeandoriginal
and fluentinanumberof software packages.He shouldhave a thorough
understandingof the marketandtargetaudience forcomputergamesand
have a problem-solvingskillsandstorytellingability.He shouldhave a
excellentcommunicationandpresentationskillsandunderstandthe
capabilitiesandbenefitsof differenthardware includingPCs,consolesand
mobile devices,aswell asthe relevantsoftware technologiesand
techniques
Salary Levels Minimumof 15.000 INR permonth
Job Outlook
Advancementinvideogame programmingprimarilydependsonthe
programmer’sskills,andhow quicklyhe/sheisable toimprove upon
those.Conceptsof game programmingare undergoingrapidchangeswith
everypassingyear,andthe fastera videogame programmercan adaptto
the continuouslyevolvingtrends,the betterhis/hercareerprospects

21. Namesof Institutions/cos
Virtualinfocom, Manipal institute of Science
Timeframe to get first job As itis one of the Unique fieldand itdependsonthe creativityone canget
the job while studyingonlyorwithin2 or 3 monthsaftercomplitingthe
course
Interactions
Engineering Science and Math
Our worldischanging.Today,we relyonmathematicsandscience inwayswe couldnot imagine thirty
yearsago. Innovationsintechnologyhelpuscommunicate acrossthe globe withease throughsatellites,
the internet,andcell phones.Theyalsohelpuseverydaytowork betterandevenpayour billson-line.
Advancesinmedicine andscienceimproveourhealthandhelpustounderstandthe worldaroundus.
From balancingahouseholdbudgettopreparingyourtaxestofollowingarecipe,mathematicsand
science toucheverypartof our lives.
Fields inScience andMath
 Biologist
 Economist
 Physicist
 Mathematician
Fields Description
Biologist Biologistsstudylivingthingslike animalsor
plants,andthe worldaround them, to
increase ourknowledgeandunderstanding
of areassuch as the environment,genetics,
and animal orplant biology
Economist EconomistConductresearch,prepare
reports,or formulate planstoaddress
economicproblemsrelatedtothe
productionanddistributionof goodsand

22. servicesormonetaryandfiscal policy.May
collectandprocesseconomicandstatistical
data usingsamplingtechniquesand
econometricmethods.
Physicist PhysicistConductresearchintophysical
phenomena,developtheoriesonthe basis
of observationandexperiments,anddevise
methodstoapplyphysical lawsand
theories
Mathematician MathematiciansConductresearchin
fundamental mathematicsandapplythe
applicationof mathematical techniquesto
science,management,andotherfields.
Theyalsovsolve problemsinvariousfields
usingmathematical methods
Biologist
Biologistsisone whostudy livingthingslikeanimalsorplants,andthe worldaroundthem, thisto
increase ourknowledgeandunderstandingof areassuchas the environment,genetics,andanimal or
plantbiology

23. Size of the industry(Global
/ India)
Growth rate of this
industry (Global / India)
Unique Occupations
Microbiologists,Physiologists,Geneticists,ZoologistsandEcologists
Most prominentjobs Zoologist
Names of key people Gopal Chandra Bhattacharya,Entomologist
SalimAli, Ornithologist
Trivia on brands /
products services
 A chameleoncanmove itseyesintwodirectionsatthe same time
 A newbornkangarooisabout1 inchinlength
 An average strawberryhasabout200 seeds.Anditis the onlyfruit
that bearsitsseedsonthe outside
Why thisfieldisimportant Thisfieldisimportantwithrespecttothe environmentalaspectsandit
increasesthe Richnessof the nation.
It isalso importantformanyof researchwhichishelpful formedical field.
Zoologist
What do they do in this
job?
Zoologists study the habitats and characteristics of animals and wildlife.
They use their research for many different purposes. Some of the research
that zoologists do is based purely on observation. They might observe how
one species reacts to another, how they interact with their habitat, what
their reproductive habits are, and how they socialize with other members
of their species. Most zoologists choose to specialize in studying one
particular species. Insects, fish, mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles
are some of the most common specialties, but many zoologists specialize
evenfurtherandstudyonlyone type of animal withinaspecies.
Working Environment
Zoologistusedtocarry theirworkinIndustries,ResearchCenters,
Laboratory as well asinfieldsandForestareasalso
Zoologistsspendalotof time inthe field,where theyobserve animalsin
theirhabitatsandcollectfielddata.Dependingonthe animal thata
zoologistisstudying,extendedtravel toremote regionsof the earthmay
be required.
Fieldworkcanbe verydemanding.Zoologistshave toworkinall typesof
weatherandclimates.
Name of the Key People

24. Practical Applications
Education Required
A minimumof abachelor'sdegree inecology,zoology,orwildlife biologyis
requiredformostentrylevel zoologistpositions.Zoologistsneedtohave a
well-roundedscientificbackground,andthese programsnormallyinclude
coursesinwildlife management,ecology,botany,andchemistry.
Skills required
To become a zoologist,one should have an interestinanimalsandthe
environment, anaptitude forscience,particularlybiologyandchemistry.
The abilitytocarry outdetailedworkaccuratelyandmethodically andthe
abilitytoplanresearch,analyse andinterpret data,andwrite reports
One shouldhave a practical skills,problem-solvingskills
patience,perseverance andthe abilitytoconcentrate forlongperiodsand
the abilitytoworkas part of a multi-disciplinaryteam
Salary Levels 15,000 to 50,000 INR permonth
Job Outlook
The overall joboutlookfor Zoologistscareers hasbeenpositivesince 2004.
Vacanciesforthiscareerhave increasedby15.88 percentnationwide in
that time,withanaverage growthof 2.65 percentperyear.Demandfor
ZoologistsandWildlife Biologistsisexpectedtogoup, withanexpected
4,560 newjobsfilledby2018. Thisrepresentsanannual increase of 3.27
percentoverthe nextfew years.
Namesof Institutions/cos
KKECSInstitute of Life Science,DayanandaSagarCollegeof Biological
Sciences, SIESCollegeof Arts,Science &Commerce

25. Timeframe to get first job As itis one of the growingfieldone cangetthe jobwithin3 monthsafter
the complitionof the course
Interactions
Economist
Economistsstudythe waysa societyusesscarce resourcessuchas land,labor,raw materials,and
machinerytoproduce goodsand services.Theyanalyze the costsand benefitsof distributingand
consumingthese goodsandservices.Economistsconductresearch,collectandanalyze data,monitor
economictrends,anddevelopforecasts.Theirresearchmightfocusontopicssuchas energycosts,
inflation,interestrates,farmprices,rents,imports,oremployment.
Size of the industry(Global
/ India)
Growth rate of this
industry (Global / India)
Unique Occupations
Economist,EconomicAnalyst,Professor,Professorof Economics,Economic
Consultant,Project Economist,ForensicEconomist,HealthResearcher,
ResearchAnalyst,EconomicAnalysisDirector
Most prominentjobs Economist
Names of key people Dr. ShankarAcharya, B. R. Ambedkar, Dr.YoginderKAlagh
Trivia on brands / Developmentexpenditure of the Central governmentdoesnotinclude

26. products services defence expenditure
The conditionof indirecttaxesinthe country'srevenue isapproximately
86 percent
Deficitfinancingmeansthatthe governmentborrowsmoneyfromthe RBI
Why thisfieldisimportant WithRespectto the financial Statusof the country,organization,Company
and otherSectorseconomistplaysanimportantrole.
To knowthe up’s anddownsof energycosts,inflation,interestrates,farm
prices,rents,imports,oremploymentEconomistsare necessary
Economist
What do they do in this
job?
The work of the economist is to Conduct research, prepare reports, or
formulate plans to address economic problems related to the production
and distribution of goods and services or monetary and fiscal policy. May
collect and process economic and statistical data using sampling
techniquesandeconometricmethods.
Working Environment
Althoughthe majorityof economistsworkindependentlyinanoffice,
some collaborate withothereconomistsandstatisticians.Most
economistsworkfull time duringregularbusinesshours,butoccasionally
theyworklonghours to meetdeadlines
Name of the Key People
Practical Applications
Education Required
Most economistsneedamaster’s degree orPh.D.However,some entry-
level jobsare availableforworkerswithabachelor’sdegree

27. Skills required
Analytical skills:Beinganeconomistinvolvesalotof analysis
of eventsandeconomicvariablesassuchone musthave excellent
analytical skillssoasto draw reasonable conclusions.
Interpretationof statistics: Numerical figuresandstatisticsare an
everydaythingforaneconomistandas such one musthave the skill to
understandandinterpretstatistics.
Forecastingskills:Economics isa historical,presentandforwardlooking
area and everyeconomicsmusthave the skillstoprovide accurate
forecastsoneconomicvariables.Infactan economistisgaugedbytheir
abilitytoprovide accurate forecasts.
Salary Levels 20,000 to 50,000 INR Permonth
Job Outlook
Employmentof economistsisprojectedtogrow 14 percentfrom2012 to
2022, aboutas fast as the average forall occupations.Jobprospectsshould
be bestfor those witha master’sdegree orPh.D.,stronganalytical skills,
and relatedworkexperience.
Namesof Institutions/cos
Agro-EconomicResearchCentre, BirlaInstitute of Management
Technology,MaharajaSayajiraoUniversityof Baroda, Delhi School of
Economics
Timeframe to get first job There are Many openingsforthe Economistinvarioussectorslike Banking
Finance,GovernamentandmanyResearchCenters soitisnot toughto get
a job as economistS
Interactions
Physicist

28. Physicistsstudythe lawsandpropertiesthatgovernmatter,space,time,andenergy.Because physics
appliestoeverythinginthe universeandnobodycaneverhope tounderstandall of it,physicists
normallyspecialize inasubfield.Here are some examplesof popularspecializationsare Atomic,
molecular,andoptical physicists,Astrophysicists,Particleandnuclearphysicists ,Medical physicists ,
Condensedmatterphysicistsandsoon.
Size of the industry(Global
/ India)
Unique Occupations
HealthPhysicist,Scientist,ResearchScientist,Physicist,Research
Consultant,ResearchPhysicist,BiophysicsScientist, Astrophysicists,
Particle andnuclearphysicists ,Medical physicists ,Condensedmatter
physicists
Growth rate of this
industry(Global /India)
Most prominentjobs Physicist
Names of key people C. V Raman, A. P Balachandran, T .V Ramakrishnan
Trivia on brands /
products services
A rubberbandshrinkswhenheatedandexpandswhencooledbecauseof
the change in itsEntropy state.
Due to the effectof Thermal Expansion,the Eiffel Towerisupto15cm
tallerinsummer
The world'sdensestwood,the BlackIronwood(Olealaurifolia),doesnot

29. floaton waterand therefore sinks.
Why thisfieldisimportant Thisfieldisimportantbecause itgeneratesfundamentalknowledge
requiredfortechnological advancement,itextendsandenhancesour
understandingof otherdisciplinesanditcontributestoourtechnological
infrastructure.Formanyof the inventionsandresearchforthe betterment
of the nationandsocietyphysicistsare necessary
Physicist
What do they do in this
job?
Physicists study the ways in which various forms of matter and energy
interact. Theoretical physicists may study the nature of time or the origin
of the universe. Physicists in applied fields may develop new military
technologies or new sources of energy, or monitor space debris that could
endangersatellites
Working Environment
Physicistsspendmuchof theirtime workinginoffices,buttheyalso
conduct researchinlaboratoriesandobservatories.Mostphysicistswork
full time.
Practical Applications
Education Required
A minimumof amaster'sdegree isrequiredtoworkas a physicist,buta
Ph.D.inphysicsisrequiredformostpositions.
Skills required
To be a physicistone shouldhave followingskills
Good scientificandmathematical knowledge
an enquiringmind
Clearand logical thinking,withgoodproblemsolvingskills

30. Methodical approachto work,witha highlevel of accuracy
Good communicationandpresentationskills
reportwritingskills
Abilitytoworkbothas part of a teamand on yourown
Team leadershipandprojectmanagementskills
Good understandingof statisticsandrelevantcomputerpackages
Willingnesstowork flexiblyandadaptto change
Salary Levels 20000 to50000 INRPer month
Job Outlook
EmploymentforPhysicisthigherthanthe average forall occupations.
Some physicistworkonResearchthatare relatedtonational defense and
some medical inventions.Hence there are more opportunitiesforPhysicist
Namesof Institutions/cos
Timeframe to get first job Aftercomplitingthe course Dependingonthe fieldof intrestone canjoin
to any of the researchinstitute orlabs
Interactions
Mathematician

31. Mathematician Conduct research in fundamental mathematics or in application of mathematical
techniques to science, management, and other fields. They Solve problems in various fields using
mathematical methods. Important subjects related to mathematics include computer science, physics
and English. Mathematicians usually have analytical minds, good communication skills and the ability to
thinkabstractly
Size of the industry(Global
/ India)
Growth rate of this
industry (Global / India)
Unique Occupations
Mathematician,Algebraist,CipherExpert,Cryptanalyst,Cryptographer,
EngineeringMathematician,Geometrician, Agent-BasedModeler,
Computational Scientist,Cryptographer,CryptographicVulnerability
Analyst,Directorof Quantitative Research,EmergingSolutionsExecutive,
Image Scientist,LeadSimulationModelingEngineer,ResearchScientist,
Scientist,Teacher,Professor,

32. Most prominentjobs Mathematician
Names of key people Brahmagupta, Varahamihira
Trivia on brands /
products services
Everythingyoucando witha rulerand a compass youcan do withthe
compassalone,
Amongall shapeswiththe same perimeteracircle has the largestarea
Amongall shapeswiththe same area circle has the shortestperimeter
Why thisfieldisimportant Mathematicsisveryimportantinlife forpersonal use andbusinessuse.In
our personal life,we willuse mathematicstopaybills,balance your
checkbook,cook,andschedule ourtime.Dependingonwhatbusiness
we're in,we coulduse mathematicsinourdutiesbuteveryone usesitto
verifytheirpay.
Hence mathematicsisimportant
Mathematician
What do they do in this
job?
Mathematician have an extensiveknowledge of mathematics whouses
thisknowledge intheirwork,typicallytosolve mathematical problems.
Mathematiciansinvolvedwithsolvingproblemsoutside of pure
mathematicsare called appliedmathematicians.Appliedmathematicians
are mathematical scientistswho,withtheirspecializedknowledge
and professional methodology,approachmanyof the imposingproblems
presentedinrelatedscientificfields.Withprofessionalfocusona wide
varietyof problems,theoretical systems,andlocalizedconstructs,applied
mathematiciansworkregularlyinthe studyandformulation

33. of mathematical models
Working Environment
Mathematiciansusuallyworkincomfortableoffices.Theyoftenare partof
an interdisciplinaryteamthatmayinclude economists,engineers,
computerscientists,physicists,technicians,andothers.Deadlines,
overtime work,specialrequestsforinformationoranalysis,andprolonged
travel to attendseminarsorconferencesmaybe partof theirjobs.
Mathematicianswhoworkinacademiausuallyhave amix of teachingand
researchresponsibilities.These mathematiciansoftenconductresearch
alone,orare aidedbygraduate studentsinterestedinthe topicbeing
researched.
Some of the MathematiciansworksatSchools,Collegeswhere teachingis
theirprofession
Practical Applications
Education Required
To become a Mathematicianone shouldhave a degree inthe fieldof
Mathematics.Butfor Researchand Higherlevel jobsmasterdegree and
Ph.D.inthe fieldof Mathematicsisrequired
Skills required
A mathematicianneedsExcellentmathematical knowledgeandability,
StrongConceptual theoretical andanalytical skills,strongfocusandmental
stamina,perseverance problemsolving
Salary Levels 15000 to45,000 INRper month
Job Outlook
Employmentof mathematiciansare growingdaybyday,reflectingthe
reductioninthe numberof jobswiththe title 'mathematician.'Asaresult,
competitionisexpectedtobe keenforthe limitednumberof jobsas
mathematicians.Master'sandPh.D.degree holderswithastrong
backgroundinmathematicsanda relateddiscipline,suchasengineeringor
computerscience,shouldhave the bestopportunities

34. Namesof Institutions/cos
Chennai Mathematical Institute,IndianInstitute of Technology,Roorkee
Timeframe to get first job In Indiamanyof the mathematicianmakesteachingastheirprofession.So
there isno needtowaitaftercompletingthe degree
There will be openingismanyof the schoolsandColleges.
and insome of the researchcentersandcompaniesalso
Interactions