This document provides an overview of image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) for lung cancer. It discusses the role of IGRT in managing tumor motion through techniques like breath hold methods, free breathing with gating or tracking, and 4D imaging. Segmentation of the tumor and organs at risk on 4D CT scans is covered. Dose fractionation schedules and biological effective dose calculations for hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy are reviewed. Toxicities, outcomes, and challenges of IGRT in lung cancer are also mentioned.
1) This study compared parotid sparing intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to conventional radiation therapy in patients with head and neck cancer.
2) It found significantly lower rates of grade 2 or worse xerostomia at 1 and 2 years for patients receiving IMRT compared to conventional radiation.
3) IMRT also resulted in improved saliva flow and quality of life scores compared to conventional radiation with comparable overall survival and progression-free survival between the two groups.
1. The document evaluates volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for craniospinal irradiation (CSI) treatment planning.
2. It aims to standardize and simplify the CSI planning technique while improving dose conformity and homogeneity in the target volume and reducing dose to organs at risk.
3. VMAT plans for 4 patients using 3 isocenters and 2 arcs each achieved good target coverage with a conformity index of 0.99 and homogeneity index of 1.13 on average while sparing organs at risk.
introduction to Intensity modulated radiation therapyRahim Gohar
IMRT is an advanced form of radiation therapy that uses modulated beam intensities to more precisely target tumors while reducing radiation exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. It involves inverse planning where dose and volume constraints for the tumor and organs at risk are specified upfront. The treatment planning system then optimizes beam fluence maps through multiple iterations to achieve the desired dose distribution. Final treatment delivery involves either segmented or dynamic modulation of the multileaf collimator to sculpt the radiation beam according to the optimal fluence map calculated during planning.
Dampak Pembangunan Perumahan terhadap Perekonomian IndonesiaOswar Mungkasa
Kajian ini diharapkan dapat memebri masukan bagi tinjauan kebijakan perumahan di Indonesia. dilaksanakan bekerjasama dengan Biro Perencanaan dan Anggaran Kementerian Perumahan Rakyat
THE USE OF MICRO- AND MACRO-AUTORADIOGRAPHY TO STUDY THE TISSUE DISTRIBUTION ...QPS Holdings, LLC
Objectives:
To educate about the methods used to perform Quantitative Whole-Body Autoradiography (QWBA) and Micro-Autoradiography (MARG) to facilitate an understanding of the benefits and limitations of the techniques.
To present examples of how QWBA and MARG have been used to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate drugs.
The document discusses advances in radiation therapy for lung cancer including intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT), and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). IGRT uses daily imaging to precisely target tumors and reduces margins needed around tumors. SRT delivers very high radiation doses in one to five fractions directly to tumors, achieving high local control rates for stage I lung cancer. Tomotherapy is highlighted as it provides IGRT capabilities and can perform SRT without needing fiducial markers for targeting.
Strategi dan Kebijakan Pembangunan Wilayah Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI)Dadang Solihin
Strategi dan Kebijakan Pembangunan Wilayah Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI) membahas strategi untuk mengurangi ketimpangan antara wilayah barat dan timur Indonesia dengan meningkatkan infrastruktur, investasi, dan kapasitas SDM di wilayah KTI."
This document provides an overview of image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) for lung cancer. It discusses the role of IGRT in managing tumor motion through techniques like breath hold methods, free breathing with gating or tracking, and 4D imaging. Segmentation of the tumor and organs at risk on 4D CT scans is covered. Dose fractionation schedules and biological effective dose calculations for hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy are reviewed. Toxicities, outcomes, and challenges of IGRT in lung cancer are also mentioned.
1) This study compared parotid sparing intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to conventional radiation therapy in patients with head and neck cancer.
2) It found significantly lower rates of grade 2 or worse xerostomia at 1 and 2 years for patients receiving IMRT compared to conventional radiation.
3) IMRT also resulted in improved saliva flow and quality of life scores compared to conventional radiation with comparable overall survival and progression-free survival between the two groups.
1. The document evaluates volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for craniospinal irradiation (CSI) treatment planning.
2. It aims to standardize and simplify the CSI planning technique while improving dose conformity and homogeneity in the target volume and reducing dose to organs at risk.
3. VMAT plans for 4 patients using 3 isocenters and 2 arcs each achieved good target coverage with a conformity index of 0.99 and homogeneity index of 1.13 on average while sparing organs at risk.
introduction to Intensity modulated radiation therapyRahim Gohar
IMRT is an advanced form of radiation therapy that uses modulated beam intensities to more precisely target tumors while reducing radiation exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. It involves inverse planning where dose and volume constraints for the tumor and organs at risk are specified upfront. The treatment planning system then optimizes beam fluence maps through multiple iterations to achieve the desired dose distribution. Final treatment delivery involves either segmented or dynamic modulation of the multileaf collimator to sculpt the radiation beam according to the optimal fluence map calculated during planning.
Dampak Pembangunan Perumahan terhadap Perekonomian IndonesiaOswar Mungkasa
Kajian ini diharapkan dapat memebri masukan bagi tinjauan kebijakan perumahan di Indonesia. dilaksanakan bekerjasama dengan Biro Perencanaan dan Anggaran Kementerian Perumahan Rakyat
THE USE OF MICRO- AND MACRO-AUTORADIOGRAPHY TO STUDY THE TISSUE DISTRIBUTION ...QPS Holdings, LLC
Objectives:
To educate about the methods used to perform Quantitative Whole-Body Autoradiography (QWBA) and Micro-Autoradiography (MARG) to facilitate an understanding of the benefits and limitations of the techniques.
To present examples of how QWBA and MARG have been used to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate drugs.
The document discusses advances in radiation therapy for lung cancer including intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT), and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). IGRT uses daily imaging to precisely target tumors and reduces margins needed around tumors. SRT delivers very high radiation doses in one to five fractions directly to tumors, achieving high local control rates for stage I lung cancer. Tomotherapy is highlighted as it provides IGRT capabilities and can perform SRT without needing fiducial markers for targeting.
Strategi dan Kebijakan Pembangunan Wilayah Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI)Dadang Solihin
Strategi dan Kebijakan Pembangunan Wilayah Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI) membahas strategi untuk mengurangi ketimpangan antara wilayah barat dan timur Indonesia dengan meningkatkan infrastruktur, investasi, dan kapasitas SDM di wilayah KTI."
This document discusses recursive partitioning analysis (RPA), a statistical tool used to identify significant prognostic factors and classify patients into groups with similar outcomes. RPA has been used to analyze data from clinical trials in high-grade glioma (HGG) and brain metastasis patients. Key factors like age, performance status, extent of surgery, and molecular alterations help divide patients into prognostic classes. More recent studies have refined RPA models by incorporating additional molecular data to better stratify patients and guide treatment decisions.
This document provides an overview of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS can be used to analyze the chemical composition of tissues by detecting signals from nuclei such as hydrogen-1, carbon-13, phosphorus-31, and fluorine-19. It describes various MRS techniques including single voxel spectroscopy, multi-voxel spectroscopy, PRESS, and STEAM pulse sequences. The document also discusses chemical shift, methods for suppressing water and lipid signals, and applications and limitations of MRS.
Brain metastasis is a common complication of systemic cancers. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective treatment modality for patients with a limited number of brain metastases and good performance status. SRS provides high local tumor control rates comparable to surgery but is non-invasive. While SRS alone risks new metastases developing elsewhere in the brain, combining SRS with whole brain radiation therapy improves local and distant brain control but increases risks of cognitive decline. Patient prognosis depends on factors like performance status, number and size of metastases, and control of the primary cancer.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive imaging technique that measures metabolite levels in tissues. It works by detecting signals from atomic nuclei such as hydrogen placed in a strong magnetic field. MRS is useful for evaluating brain tumors, infections, demyelinating diseases, and neurodegenerative conditions. It provides diagnostic information by analyzing peak levels of metabolites including NAA, creatine, choline, and lactate. MRS can help distinguish tumors from other lesions, detect radiation necrosis, and monitor treatment response. It is also used to diagnose inborn errors of metabolism and mitochondrial disorders.
Digital images can be manipulated mathematically by treating pixel brightness values as numbers. This document discusses various digital image processing techniques including:
1. Image rectification to correct geometric distortions and calibrate radiometric data. This involves techniques like geometric corrections to adjust for sensor distortions and radiometric corrections to standardize brightness values.
2. Image enhancement techniques like contrast stretching to increase image contrast and improve feature detection. Methods include linear stretches, histogram equalization, and logarithmic transforms.
3. Local operations called spatial filtering that modify pixel values based on neighboring pixels. This can emphasize or de-emphasize certain image features or spatial frequencies to enhance details or reduce noise.
El documento resume la evolución y estado actual de la radioterapia en el cáncer de mama. Explica que la radioterapia adyuvante reduce la recurrencia local y puede mejorar la supervivencia, especialmente en pacientes con ganglios axilares positivos. También discute el uso de la radioterapia post-mastectomía para reducir la recurrencia local en pacientes de alto riesgo como aquellos con 4 o más ganglios axilares positivos. Finalmente, resume los consensos actuales sobre las indicaciones de la radioterapia adyuvan
Presentasi kandidat jpt dinas komunikasi dan informatikaIr. Zakaria, M.M
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai peningkatan kinerja SDM aparatur sipil negara pada Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kabupaten Aceh Timur. Dokumen menjelaskan perlunya meningkatkan kemampuan pegawai dalam menguasai teknologi komunikasi dan informatika serta pengetahuan sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Dokumen juga mengidentifikasi masalah rendahnya keterampilan pegawai dan lemahnya SDM, serta memberikan alternat
This document outlines the terms and conditions for a home loan agreement between John Doe and ABC Bank. It specifies that John Doe will receive a $200,000 loan at 4% annual interest to purchase a property located at 123 Main St. The loan is to be repaid over 30 years through monthly installments of principal and interest. The document details various rights and responsibilities of both parties regarding late payments, prepayment, and foreclosure.
This document outlines the terms and conditions for a home loan agreement between John Doe and ABC Bank. It specifies that John Doe will receive a $200,000 loan at 4% annual interest to purchase a property located at 123 Main St. The loan is to be repaid over 30 years through monthly installments of principal and interest. The document details various rights and responsibilities of both parties regarding late payments, prepayment, and foreclosure.
Peraturan Bupati Aceh Timur Nomor 16 Tahun 2017 mengatur tentang kedudukan, susunan organisasi, tugas dan fungsi, serta tata kerja Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kabupaten Aceh Timur. Dinas ini dipimpin oleh seorang Kepala Dinas dan membawahi Sekretariat serta tiga bidang yaitu Data dan Diseminasi Informasi, Jaringan Komunikasi, dan Pengembangan Teknologi Informasi. Peraturan ini mengatur mengenai struktur organisasi, tugas p
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang identifikasi masalah dan alternatif kebijakan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi aparatur di Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kabupaten Aceh Timur.
2. Masalah yang diidentifikasi adalah rendahnya keterampilan aparatur dan lemahnya SDM.
3. Alternatif kebijakan yang diajukan adalah peningkatan keterampilan melalui pelatihan
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1) Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pentingnya peningkatan kapasitas pegawai negeri sipil di Dinas Ketahanan Pangan dan Penyuluhan Kabupaten Aceh Timur, baik dari segi pengetahuan maupun moralitas, agar dapat berperan optimal dalam memberdayakan masyarakat tani.
Ringkasan dokumen ini adalah:
1. Dokumen ini membahas peranan Dinas Ketahanan Pangan dan Penyuluhan Kabupaten Aceh Timur dalam upaya pembinaan moralitas pegawai negeri sipil.
2. Dokumen ini menjelaskan latar belakang, visi misi, dan tujuan penulisan tentang peranan dinas tersebut.
3. Analisis permasalahan dan kebijakan serta kesimpulan dan saran juga dibahas dalam dokumen ini.
Dinas Ketahanan Pangan dan Penyuluhan Kabupaten Aceh Timur berperan penting dalam membina moralitas pegawai negeri sipil melalui program pelatihan dan sosialisasi. Upaya ini bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kepada masyarakat secara profesional dan beretika.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas peranan Dinas Peternakan Aceh dalam upaya peningkatan moralitas pegawai negeri sipil.
2. Ada dua masalah utama yaitu kemampuan kerja pegawai yang rendah dan pengetahuan mereka yang kurang.
3. Untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut diperlukan peningkatan moral, pengetahuan, dan pelatihan bagi pegawai.
This document discusses recursive partitioning analysis (RPA), a statistical tool used to identify significant prognostic factors and classify patients into groups with similar outcomes. RPA has been used to analyze data from clinical trials in high-grade glioma (HGG) and brain metastasis patients. Key factors like age, performance status, extent of surgery, and molecular alterations help divide patients into prognostic classes. More recent studies have refined RPA models by incorporating additional molecular data to better stratify patients and guide treatment decisions.
This document provides an overview of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS can be used to analyze the chemical composition of tissues by detecting signals from nuclei such as hydrogen-1, carbon-13, phosphorus-31, and fluorine-19. It describes various MRS techniques including single voxel spectroscopy, multi-voxel spectroscopy, PRESS, and STEAM pulse sequences. The document also discusses chemical shift, methods for suppressing water and lipid signals, and applications and limitations of MRS.
Brain metastasis is a common complication of systemic cancers. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective treatment modality for patients with a limited number of brain metastases and good performance status. SRS provides high local tumor control rates comparable to surgery but is non-invasive. While SRS alone risks new metastases developing elsewhere in the brain, combining SRS with whole brain radiation therapy improves local and distant brain control but increases risks of cognitive decline. Patient prognosis depends on factors like performance status, number and size of metastases, and control of the primary cancer.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive imaging technique that measures metabolite levels in tissues. It works by detecting signals from atomic nuclei such as hydrogen placed in a strong magnetic field. MRS is useful for evaluating brain tumors, infections, demyelinating diseases, and neurodegenerative conditions. It provides diagnostic information by analyzing peak levels of metabolites including NAA, creatine, choline, and lactate. MRS can help distinguish tumors from other lesions, detect radiation necrosis, and monitor treatment response. It is also used to diagnose inborn errors of metabolism and mitochondrial disorders.
Digital images can be manipulated mathematically by treating pixel brightness values as numbers. This document discusses various digital image processing techniques including:
1. Image rectification to correct geometric distortions and calibrate radiometric data. This involves techniques like geometric corrections to adjust for sensor distortions and radiometric corrections to standardize brightness values.
2. Image enhancement techniques like contrast stretching to increase image contrast and improve feature detection. Methods include linear stretches, histogram equalization, and logarithmic transforms.
3. Local operations called spatial filtering that modify pixel values based on neighboring pixels. This can emphasize or de-emphasize certain image features or spatial frequencies to enhance details or reduce noise.
El documento resume la evolución y estado actual de la radioterapia en el cáncer de mama. Explica que la radioterapia adyuvante reduce la recurrencia local y puede mejorar la supervivencia, especialmente en pacientes con ganglios axilares positivos. También discute el uso de la radioterapia post-mastectomía para reducir la recurrencia local en pacientes de alto riesgo como aquellos con 4 o más ganglios axilares positivos. Finalmente, resume los consensos actuales sobre las indicaciones de la radioterapia adyuvan
Presentasi kandidat jpt dinas komunikasi dan informatikaIr. Zakaria, M.M
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai peningkatan kinerja SDM aparatur sipil negara pada Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kabupaten Aceh Timur. Dokumen menjelaskan perlunya meningkatkan kemampuan pegawai dalam menguasai teknologi komunikasi dan informatika serta pengetahuan sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Dokumen juga mengidentifikasi masalah rendahnya keterampilan pegawai dan lemahnya SDM, serta memberikan alternat
This document outlines the terms and conditions for a home loan agreement between John Doe and ABC Bank. It specifies that John Doe will receive a $200,000 loan at 4% annual interest to purchase a property located at 123 Main St. The loan is to be repaid over 30 years through monthly installments of principal and interest. The document details various rights and responsibilities of both parties regarding late payments, prepayment, and foreclosure.
This document outlines the terms and conditions for a home loan agreement between John Doe and ABC Bank. It specifies that John Doe will receive a $200,000 loan at 4% annual interest to purchase a property located at 123 Main St. The loan is to be repaid over 30 years through monthly installments of principal and interest. The document details various rights and responsibilities of both parties regarding late payments, prepayment, and foreclosure.
Peraturan Bupati Aceh Timur Nomor 16 Tahun 2017 mengatur tentang kedudukan, susunan organisasi, tugas dan fungsi, serta tata kerja Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kabupaten Aceh Timur. Dinas ini dipimpin oleh seorang Kepala Dinas dan membawahi Sekretariat serta tiga bidang yaitu Data dan Diseminasi Informasi, Jaringan Komunikasi, dan Pengembangan Teknologi Informasi. Peraturan ini mengatur mengenai struktur organisasi, tugas p
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang identifikasi masalah dan alternatif kebijakan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi aparatur di Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kabupaten Aceh Timur.
2. Masalah yang diidentifikasi adalah rendahnya keterampilan aparatur dan lemahnya SDM.
3. Alternatif kebijakan yang diajukan adalah peningkatan keterampilan melalui pelatihan
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1) Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pentingnya peningkatan kapasitas pegawai negeri sipil di Dinas Ketahanan Pangan dan Penyuluhan Kabupaten Aceh Timur, baik dari segi pengetahuan maupun moralitas, agar dapat berperan optimal dalam memberdayakan masyarakat tani.
Ringkasan dokumen ini adalah:
1. Dokumen ini membahas peranan Dinas Ketahanan Pangan dan Penyuluhan Kabupaten Aceh Timur dalam upaya pembinaan moralitas pegawai negeri sipil.
2. Dokumen ini menjelaskan latar belakang, visi misi, dan tujuan penulisan tentang peranan dinas tersebut.
3. Analisis permasalahan dan kebijakan serta kesimpulan dan saran juga dibahas dalam dokumen ini.
Dinas Ketahanan Pangan dan Penyuluhan Kabupaten Aceh Timur berperan penting dalam membina moralitas pegawai negeri sipil melalui program pelatihan dan sosialisasi. Upaya ini bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kepada masyarakat secara profesional dan beretika.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas peranan Dinas Peternakan Aceh dalam upaya peningkatan moralitas pegawai negeri sipil.
2. Ada dua masalah utama yaitu kemampuan kerja pegawai yang rendah dan pengetahuan mereka yang kurang.
3. Untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut diperlukan peningkatan moral, pengetahuan, dan pelatihan bagi pegawai.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang program linear, sistem pertidaksamaan linier, dan grafiknya. Secara singkat, dibahas sejarah program linear, definisi program linier, langkah-langkah pembuatan model matematika dari suatu masalah, nilai optimum suatu fungsi objektif menggunakan metode uji titik pojok dan garis selidik."
Stain zawiyah cot kala 2010 geometri bidang ke 8 s.d 10 lingkaran dan persam...Ir. Zakaria, M.M
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang geometri bidang khususnya lingkaran, yang mencakup definisi lingkaran dan bagian-bagiannya seperti jari-jari, diameter, busur lingkaran, serta rumus-rumus untuk menghitung keliling dan luas lingkaran. Dibahas pula sudut pusat dan sudut keliling, garis singgung lingkaran, serta lingkaran dalam dan luar segitiga.
Stain zawiyah cot kala 2010 geometri bidang ke 6 7 segi tiga dan teoremanyaIr. Zakaria, M.M
Dokumen ini membahas tentang geometri bidang khususnya tentang segi tiga dan cara melukisnya. Ditulis oleh Ir. Zakaria Ibr., MM dan memberikan informasi tentang segi tiga serta tautan untuk tes dan klik lebih lanjut.