Measure of static water level in Kpakungu Area of Minna

1. WELCOME

2. STATIC WATER LEVEL (SWL)
MEASUREMENT IN KPAKUNGU
AREA
PRESENTATION BY GROUP 15

3. Introduction
Groundwater is water located beneath the ground surface in soil pore
spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. A unit of rock or an
unconsolidated deposit called aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of
water. The depth at which soil pore spaces or fractures and voids in rock
become completely saturated with water is called the water table.
Groundwater is recharged from, and eventually flows to the surface as
natural discharge that often occurs as springs and can form oases or
wetlands. Groundwater is also often withdrawn for agricultural, municipal
and industrial use by constructing and operating extraction wells.

4. Research Questions
The following research questions were raised for investigation:
i. How are groundwater spatially distributed with respect to the
hydraulic head and wells?
ii. What is the flow direction of the groundwater?
iii. Do you suspect if there’s a stream? Where
iv. What is the status of ground water availability, recharge potential
and environmental implications to the static water level?

5. Aim and Objectives of the Study
The aim of static water level measurement is to determine the level of
groundwater in a well when it is not being pumped or disturbed. It is crucial
for hydrological studies and resource management.
The objectives are:
 Assessing groundwater availability
 Monitoring groundwater levels
 Aquifer characterization
 Well performance evaluation
 Groundwater quality assessment
 Designing water supply systems
 Resource management and planning.
 Groundwater studies

6. Methodology
Most of the work carried out was based on observations of some
physical properties like mode of type, shape, and whether the well was
protected or not. We took pictures of each wells that was studied and
measured subsequently with the 15 meters tape. While with the use of
compass clinometers to navigate through the field siting wells and
finding our routes. Most of the scope used by authors for this work
comprises geological mapping, sample collection, sample processing,
data generation and data analyses.
The methodologies adopted comprise:
• Fieldwork
• Preparation of a geological/prospectivity map.

7. Equipments Used
The equipment used during the field mapping exercise was; Geological
compass clinometers, Global Positioning System, Measuring tape, exercise
book, ruler, pencil, and colour pencil.
The compass clinometers was used to navigate through the field and taking
coordinates.
15m measuring tape was used to measure the SWL and TDD

8. ID Longitude Latitude Elevation (m) Static Water
Level
(SWL)(m)
Total Drain
Depth (TDD)
(m)
Hydraulic
Head
1 6°.31'37''E 9°.36'38''N 230 1.20 2.86 228.8
2 6°.31'37''E 9°.36'37''N 230 2.20 4.85 227.8
3 6°.31'36''E 9°.36'37''N 230 1.60 3.10 228.4
4 6°.31'36''E 9°.36'39''N 230 2.80 4.10 227.2
5 6°.31'35''E 9°.36'40''N 230 1.30 2.70 228.7
6 6°.31'35''E 9°.36'40''N 230 1.50 3.05 228.5
7 6°.31'35''E 9°.36'41''N 230 1.80 3.40 228.2
8 6°.31'35''E 9°.36'42''N 230 1.10 3.45 228.9
9 6°.31'38''E 9°.36'43''N 240 3.00 4.60 237
10 6°.31'35''E 9°.36'39''N 230 2.80 5.30 227.2
11 6°.31'35''E 9°.36'36''N 230 2.00 4.10 228
12 6°.31'35''E 9°.36'34''N 230 1.40 3.20 228.6
13 6°.31'39''E 9°.36'28''N 240 3.00 4.50 237
14 6°.31'38''E 9°.36'24''N 230 2.60 4.30 227.4
15 6°.31'37''E 9°.36'20''N 230 2.30 3.60 227.7
16 6°.31'38''E 9°.36'20''N 240 2.10 5.45 237.9
17 6°.31'36''E 9°.36'17''N 230 1.50 3.00 228.5
18 6°.31'35''E 9°.36'16''N 230 1.45 4.10 228.55
19 6°.31'35''E 9°.36'20''N 230 2.00 2.90 228
20 6°.31'35''E 9°.36'20''N 230 2.25 3.35 227.75
21 6°.31'35''E 9°.36'22''N 230 1.60 2.80 228.4
22 6°.31'36''E 9°.36'22''N 230 2.64 3.20 227.36
23 6°.31'35''E 9°.36'11''N 230 1.85 3.10 228.15
24 6°.31'36''E 9°.36'09''N 240 2.10 3.00 237.9
25 6°.31'37''E 9°.36'09''N 240 1.80 3.80 238.2
GEOSPATIAL LOCATIONSOF WELLS IN KPAKUNGU

9. Conclusion
The depth to water within the study area is less than 5m indicating the
groundwater could be vulnerable to contamination and the groundwater flow
direction is generally radial and multidimensional, trending mainly in the NE–
SW and NW–SE directions. In line with the findings of this study showing near
surface and shallow depth to water level in the metropolis, its suggested that
affordable hand-dug wells can be installed in areas where the cost implication
for installing a borehole cannot be met in the metropolis. Also, the maps and
information obtained in this study will guide and help groundwater prospecting
for individuals and households

10. Recommendations
In order to have a proper urban planning for the even location of hand dug wells,
to ensure access to consumers, the following recommendations are made:
1. The siting of government wells should not be politically motivated as this
will in most cases result in the uneven siting of such wells.
2. Urban planning should take the proper siting of the wells into serious
consideration especially in the physical design of new layouts.
3. Where it is not possible to site the wells as near to consumers as possible,
reticulation should be used to spread the water points to consume.
4. Finally, this field exercise should be continued and be done in a more
intensely which should include sponsors and funding for proper research and
fieldwork.