This document discusses the Bersih movement in Malaysia and its role in the 2013 general election. Some key points: - Bersih is an informal civil society movement that advocates for electoral reforms and free and fair elections in Malaysia. - For the 2013 election, its main goals were to reform the election process and ensure no deceit, acting as a watchdog for democratization. - However, the involvement of opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim changed the aim and nature of the movement, deflecting its main goal. - While Bersih positively influenced political participation, its role shifted from independent watchdog to a group unable to accept the election results due to the opposition influence.

1. THE EXISTENCE OF
BERSIH MOVEMENT
AS CIVIL SOCIETY IN MALAYSIA
(Case Study: General Election 2013)
Arranged by “The State-Building Team”
Dyah Intan
11/317922/SP/24805
Ratna Anggareni
11/319894/SP/24920
Shofi Fatihatun Sholihah
12/328748/SP/25123
Jelita Sari Wiedoko
12/328698/SP/25704

2. What is Bersih Movement?
O An ad hoc and informal movement to fight
for electoral reforms
O A civil society effort included
activists, blogger, politicians, etc

3. Main Goals/Roles of Bersih
Movement
O Reforms the process of General Election
in Malaysia
O These movements firstly is independent
and try to make sure that there is no
deceitfulness happened in GE
O Bersih 1.0 is not entirely an opposition
effort, they do the „watchdog‟ in the name
of democratization and to build people
awareness towards GE

4. The Twist

5. Correlation With Democracy
Concept
O Bersih Movement as the realm between private
and public; bridge of private interest to the general.
Bersih movement have a desire to make a fair
election in Malaysia. But, in it process the aim of
their willing has changed. Anwar Ibrahim as a
leader of opposition join the Bersih Movement and
pursue his aim in Bersih Movement.
O Bersih Movement strongly opposed to regime
change because the government in this period are
authoritarian and have a lot of corruption.

6. The Facts on Malaysia’s
General Election 2013house of
O Voters choose 222 representatives for the lower
parliament in a first-past-the-post system; a government can
be formed with at least 112 seats. Voters also select 505
representatives for 12 state assemblies.
O The Barisan Nasional (National Front) ruling coalition has
governed Malaysia since independence and is one of the
world's longest-serving governments. But the rising Pakatan
Rakyat (People's Pact) opposition alliance has tapped into
UMNO fatigue with promises to end authoritarianism and
corruption.
O Voters who called the ghost pengundi increase the chance of
winning is called the governing coalition.
O Problem in government „permanent ink‟ as mark after election.
Actually the ink is temporary and it can led to unfair election.

7. Bersih Movement and The GE
2013
The movement had a tremendous impact on
the political establishment by encouraging
active political participation by
Malaysians, which transcended the usual
ethnic and class divide. Pakatan Rakyat
has benefited the most from the
expression of dissent that Bersih
catalysed.

8. Bersih Movement at present
O Bersih has positively influenced the attitude of
Malaysians towards elections regardless of
their political inclination.
O The Role of social media took place
simultaneously the movement.
O This further demonstrates that Malaysians are
no longer political bystanders; rather, they
now feel that they have more power to
influence Malaysia‟s directions.
O Bersih helped trigger the people‟s
engagement in politics.

9. O Global Bersih demands that Malaysians living
abroad have the right to vote in the 13th general
election. At present, only full-time
students, members of the Malaysian civil service
and military personnel are allowed to send their
vote through the postal voting system.
O Global Bersih also strongly supports the need for
international observers before, during and after
GE13 – international observers are critical to
ensure Malaysian elections are free of dirty politics
and corruption, and to provide an opportunity for
independent review of the electoral system in
Malaysia.

10. Analysis – Influence to Malaysia’s
Democracy
O Malaysia‟s Bersih Movement as a civil society
influence General Election Process in Malaysia.
O This Bersih movement show us that there‟s a
political participation of the societies in statebuilding process and democratization of
Malaysia by pushing the govt to organize the
cleaner GE.
O But here is a role change of civil society as a
watchdog and pressure grup become civil
society as a group who couldn‟t approve the
result of the election.

11. Analysis Cont’d ....1
O There is a tendency of Anwar‟s willingness to
launch the replacement of the government that
leads by Najib Razak through several protests
and tribunal processes but it tends to be weak.
O It didn‟t bridge the private and public interest to
the general will anymore but tends to be an interst
articulation of opposition party coalition
O It was a form of an extreme multifunctional of the
political structure in Malaysia

12. Analysis Cont’d ... 2
O Conflict of interest exist due to opposition of political
parties harness Gerakan Bersih to articulate their
interest towards the government.
O So there‟s a main goal of the movement (push gov‟t
to organize a clean GE) and inserted goal behind
the movement.

13. Conclusion
O In relation to state building, Bersih
Movement as civil society has a role in
shaping a more democratic Malaysian
government and gaining political
participation
O But its main goal was deflected because
of the existence of opposition in its
organization.