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STAGES INFECTION.pptx
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- 2. Lesson Objectives •Define andunderstand the stages of infection •Define the meaning of skin and •Identify the different skin diseases
- 3. AR GUIDE ANTICIPATION REACTION 1. PATHOGENS1. 2. RELAPSE 2. 3. AIDS 3. 4. RECOVERY 4. 5. RELAPSE 5.
- 5. 1. Incubation Stage •This is the time from the entry of the germs to the appearance of the first sign or symptom. This can last from several hours to several months or even years.
- 6. Incubation Stage Example: •Measles hasan incubation period of two weeks. • HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) can invade the body up to several years before the condition becomes full-blown AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).
- 7. 2. Early SymptomsStage • This is when the general signs and symptoms of the disease appear, such as fever, nasal discharge, and rashes. •It is the early stage of the battle between the germs and our body defenses.
- 8. 3. Clinical Stage •This is the height of the disease when the infection is very severe. •During this period, one is obviously sick as characteristic signs and symptoms of the disease appear.
- 9. 4. Recovery Stage •During this stage, there is a gradual return to health as signs and symptoms begin to disappear. •The body is now on its way to recovery. •However, when the body is unable to recover, disability or death may result.
- 10. RELAPSE •This happens whena sick person partially recovers but goes back to the clinical stage. •Recovery takes much longer after a relapse because the body defenses are still weak from a previous infection.
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- 12. SKIN •It is thelargest essential protective part, and the most exposed organ of your body. •Your whole body is covered with it. •Your skin provides you visible signs showing that there is an infection affecting your body.
- 13. Common Skin Infections 1.Acne 2. Warts 3. Tinea or fungal infections
- 14. 1. Acne •Commonly calledpimples or “zits”, is a skin condition characterized by the inflammation of the oil glands (sebaceous gland) and the hair follicles or cavity contained within tiny holes on the surface of the skin, called pores.
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- 19. 1. Acne • Dirt,debris, bacteria, and inflammatory cells build up on the clogged pore. A clogged pore is called a plug. The top of the plug may be dark (blackhead) or white (whitehead).
- 20. Acne can behereditary and can be triggered by: High levels of humidity and sweating Greasy or oily cosmetic and hair products Certain drugs, such as steroids, testosterone and estrogen Hormonal changes related to menstrual periods, pregnancy, birth control pills, or stress
- 21. Management of Acne DO’s DOremove make-up at night. DO clean your skin gently with a mild, nondrying soap; DO remove all dirt or make-up and wash once or twice a day, including after exercising. DO shampoo your hair daily, especially if it is oily; comb or pull your hair back to keep the hair out of your face.
- 22. DONT’s DON’T scrub orwash your skin repeatedly. DON’T touch your face with your hands or fingers. DON’T wear tight headbands, baseball caps, and other hats. DON’T squeeze, scratch, pick, or rub the pimples, although it might be tempting to do this; it can lead to infection and scarring. DON’T use greasy cosmetics or creams. Look for water- based or cosmetics that do not clog pores. They have been tested and proven not to cause acne.
- 23. Dermatologist A doctor who specializesin treating conditions that affect the skin, hair, and nails.
- 24. 2. Warts •These aresmall, raised, rough, cauliflower-like infectious growths on the skin caused by a family of more than 100 types of viruses.
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- 26. Types of Warts 1.Common warts 2. Flat Warts 3. Filiform 4. Genital warts 5. Plantar warts 6. Mosaic warts 7. Sunbungual warts
- 27. Common Warts - areraised, rough growths that usually appear on the hands, but can also grow anywhere on the body;
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- 29. Flat Warts - aresmall, smooth, flattened, flesh- colored warts that usually appear on the face, neck and forehead;
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- 31. Filiform - are thread-or finger-like warts, most common on the face, especially near the eyelids and lips;
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- 33. Genital Warts - appearon the genitals and between the thighs;
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- 35. Plantar Warts - arehard sometimes painful lumps found on the soles of the feet;
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- 37. Mosaic Warts - aregroups of tightly clustered warts, commonly found on the hands or soles of the feet;
- 39. Subungual Warts - arecauliflower- like clusters of warts found under or around the fingernails and toenails
- 41. Management of warts •It is always a good idea to wash your skin regularly and well. •If you cut or scratch your skin, be sure to use soap and water because open wounds are more susceptible to warts. • Wear waterproof sandals or slippers in public showers, locker rooms, and around public pools, which will also prevent you from getting other skin infections, like fungal infections. • If you have warts, do not rub, scratch, or pick at them or you might spread the virus to another part of your body or cause the wart to become infected.
- 42. 3. Tinea •It isa group of itchy, reddish and scaly skin infections caused by several types of mold- like fungi that live on the dead tissues of the skin, hair, and nails.
- 43. Types of Tinea 1.Ringworm 2. Athlete’s foot 3. Jock itch 4. Ringworm of the scalp 5. Ringworm of the nails
- 44. Ringworm •This affects theskin in different parts of the body, like the legs, chest and arms. It starts as a red, scaly patch or bump that becomes very itchy and uncomfortable over time.
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- 47. Athlete’s Foot •A fungalinfection found between toes that causes severe itchiness, redness and blisters.
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- 49. Jock Itch •It isringworm that affects the groin or pubic area and the upper thigh; they may appear as red, itchy, scaly patches.
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- 52. Ringworm of thescalp •It may start as a small sore on the scalp that resembles a pimple before becoming patchy, flaky, or scaly.
- 53. Ringworm of thescalp
- 55. Ringworm of thenails •It affects one or more nails on the hands or feet. The nails may become thick, white or yellowish, and brittle.
- 56. Ringworm of thenails
- 58. Management of Tinea DO’S DOshower after contact sports. DO wash sports clothing regularly. DO shampoo regularly, especially after a haircut. DO wash your hands often, especially after touching pets. DO wear slippers in the locker room shower or at the pool.
- 59. DONT’S DON’T touch petswith bald spots. DON’T share clothing, towels, hairbrushes, combs, or other personal care items.
Editor's Notes
- #2 The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are not normally present within the body. An infection may cause no symptoms and be subclinical, or it may cause symptoms and be clinically apparent. An infection may remain localized, or it may spread through the blood or lymphatic vessels to become systemic (bodywide). Microorganisms that live naturally in the body are not considered infections. For example, bacteria that normally live within the mouth and intestine are not infections.
- #6 The incubation stage includes the time from exposure to an infectious agent until the onset of symptoms. Viral or bacterial particles replicate during the incubation stage. Duration The exact time frame of the incubation stage varies depending on the infection. Here are a few examples: Flu The flu virus incubates for 1–4 daysTrusted Source, but symptoms can appear as early as 2 days after the virus enters the body. Hepatitis B The incubation period for hepatitis B virus (HBV) ranges from 1.5–6 months. Salmonella Salmonella, a common foodborne bacterium, causes symptoms within 6 hours to 6 days. They can include: diarrhea vomiting stomach cramps
- #7 In medicine, the time from the moment of exposure to an infectious agent until signs and symptoms of the disease appear. For example, the incubation period of chickenpox is 14-16 days. In biology, the incubation period is the time needed for any particular process of development to take place. For example, the length of time for turtle eggs to hatch is the incubation period.
- #8 COVID-19 affects different people in different ways. Most infected people will develop mild to moderate illness and recover without hospitalization. Most common symptoms: fever dry cough tiredness Less common symptoms: aches and pains sore throat diarrhoea conjunctivitis headache loss of taste or smell a rash on skin, or discolouration of fingers or toes Serious symptoms: difficulty breathing or shortness of breath chest pain or pressure loss of speech or movement
- #9 The third stage of infection is an illness or clinical disease. This stage includes the time when a person shows apparent symptoms of an infectious disease.
- #10 During the decline stage, the immune system mounts a successful defense against the pathogens, and the number of infectious particles decreases. Symptoms will gradually improve. However, a person can develop secondary infections during this stage if the primary infection has weakened their immune system. During this stage, the virus can still transmit to other people.
- #11 During this stage, symptoms resolve, and a person can return to their normal functions. Depending on the severity of the infection, some people may have permanent damage even after the infection resolves. Convalescence is the period in which the body recovers from a serious illness, injury or surgery. Changes to your lifestyle may be needed to make sure the body has enough time and rest to allow a complete recovery. If left unexamined, the psychological trauma of serious illness can influence your future decisions, including the way you live your life and interact with other people.
- #13 No matter how you think of it, your skin is very important. It covers and protects everything inside your body. Without skin, people's muscles, bones, and organs would be hanging out all over the place. Skin holds everything together.
- #20 A pore is an opening of the skin through which sweat and other materials can pass. A skin pore can become clogged when it fills up with sebaceous fluid or dead skin, and is overcome by bacteria on the face. there are little pockets called sweat glands in the middle layer of your skin (the dermis). These glands make sweat—as you’d expect—which goes through little tubes and comes out of tiny holes called pores. Pores play an essential role in keeping our bodies cool (through sweat) and flushing out toxic substances the body doesn’t need. And when those pores get clogged they can lead to breakouts and severe acne.
- #25 Warts are tiny skin infections caused by viruses of the human papillomavirus (HPV) family. Although kids get warts most often, teens and adults can get them too. Sometimes warts are sexually transmitted and appear in the genital area. But most warts affect the fingers, hands, and feet
- #38 A mosaic is a piece of art that is composed of many tiny pieces of glass or tile. To make a decorative object into a mosaic,
- #41 Subungual warts appear under and around the fingernails. These warts are similar to the common wart but are much more difficult to cure than warts found elsewhere on the body
- #47 Ringworm is a contagious fungal infection caused by common mold-like parasites that live on the cells in the outer layer of your skin. It can be spread in the following ways: Human to human. Ringworm often spreads by direct, skin-to-skin contact with an infected person. Animal to human. You can contract ringworm by touching an animal with ringworm. Ringworm can spread while petting or grooming dogs or cats. It's also fairly common in cows. Object to human. It's possible for ringworm to spread by contact with objects or surfaces that an infected person or animal has recently touched or rubbed against, such as clothing, towels, bedding and linens, combs, and brushes. Soil to human. In rare cases, ringworm can be spread to humans by contact with infected soil. Infection would most likely occur only from prolonged contact with highly infected soil.
- #51 Jock itch (tinea cruris) is a fungal infection that causes a red and itchy rash in warm and moist areas of the body. The rash often affects the groin and inner thighs and may be shaped like a ring. Jock itch gets its name because it's common in athletes. It's also common in people who sweat a lot or who are overweight.
- #55 is a fungal infection of the scalp and hair shafts. The signs and symptoms of ringworm of the scalp may vary, but it usually appears as itchy, scaly, bald patches on the head. Ringworm of the scalp, a highly contagious infection, is most common in toddlers and school-age children.