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‫آموزش‬
‫نویسی‬‫داستان‬
‫تارم‬ ‫سعید‬
‫داستان‬‫از‬ ‫ای‬‫استعاره‬
‫است‬ ‫زندگی‬. ‫مکی‬ ‫رابرت‬
‫داستان‬ ‫مراحل‬‫نویسی‬
‫عناصر‬ ‫شناخت‬
‫پردازی‬ ‫ایده‬
‫طراحی‬
‫نگارش‬
‫بازنویسی‬
1.‫داستان‬ ‫عناصر‬
‫شخصیت‬
‫کشمکش‬
‫طرح‬
‫تعلیق‬
‫لحن‬
‫توصیف‬
‫فضاسازی‬
‫درونمایه‬
‫زاویه‬‫دید‬
‫گفتگو‬
‫شخصیت‬
‫داستان‬ ‫ماجرای‬ ‫محور‬
‫تیپ‬ ‫با‬ ‫شخصیت‬ ‫تفاوت‬
1.‫تیپ‬
‫مخصوص‬
‫هاست‬‫قصه‬.
2.‫واکنش‬
‫قابل‬ ‫او‬
‫بینی‬ ‫پیش‬
‫است‬.
3.‫و‬ ‫تخت‬
‫بدون‬
‫تناقض‬
‫است‬.
4.‫یا‬
‫یا‬ ‫سیاه‬
‫سفید‬
‫است‬.
(‫مطلق‬)
‫کشمکش‬
‫تقابل‬‫و‬ ‫اصلی‬ ‫شخصیت‬ ‫بین‬
‫موانع‬
‫کشمکش‬ ‫انواع‬
1.‫درونی‬ ‫کشمکش‬
2.‫فردی‬ ‫کشمکش‬
3.‫کشمکش‬‫فرافردی‬:
‫درگیری‬‫قدرتهای‬ ،‫اجتماع‬ ،‫طبیعت‬ ‫با‬
‫سیاسی‬
4.‫کشمکش‬‫فراطبیعی‬:
‫درگیری‬،‫شیاطین‬ ‫با‬‫اشباح‬،‫موجودات‬
‫فرازمینی‬
‫طرح‬
‫داستان‬ ‫رویدادهای‬ ‫بین‬ ‫ارتباطی‬ ‫شبکه‬
‫تعلیق‬
1.‫است‬ ‫بعدی‬ ‫اتفاقات‬ ‫منتظر‬ ‫خواننده‬.
2.‫انگیزد‬‫برمی‬ ‫را‬ ‫داستان‬ ‫پیگیری‬ ‫کنجکاوی‬ ‫مخاطب‬ ‫در‬.
‫لحن‬
‫کال‬ ‫در‬ ‫فضا‬ ‫ایجاد‬‫م‬
‫توصیف‬
‫اشیاء‬ ،‫وقایع‬ ،‫اعمال‬ ،‫اشخاص‬ ‫وصف‬
‫توصیف‬ ‫انواع‬
1.‫عینی‬:‫محیط‬ ‫اشیا‬ ‫جز‬ ‫به‬ ‫جز‬ ‫وصف‬
2.‫ذهنی‬:
‫پردازانه‬ ‫خیال‬ ،‫شاعرانه‬
‫استفاده‬‫ادبی‬ ‫های‬ ‫آرایه‬ ‫از‬
‫فضاسازی‬
‫لحن‬ ‫و‬ ‫توصیف‬ ‫با‬ ‫تنگاتنگ‬ ‫ارتباط‬
‫آمیزی‬ ‫رنگ‬‫زمانی‬ ‫بستر‬‫و‬‫مکانی‬
‫داستان‬
‫درونمایه‬
‫اثر‬ ‫بر‬ ‫مسلط‬ ‫و‬ ‫اصلی‬ ‫فکر‬
‫دید‬ ‫زاویه‬
‫داستان‬ ‫روایتگر‬ ‫دید‬ ‫نقطه‬
‫دید‬ ‫زاویه‬ ‫انواع‬
‫شخص‬ ‫سوم‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫اول‬
‫کل‬ ‫دانای‬ ‫گویی‬ ‫تک‬
‫گفتگو‬
‫شخصیتها‬ ‫هدفدار‬ ‫مکالمه‬
‫گفتگوی‬ ‫های‬‫ویژگی‬
‫مناسب‬
‫شخصیت‬
‫پردازانه‬ ‫اندازه‬ ‫به‬ ‫افشاگر‬
‫محرک‬
‫باشید‬ ‫داشته‬ ‫یاد‬ ‫به‬:
‫بییش‬ ‫و‬ ‫پیش‬ ،‫نویسندگی‬ ‫در‬ ‫موفقیت‬
‫چیز‬ ‫هر‬ ‫از‬
‫و‬ ‫یتمر‬‫مسی‬ ،‫یترده‬‫گسی‬ ‫یه‬‫مطالعی‬ ‫یه‬‫بی‬
‫دارد‬ ‫بستگی‬ ‫منسجم‬.
2.‫پردازی‬ ‫ایده‬
‫ایده‬ ‫انواع‬
‫روایی‬ ‫ایده‬ ‫ناظر‬ ‫ایده‬
‫جنینی‬ ‫ایده‬
‫شخصیت‬
‫مسئله‬
‫ایده‬
‫جنین‬
‫ی‬
‫ناظر‬ ‫ایده‬
‫داستان‬ ‫پیام‬(‫خبری‬ ‫جمله‬ ‫یک‬)
‫انواع‬‫ایده‬‫ناظر‬
‫آرمانگرا‬
‫یانه‬
‫بدبینا‬
‫نه‬‫کنایی‬
‫شخصیت‬ ‫مسئله‬
‫گره‬
‫گشایی‬
‫ایده‬
‫روایی‬
3.‫داستان‬ ‫طراحی‬
‫اصلی‬ ‫شخصیت‬
‫مرکز‬‫توجه‬
‫داستان‬ ‫برنده‬ ‫پیش‬
‫پردازی‬ ‫شخصیت‬
‫و‬ ‫ضعفها‬
‫قوتها‬
‫مخالفتها‬
‫و‬
‫ممانعتها‬
‫رویدادها‬
‫و‬
‫انتخابها‬
‫تشخیص‬
‫عیار‬
‫شخصیت‬
‫مسئله‬
‫تصمیم‬ ‫یا‬ ‫رویداد‬
‫حذف‬ ‫قابل‬ ‫غیر‬
‫نقشه‬
‫حل‬ ‫راه‬ ،‫تدبیر‬
‫پیچیده‬ ،‫ساده‬
‫مانع‬
‫غیر‬ ‫یا‬ ‫فیزیکی‬‫فیزیکی‬
‫کننده‬ ‫سد‬‫اصلی‬ ‫شخصیت‬ ‫راه‬
‫متحدین‬
‫مخالفین‬
‫کشمکش‬
‫تقابل‬‫و‬ ‫اصلی‬ ‫شخصیت‬ ‫بین‬
‫موانع‬
‫بحران‬
‫گیری‬‫تصمیم‬ ‫لحظه‬
‫اوج‬
‫نهایی‬ ‫انتخاب‬
‫گشایی‬ ‫گره‬
‫انتخاب‬ ‫نتیجه‬
4.‫داستان‬ ‫نگارش‬
‫نگارش‬ ‫در‬ ‫کلیدی‬ ‫نکات‬
‫داستان‬
1.‫دنیای‬
‫با‬ ‫کوچک‬
‫کاراکترهای‬
‫محدود‬
2.
‫ترجیحا‬
‫تعداد‬
‫های‬‫واژه‬
‫محدود‬
3.‫با‬ ‫آشنا‬
‫تجربیات‬
‫قبلی‬
4.‫از‬ ‫قبل‬
‫بازنویسی‬
‫کسی‬ ‫برای‬
‫نخوانید‬.
5.‫بازنویسی‬
‫در‬ ‫کلیدی‬ ‫نکات‬
‫بازنویسی‬
1.
‫بازنویسی‬
‫یک‬ ‫از‬ ‫بیش‬
‫بار‬
2.‫جسارت‬
‫و‬ ‫جرح‬ ‫در‬
‫تعدیل‬
3.‫تغییر‬
‫الگوی‬
‫روایت‬
4.‫تغییر‬
‫دید‬ ‫زاویه‬
5.‫نظر‬ ‫در‬
‫چند‬ ‫گرفتن‬
‫گشایی‬ ‫گره‬
‫باشید‬ ‫موفق‬!

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آموزش داستان‌نویسی