Lipids are a heterogeneous group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They serve many important functions in the body including as structural components of cell membranes, storage of metabolic energy, transport of fat-soluble vitamins and hormones, and protection and insulation. Lipids are classified based on the presence or absence of glycerol and other components. Major classes of lipids include fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols such as cholesterol and vitamin D, and other compounds like prostaglandins.
Khpacidbaseneutralization1slideonechm240xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxdontletgo2 14011010...Dr Robert Craig PhD
This document provides instructions for standardizing a sodium hydroxide solution by titrating it with a primary standard of potassium hydrogen phthalate. It describes cleaning and preparing the buret, titrating the potassium hydrogen phthalate sample, and calculating the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution based on the titration results. It also discusses using potassium hydrogen phthalate as a primary standard due to its stability and ease of accurate weighing, and explains the titration process and calculating concentration from titration data.
This document provides an overview of lipids, including:
1. Lipids are organic compounds that are insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. They serve as concentrated energy stores and play roles in cellular structure and biochemical functions.
2. Lipids can be broadly classified into simple lipids, complex lipids, derived lipids, and miscellaneous lipids. Simple lipids include fats, oils, and waxes. Complex lipids contain additional groups like phosphate and nitrogenous bases.
3. Key functions of lipids include serving as concentrated fuel reserves, constituting cell membranes, being a source of fat-soluble vitamins, and acting as cellular metabolic regulators like steroid hormones.
Inorganic Official compounds of Iron, Iodine and Calcium.finalMayurakhiDutta
This document discusses iron, iodine, and calcium. It provides information on the sources, importance, deficiencies, and excesses of each mineral. Key points include:
- Iron is important for hemoglobin and many metabolic processes. Deficiency leads to anemia while excess causes hemochromatosis. Ferrous sulfate is a common iron supplement.
- Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production. Deficiency causes hypothyroidism and goiter while excess results in hyperthyroidism. Potassium iodide is an iodine compound used to treat hyperthyroidism.
- Calcium is vital for bone and tooth formation. Deficiency results in rickets or osteoporosis,
Eric Luellen's presentation at Harvard University virology class on December 3, 2015 about veepox, the weaponization of smallpox via recombination with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEEV); Dark Winter, a model for extrapolating the impact of weaponized smallpox; and, Dark Winter 2.0, one example of applying veepox to that model.
This document discusses lipids, including their definition, classification, structure and functions. It covers different types of lipids such as fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols and lipoproteins. Key points include that lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, and serve important structural and energy storage roles. Lipids form micelles to solubilize nonpolar molecules in aqueous environments.
Chapter 5 Acquiring And Teaching A New Writing SystemMing Chuan
This document discusses various aspects of writing systems including what constitutes a writing system, different types of writing systems, correspondence rules between sounds and letters, and considerations for teaching writing systems to students whose native language has a different writing system. It covers spelling rules, common spelling mistakes, and the purpose and use of punctuation in writing.
Lipids are naturally occurring organic compounds that are soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water. They include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids. Lipids are classified as simple lipids like triglycerides and waxes, or compound lipids like phospholipids. The main roles of lipids include serving as energy stores, components of cell membranes, and intermediaries in signaling pathways. Essential lipids like omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids must be obtained through diet as the body cannot produce them. Lipids are important for many biological functions including energy storage, cell membrane structure, hormone synthesis, and brain and vision health.
Lipids are a heterogeneous group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They serve many important functions in the body including as structural components of cell membranes, storage of metabolic energy, transport of fat-soluble vitamins and hormones, and protection and insulation. Lipids are classified based on the presence or absence of glycerol and other components. Major classes of lipids include fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols such as cholesterol and vitamin D, and other compounds like prostaglandins.
Khpacidbaseneutralization1slideonechm240xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxdontletgo2 14011010...Dr Robert Craig PhD
This document provides instructions for standardizing a sodium hydroxide solution by titrating it with a primary standard of potassium hydrogen phthalate. It describes cleaning and preparing the buret, titrating the potassium hydrogen phthalate sample, and calculating the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution based on the titration results. It also discusses using potassium hydrogen phthalate as a primary standard due to its stability and ease of accurate weighing, and explains the titration process and calculating concentration from titration data.
This document provides an overview of lipids, including:
1. Lipids are organic compounds that are insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. They serve as concentrated energy stores and play roles in cellular structure and biochemical functions.
2. Lipids can be broadly classified into simple lipids, complex lipids, derived lipids, and miscellaneous lipids. Simple lipids include fats, oils, and waxes. Complex lipids contain additional groups like phosphate and nitrogenous bases.
3. Key functions of lipids include serving as concentrated fuel reserves, constituting cell membranes, being a source of fat-soluble vitamins, and acting as cellular metabolic regulators like steroid hormones.
Inorganic Official compounds of Iron, Iodine and Calcium.finalMayurakhiDutta
This document discusses iron, iodine, and calcium. It provides information on the sources, importance, deficiencies, and excesses of each mineral. Key points include:
- Iron is important for hemoglobin and many metabolic processes. Deficiency leads to anemia while excess causes hemochromatosis. Ferrous sulfate is a common iron supplement.
- Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production. Deficiency causes hypothyroidism and goiter while excess results in hyperthyroidism. Potassium iodide is an iodine compound used to treat hyperthyroidism.
- Calcium is vital for bone and tooth formation. Deficiency results in rickets or osteoporosis,
Eric Luellen's presentation at Harvard University virology class on December 3, 2015 about veepox, the weaponization of smallpox via recombination with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEEV); Dark Winter, a model for extrapolating the impact of weaponized smallpox; and, Dark Winter 2.0, one example of applying veepox to that model.
This document discusses lipids, including their definition, classification, structure and functions. It covers different types of lipids such as fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols and lipoproteins. Key points include that lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, and serve important structural and energy storage roles. Lipids form micelles to solubilize nonpolar molecules in aqueous environments.
Chapter 5 Acquiring And Teaching A New Writing SystemMing Chuan
This document discusses various aspects of writing systems including what constitutes a writing system, different types of writing systems, correspondence rules between sounds and letters, and considerations for teaching writing systems to students whose native language has a different writing system. It covers spelling rules, common spelling mistakes, and the purpose and use of punctuation in writing.
Lipids are naturally occurring organic compounds that are soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water. They include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids. Lipids are classified as simple lipids like triglycerides and waxes, or compound lipids like phospholipids. The main roles of lipids include serving as energy stores, components of cell membranes, and intermediaries in signaling pathways. Essential lipids like omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids must be obtained through diet as the body cannot produce them. Lipids are important for many biological functions including energy storage, cell membrane structure, hormone synthesis, and brain and vision health.
1) The document discusses different ways of classifying amino acids, including by their structure, nutritional classification, and metabolic fate.
2) For structure, amino acids are classified as having aliphatic side chains, hydroxyl groups, sulfur, acidic groups, basic groups, or aromatic groups.
3) Nutritionally, amino acids are classified as essential, non-essential, or semi-essential depending on whether the human body can produce them.
4) Metabolically, amino acids are classified as glycogenic, glycogenic and ketogenic, or ketogenic based on their metabolic fate in the body.
Nucleotides are composed of nitrogenous bases, pentose sugars, and phosphate groups. They are the building blocks of nucleic acids DNA and RNA. Nucleotides act as precursors and regulators in many biochemical pathways. Derivatives of nucleotides like ATP are important energy carriers, while cAMP and cGMP act as intracellular messengers. Synthetic nucleotides have clinical applications as chemotherapy agents and treatments for diseases.
This document discusses acids, bases, and buffers. It begins by defining acids as substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) in solution and bases as substances that release hydroxide ions (OH-). Water can form acids and bases by dissociating into hydronium and hydroxide ions. Acids and bases are classified as strong or weak based on their degree of dissociation. A buffer is a solution that resists pH changes upon addition of small amounts of acid or base, consisting of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a buffer solution to the concentrations and acid dissociation constant. Buffers have various applications in pharmaceutical products to control pH
This document discusses high and low energy phosphates and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It provides data on the free energy released by different phosphates. It then describes the importance of ATP as the primary energy currency in cells and its role in transferring phosphate energy. The document also discusses electron carriers in the electron transport chain, including protein-bound carriers like cytochromes and mobile carriers like coenzyme Q. It outlines the five complexes of the electron transport chain and chemiosmotic coupling for oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, it mentions ATP synthase and inhibitors of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
This document discusses thalassemia, an inherited blood disorder caused by mutations affecting hemoglobin production. It provides details on the types of thalassemia (alpha and beta), symptoms, mechanisms, and treatments. The standard treatments discussed are blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and folic acid supplements. Blood transfusions help maintain normal hemoglobin levels but require ongoing iron chelation therapy to prevent iron overload damage. Other less common treatments mentioned are splenectomy and bone marrow transplantation.
Our Weekly Wisdom or Sabiduría Semanal is meant to inspire you as a teacher while you labor through the daily trials of the classroom. Print it out, set in on your desk, and glance at it whenever you feel the need for a boost of good vibes.
The document discusses different types of carbohydrates including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and stereoisomers. It explains the structures and properties of common monosaccharides like glucose and fructose as well as disaccharides formed from their combination like maltose, lactose, and sucrose. The summaries include details on cyclic and linear forms, anomers, glycosidic bonds, and whether each carbohydrate is a reducing sugar based on Benedict's test.
Biomolecules are organic and inorganic chemicals that occur in living organisms. They include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other molecules. Biomolecules can be classified as either micromolecules, which are small and soluble, or macromolecules, which are large polymers formed from micromolecules. The four major types of biomolecules - carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins - differ in their composition and functions, which include energy storage, heredity, structure, and catalysis of biological processes.
Lipids have a hydrophobic nature due to hydrocarbon chains. They are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents. Major lipids include fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, cholesterol, and steroid hormones. Fatty acids are used for energy storage and membrane components. Triacylglycerols store fatty acids as an energy source. Phospholipids are major membrane components. Cholesterol is important for membrane structure and steroid hormone synthesis. Lipids are digested into fatty acids and monoacylglycerols then absorbed into intestinal cells to form chylomicrons which transport lipids through lymph and blood.
Chemistry - Chp 19 - Acids, Bases, and Salt - PowerPointsMel Anthony Pepito
This document provides an overview of acids and bases including:
1) It defines acids and bases according to Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis theories and compares their properties.
2) It explains how hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations determine if a solution is neutral, acidic, or basic and how pH and pOH scales relate to these concentrations.
3) It describes how acid strength relates to acid dissociation constants and distinguishes between strong and weak acids.
The primary structure of a protein refers to the specific sequence of amino acids in the protein chain linked together by peptide bonds. The unique amino acid sequence determines how the protein folds into its 3D structure and performs its function. While different sequences can result in very different protein shapes and functions, the sequence is precisely determined by the mRNA template which is transcribed from DNA.
1. The document provides an overview of the chemistry of carbohydrates, including their classification, nomenclature, important types, and pharmaceutical importance.
2. Carbohydrates are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on the number of sugar units. Important carbohydrates include glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose, and glycosides.
3. Carbohydrates have various roles in the body and pharmaceutical applications. They are a source of energy, components of other biomolecules, and are used as excipients in drug formulations.
Review and characteristic of cutting oil from soroush oil fieldSaeed Alipour
در حال حاضر حدود 40 درصد بودجه کشور وابسته به فروش نفت و فراورده های نفتی می باشد و همچنین با توجه به موقعیت ژئوپلتیک ایران و تحریم های بین المللی که هر از چند گاهی دامان کشور را میگیرد، ضروری ایست تا شرایط عملیاتی واحد های پالایش نفت به منظور تغییر وضعیت تولید با توجه به شرایط تحریم مورد بهینه سازی قرار بگیرد. در این میان جهت بهینه سازی فرآیند های نفتی و گازی، نرم افزار ها شبیه سازی نقش مهمی را بازی می کنند. با استفاده بهینه و درست از ابزار شبیه سازی میتوان با صرف کمترین هزینه و زمان به نتایجی مهم در فرآیند دست یافت. در این مقاله با استفاده از نرم افزار شبیه سازی Aspen HYSYS به بررسی و توصیف داده های آزمایشگاهی حاصل از میدان نفتی سروش (کتابخانه نرم افزار هایسیس) می پردازیم و در انتها به ارائه نتایج مربوط به درصد برش ها، ترسیم نمودار تقطیر، نمودار مربوط به ویسکوزیته و دانسیته، نمودار مربوط به ویسکوزیته برش های نفتی و نمودار مربوط به ترکیبات پارافین و نفتا و آروماتیک خواهیم پرداخت.
یک امولسیون مخلوط دو یا چند مایع غیر قابل امتزاج (غیر قابل اختلاط) میباشد. به عبارت دیگر تجمیع مایع با مایع را در صورتی که دو مایع در هم حل نمیشوند و به حالت تعلیق در آیند، امولسیون میگویند. امولسیون-ها بخشی از یک گروه کلی از سیستمهاي دو فازي به نام کلوئیدها هستند. واژه کلوئید و امولسیون در بعضی مواقع قابل تعویض میباشند. واژه امولسیون زمانی به کار میرود که یک مایع به عنوان پخش شونده در یک فاز دیگر به عنوان فاز پیوسته پخش میگردد. مرز بین دو فاز، فاز میانی نامیده میشود.
Este documento trata sobre los hidrocarburos. Explica que los hidrocarburos son compuestos orgánicos formados por carbono e hidrógeno que se presentan naturalmente como gases, líquidos o sólidos. También describe cómo se forman los hidrocarburos a través de la descomposición de restos de animales y plantas enterrados, y cómo se clasifican los hidrocarburos en aromáticos y alifáticos.
1) The document discusses different ways of classifying amino acids, including by their structure, nutritional classification, and metabolic fate.
2) For structure, amino acids are classified as having aliphatic side chains, hydroxyl groups, sulfur, acidic groups, basic groups, or aromatic groups.
3) Nutritionally, amino acids are classified as essential, non-essential, or semi-essential depending on whether the human body can produce them.
4) Metabolically, amino acids are classified as glycogenic, glycogenic and ketogenic, or ketogenic based on their metabolic fate in the body.
Nucleotides are composed of nitrogenous bases, pentose sugars, and phosphate groups. They are the building blocks of nucleic acids DNA and RNA. Nucleotides act as precursors and regulators in many biochemical pathways. Derivatives of nucleotides like ATP are important energy carriers, while cAMP and cGMP act as intracellular messengers. Synthetic nucleotides have clinical applications as chemotherapy agents and treatments for diseases.
This document discusses acids, bases, and buffers. It begins by defining acids as substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) in solution and bases as substances that release hydroxide ions (OH-). Water can form acids and bases by dissociating into hydronium and hydroxide ions. Acids and bases are classified as strong or weak based on their degree of dissociation. A buffer is a solution that resists pH changes upon addition of small amounts of acid or base, consisting of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a buffer solution to the concentrations and acid dissociation constant. Buffers have various applications in pharmaceutical products to control pH
This document discusses high and low energy phosphates and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It provides data on the free energy released by different phosphates. It then describes the importance of ATP as the primary energy currency in cells and its role in transferring phosphate energy. The document also discusses electron carriers in the electron transport chain, including protein-bound carriers like cytochromes and mobile carriers like coenzyme Q. It outlines the five complexes of the electron transport chain and chemiosmotic coupling for oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, it mentions ATP synthase and inhibitors of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
This document discusses thalassemia, an inherited blood disorder caused by mutations affecting hemoglobin production. It provides details on the types of thalassemia (alpha and beta), symptoms, mechanisms, and treatments. The standard treatments discussed are blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and folic acid supplements. Blood transfusions help maintain normal hemoglobin levels but require ongoing iron chelation therapy to prevent iron overload damage. Other less common treatments mentioned are splenectomy and bone marrow transplantation.
Our Weekly Wisdom or Sabiduría Semanal is meant to inspire you as a teacher while you labor through the daily trials of the classroom. Print it out, set in on your desk, and glance at it whenever you feel the need for a boost of good vibes.
The document discusses different types of carbohydrates including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and stereoisomers. It explains the structures and properties of common monosaccharides like glucose and fructose as well as disaccharides formed from their combination like maltose, lactose, and sucrose. The summaries include details on cyclic and linear forms, anomers, glycosidic bonds, and whether each carbohydrate is a reducing sugar based on Benedict's test.
Biomolecules are organic and inorganic chemicals that occur in living organisms. They include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other molecules. Biomolecules can be classified as either micromolecules, which are small and soluble, or macromolecules, which are large polymers formed from micromolecules. The four major types of biomolecules - carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins - differ in their composition and functions, which include energy storage, heredity, structure, and catalysis of biological processes.
Lipids have a hydrophobic nature due to hydrocarbon chains. They are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents. Major lipids include fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, cholesterol, and steroid hormones. Fatty acids are used for energy storage and membrane components. Triacylglycerols store fatty acids as an energy source. Phospholipids are major membrane components. Cholesterol is important for membrane structure and steroid hormone synthesis. Lipids are digested into fatty acids and monoacylglycerols then absorbed into intestinal cells to form chylomicrons which transport lipids through lymph and blood.
Chemistry - Chp 19 - Acids, Bases, and Salt - PowerPointsMel Anthony Pepito
This document provides an overview of acids and bases including:
1) It defines acids and bases according to Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis theories and compares their properties.
2) It explains how hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations determine if a solution is neutral, acidic, or basic and how pH and pOH scales relate to these concentrations.
3) It describes how acid strength relates to acid dissociation constants and distinguishes between strong and weak acids.
The primary structure of a protein refers to the specific sequence of amino acids in the protein chain linked together by peptide bonds. The unique amino acid sequence determines how the protein folds into its 3D structure and performs its function. While different sequences can result in very different protein shapes and functions, the sequence is precisely determined by the mRNA template which is transcribed from DNA.
1. The document provides an overview of the chemistry of carbohydrates, including their classification, nomenclature, important types, and pharmaceutical importance.
2. Carbohydrates are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on the number of sugar units. Important carbohydrates include glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose, and glycosides.
3. Carbohydrates have various roles in the body and pharmaceutical applications. They are a source of energy, components of other biomolecules, and are used as excipients in drug formulations.
Review and characteristic of cutting oil from soroush oil fieldSaeed Alipour
در حال حاضر حدود 40 درصد بودجه کشور وابسته به فروش نفت و فراورده های نفتی می باشد و همچنین با توجه به موقعیت ژئوپلتیک ایران و تحریم های بین المللی که هر از چند گاهی دامان کشور را میگیرد، ضروری ایست تا شرایط عملیاتی واحد های پالایش نفت به منظور تغییر وضعیت تولید با توجه به شرایط تحریم مورد بهینه سازی قرار بگیرد. در این میان جهت بهینه سازی فرآیند های نفتی و گازی، نرم افزار ها شبیه سازی نقش مهمی را بازی می کنند. با استفاده بهینه و درست از ابزار شبیه سازی میتوان با صرف کمترین هزینه و زمان به نتایجی مهم در فرآیند دست یافت. در این مقاله با استفاده از نرم افزار شبیه سازی Aspen HYSYS به بررسی و توصیف داده های آزمایشگاهی حاصل از میدان نفتی سروش (کتابخانه نرم افزار هایسیس) می پردازیم و در انتها به ارائه نتایج مربوط به درصد برش ها، ترسیم نمودار تقطیر، نمودار مربوط به ویسکوزیته و دانسیته، نمودار مربوط به ویسکوزیته برش های نفتی و نمودار مربوط به ترکیبات پارافین و نفتا و آروماتیک خواهیم پرداخت.
یک امولسیون مخلوط دو یا چند مایع غیر قابل امتزاج (غیر قابل اختلاط) میباشد. به عبارت دیگر تجمیع مایع با مایع را در صورتی که دو مایع در هم حل نمیشوند و به حالت تعلیق در آیند، امولسیون میگویند. امولسیون-ها بخشی از یک گروه کلی از سیستمهاي دو فازي به نام کلوئیدها هستند. واژه کلوئید و امولسیون در بعضی مواقع قابل تعویض میباشند. واژه امولسیون زمانی به کار میرود که یک مایع به عنوان پخش شونده در یک فاز دیگر به عنوان فاز پیوسته پخش میگردد. مرز بین دو فاز، فاز میانی نامیده میشود.
Este documento trata sobre los hidrocarburos. Explica que los hidrocarburos son compuestos orgánicos formados por carbono e hidrógeno que se presentan naturalmente como gases, líquidos o sólidos. También describe cómo se forman los hidrocarburos a través de la descomposición de restos de animales y plantas enterrados, y cómo se clasifican los hidrocarburos en aromáticos y alifáticos.