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高精細カラー放射線イメージセンサの開発
大島 翼
早稲田大学大学院 先進理工学研究科
物理学及応用物理学専攻 修士1年
研究背景
フィルムを用いたレントゲン撮像
(アナログ画像)
フィルムを用いないレントゲン撮像
(デジタル画像)
X線イメージング
アナログな時代からデジタルな時代へ
2
フラットパネルディテクター(FPD)
研究背景
©東芝
X線変換部
(柱状CsIシンチレータ)
フォトダイオード
断面図
柱状CsI
シンチレータ
1画素
(フォトダイ
オード)
X線が被写体に向かって入射
被写中でX線は減衰
X線変換部(シンチレータ)に到
達し、可視光に変換される
変換された光はフォトダイオード
によって電流に変換される
その電流値を各画素ごとに読
み出す
被写体
X線
3
汎用性 → 低い(柱状構造)
感度 → 低い(厚みが薄く、被曝量が多い)
チャンネル数 → 膨大(各画素ごとに読み出し)
装置 → 複雑、高価
エネルギー情報 → 取得不可能(モノクロ画像)
研究背景
 従来のFPDの問題点 0.4
mm
柱状CsI(Tl)シンチレータ
4
研究目的
 簡便、安価、汎用、高感度、エネルギー情報取得可
能な高解像度 イメージセンサの開発
混合エネルギーX線を積分したモノクロ画像
• 正確な物質同定が困難
• アーチファクトが発生
X線画像の多色化
• 物質同定・弁別が可能
• アーチファクトの低減
• コントラスト向上
多色化
5
本研究のアプローチ
 高精細シンチレータ(Ce:GAGG) + MPPC
Ce:GAGG (Gd3Al2Ga3O12)
25.8mm
Thickness
~1.35mm
readout
25.8mm
MPPC
6
本研究のアプローチ
 高精細シンチレータ(Ce:GAGG)
Ce:GAGG (Gd3Al2Ga3O12)
200μm厚さ 2 mm
7
 MPPC (Multi-Pixel Photon Counter)
本研究のアプローチ
MPPC
シンチレータのあるピクセルにX線が入射
し、可視光に変換
4チャンネル分の電流信号が出力
重心演算によってどこ位置に、どれくらいのエネ
ルギーが反応したのかを求め、画像化(C++)
A/D変換(データ収集システムの設計)
25.8mm
Thickness
~1.35mm
readout
25.8mm
8
どれくらい細かいものが見れるか評価
画像評価
No.1 No.2
No.3
26mm
26mm
1.2 1.0
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.40.3
1.1mm
材質 タングステン
厚さ 2mm
9
位置分解能評価
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
No.1 No.2 No.3
わずか4chの読み出しでありながら細かい分解能を出すことができた。
10
3色(30keV,60keV,90keV)によるイメージング
多色イメージング
多色化
11
多色イメージング
30keV 60keV 90keV
30keV, 60keV, 90keV
の3色画像
多色にすることで軽元素、
重元素の材質の弁別が
より明確になる。
被写体:ライターの先端
3色(30keV,60keV,90keV)によるイメージング
12
まとめ
X線イメージングのデジタル化のトレンド
従来FPD→低感度、汎用性低い、膨大な読み出し
チャネル数、X線エネルギー情報を失う
高精細シンチレータ+MPPC
高感度、高い汎用性、4ch読み出し、エネルギー情報
も取得可能
13

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高精細カラー放射線イメージセンサの開発