This document defines and describes various types of landforms and regions. It discusses mountains such as fault mountains and fold mountains that are formed by tectonic plate movement. It also covers plains, grasslands, deserts, forests, wetlands and bodies of water including rivers, lakes, seas and oceans. Regions described include prairies, savannas, tundra, and different forest biomes.
This document provides an overview of floods, including their causes, types, effects, and management. It discusses intrinsic and extrinsic factors that can cause flooding when thresholds are exceeded. The main causes of flooding are meteorological, hydrological, and anthropogenic factors like urbanization and deforestation. Common flood types are river floods, flash floods, coastal floods, and urban floods. Estimating floods involves past records, the Rational Method, and flood frequency studies. Design floods are selected based on their return period and probability. Prone areas in India are mapped. Flood management strategies include building on raised platforms, afforestation, forecasting, and controlling water flow with dams.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Duty of water refers to the relationship between the amount of irrigation water and the area of crop that can be fully matured with that water. It is expressed as the area irrigated per unit rate of flow, depth of water, or stored water volume. The duty is affected by soil characteristics, climate, rainfall, crop type, topography, irrigation method, and other factors. Improving duty involves proper plowing, suitable irrigation methods, canal lining, minimizing idle canal length, good water quality, crop rotation, and volumetric water assessment. Duty delta represents the total water depth required over the base period and is calculated by dividing the duty by the number of days in the base period. Sample problems are provided to calculate
Evolution of Geomorphic theory- Geomorphology ChapterKaium Chowdhury
1. Early theories of landscape evolution included catastrophism and uniformitarianism. Davis later proposed the cycle of erosion, which described fixed stages of landscape development over time.
2. Penck built on Davis's work by proposing ongoing tectonism could influence landscape evolution. He described waxing, uniform, and waning stages of development driven by changing uplift and erosion rates.
3. King further developed these ideas, arguing landscapes evolve through parallel slope retreat and may culminate in a pediment under certain conditions. Modern geomorphology views landscapes as intricate systems influenced by various dynamic factors and processes.
1. Waves are disturbances that transfer energy through a medium, such as water. They can be regular (single frequency/height) or irregular/random (variable frequency/height).
2. Important wave parameters include wavelength, period, frequency, speed, height, amplitude, and water elevation.
3. Ocean waves are classified based on their period/frequency and include capillary, gravity, and infragravity waves.
4. Wind generates waves by transferring energy and momentum to water. Wave characteristics depend on wind speed, fetch (distance over which wind blows), and duration. Fully developed seas occur when energy input balances dissipation.
This document defines and describes various types of landforms and regions. It discusses mountains such as fault mountains and fold mountains that are formed by tectonic plate movement. It also covers plains, grasslands, deserts, forests, wetlands and bodies of water including rivers, lakes, seas and oceans. Regions described include prairies, savannas, tundra, and different forest biomes.
This document provides an overview of floods, including their causes, types, effects, and management. It discusses intrinsic and extrinsic factors that can cause flooding when thresholds are exceeded. The main causes of flooding are meteorological, hydrological, and anthropogenic factors like urbanization and deforestation. Common flood types are river floods, flash floods, coastal floods, and urban floods. Estimating floods involves past records, the Rational Method, and flood frequency studies. Design floods are selected based on their return period and probability. Prone areas in India are mapped. Flood management strategies include building on raised platforms, afforestation, forecasting, and controlling water flow with dams.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Duty of water refers to the relationship between the amount of irrigation water and the area of crop that can be fully matured with that water. It is expressed as the area irrigated per unit rate of flow, depth of water, or stored water volume. The duty is affected by soil characteristics, climate, rainfall, crop type, topography, irrigation method, and other factors. Improving duty involves proper plowing, suitable irrigation methods, canal lining, minimizing idle canal length, good water quality, crop rotation, and volumetric water assessment. Duty delta represents the total water depth required over the base period and is calculated by dividing the duty by the number of days in the base period. Sample problems are provided to calculate
Evolution of Geomorphic theory- Geomorphology ChapterKaium Chowdhury
1. Early theories of landscape evolution included catastrophism and uniformitarianism. Davis later proposed the cycle of erosion, which described fixed stages of landscape development over time.
2. Penck built on Davis's work by proposing ongoing tectonism could influence landscape evolution. He described waxing, uniform, and waning stages of development driven by changing uplift and erosion rates.
3. King further developed these ideas, arguing landscapes evolve through parallel slope retreat and may culminate in a pediment under certain conditions. Modern geomorphology views landscapes as intricate systems influenced by various dynamic factors and processes.
1. Waves are disturbances that transfer energy through a medium, such as water. They can be regular (single frequency/height) or irregular/random (variable frequency/height).
2. Important wave parameters include wavelength, period, frequency, speed, height, amplitude, and water elevation.
3. Ocean waves are classified based on their period/frequency and include capillary, gravity, and infragravity waves.
4. Wind generates waves by transferring energy and momentum to water. Wave characteristics depend on wind speed, fetch (distance over which wind blows), and duration. Fully developed seas occur when energy input balances dissipation.
This document discusses various techniques for measuring stream flow, which is the volume of water moving through a designated point over time. It describes common methods like the velocity-area method, using a weir, and the bucket method. It also outlines different types of meters that can directly measure flow properties like velocity, including pygmy meters, vortex meters, and current meters. Accurately measuring stream flow is important for applications like flood prediction, assessing water and sediment levels over time, and monitoring long-term climate changes. A combination of techniques may be needed to account for variability in flow across seasons.
Adab 2016 أدب المرحلة الثانية للصف الثالث الثانوية هدية خالد عبد الباسط
Www.Th5stars.com
ثانوية خمس نجوم هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
أدب المرحلة الثانية للصف الثالث الثانوية هدية
أدب المرحلة الثانية للصف الثالث الثانوية هدية
أدب المرحلة الثانية للصف الثالث الثانوية هدية
Coastal erosional processes and landforms lesson 4Ms Geoflake
The document discusses coastal erosion processes and landforms. It describes the four main erosion processes as corrosion, abrasion, solution, and hydraulic action (CASH). These processes break down and transport sediment, forming features like sea cliffs, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps. Waves erode the base of cliffs and headlands through processes like hydraulic action, creating wave-cut notches and platforms that eventually result in arches and isolated rock columns. Alternating hard and soft rock layers produce headlands and bays along discordant coastlines.
This document discusses key concepts in hydrology including hyetographs, hydrographs, unit hydrographs, and instantaneous unit hydrographs. It defines each term and concept and provides examples to illustrate them. Specifically, it defines a hyetograph as a plot of rainfall intensity over time, a hydrograph as a plot of discharge over time, and unit and instantaneous unit hydrographs as tools used to model watershed response to rainfall of different durations. Limitations and uses of unit hydrographs are also summarized.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las transacciones con bancos rusos clave y la prohibición de la venta de aviones y equipos a Rusia. Los líderes de la UE esperan que las sanciones aumenten la presión económica sobre Rusia y la disuadan de continuar su agresión contra Ucrania.
This document provides an overview of Module 1 of the Advanced Hydrology course. The objective of Module 1 is to introduce the phenomena of weather, the hydrologic cycle, and hydrologic losses/measurements. The module will cover topics like weather, the different stages of the hydrologic cycle, hydrologic losses, and analytical and empirical measurement methods. The first lecture will cover weather, the atmospheric layers, wind belts, cloud types, precipitation events, and factors affecting the Indian climate and its seasons.
This document summarizes aeolian (wind-related) processes and landforms. It describes the three main aeolian processes of erosion, transportation, and deposition by wind. Erosion occurs through deflation, corrasion/abrasion, and attrition. Transportation is by saltation, suspension, and rolling/traction. Deposition results from decreases in wind velocity. Aeolian landforms include erosional features like ventifacts, yardangs, and desert pavements, as well as depositional landforms such as loess, dunes, and ripples that are formed by the accumulation of wind-blown sediments. Different types of dunes like barchan, transverse, and parabolic d
Short power point made by AS/A Level students with the aim of explaining Storm Hydrographs and the foundations of the Drainage Basin Hydrological Cycle.
This document discusses runoff and provides definitions, processes, types, factors affecting runoff, and methods to estimate runoff. It defines runoff as the portion of precipitation that flows towards rivers and oceans as surface or subsurface flow. The key types of runoff discussed are surface runoff, subsurface/interflow, and baseflow. Factors affecting runoff include precipitation characteristics, catchment characteristics, topography, geology, and storage features. Methods to estimate runoff include direct measurement and indirect methods like empirical formulas, the rational method, and unit hydrograph analysis.
The more you know about a country is the more you want to visit and explore that country. Singapore is one such country where thousands of people visit as tourists still they are unaware of some interesting facts about Singapore. Let Us Learn some of them, mentioning..
1. Culture
2. festivals
3. Religions
4. Flag
5.dishes
6. Wildlife
9. What Singapore is famous for.
Slope, processes & development lesson 8Ms Geoflake
This document discusses slope processes and development. It defines key slope concepts like regolith, bedrock, and soil blankets. It describes three common slope shapes: convex, concave, and rectilinear. Factors that influence slope formation are also outlined, including climate, geology, regolith properties, and vegetation. Mechanisms of slope failure are then explained through concepts of shear strength, gravitational forces, angle of repose, and dynamic equilibrium.
This chapter discusses two main processes that shape the Earth's surface topography: climatic and vegetative zonation, and geographical cycles. Zonation divides the Earth into climate zones from poles to equator based on factors like latitude and vegetation. Geographical cycles describe the evolution of landscapes through youth, maturity, and old age stages. While zonation and cycles were originally seen as competing theories, they are now viewed as often complementary. Zonation has influenced paleogeography and sedimentation since life became widespread, while cycles better describe some arid landscapes. Both processes, along with tectonics and eustatic sea level changes, have interacted to sculpt the Earth's surface over geological time.
The document discusses theories of isostasy and plate tectonics. The theory of isostasy explains how mountains maintain their elevation despite erosion, through vertical movements that restore equilibrium as the crust adjusts to changes at the surface. Plate tectonic theory unified earlier concepts by proposing that the outer shell of the Earth is made of rigid plates that move due to convection currents, interacting at plate boundaries through divergence, convergence, or sliding. This causes geological phenomena like earthquakes, mountain building, and volcanic activity as plates adjust to maintain isostatic balance.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. Regular exercise can improve cardiovascular health, reduce stress and anxiety, boost mood, and enhance cognitive function. Staying physically active for at least 30 minutes each day is recommended for significant health benefits.
This document discusses various techniques for measuring stream flow, which is the volume of water moving through a designated point over time. It describes common methods like the velocity-area method, using a weir, and the bucket method. It also outlines different types of meters that can directly measure flow properties like velocity, including pygmy meters, vortex meters, and current meters. Accurately measuring stream flow is important for applications like flood prediction, assessing water and sediment levels over time, and monitoring long-term climate changes. A combination of techniques may be needed to account for variability in flow across seasons.
Adab 2016 أدب المرحلة الثانية للصف الثالث الثانوية هدية خالد عبد الباسط
Www.Th5stars.com
ثانوية خمس نجوم هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب
أدب المرحلة الثانية للصف الثالث الثانوية هدية
أدب المرحلة الثانية للصف الثالث الثانوية هدية
أدب المرحلة الثانية للصف الثالث الثانوية هدية
Coastal erosional processes and landforms lesson 4Ms Geoflake
The document discusses coastal erosion processes and landforms. It describes the four main erosion processes as corrosion, abrasion, solution, and hydraulic action (CASH). These processes break down and transport sediment, forming features like sea cliffs, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps. Waves erode the base of cliffs and headlands through processes like hydraulic action, creating wave-cut notches and platforms that eventually result in arches and isolated rock columns. Alternating hard and soft rock layers produce headlands and bays along discordant coastlines.
This document discusses key concepts in hydrology including hyetographs, hydrographs, unit hydrographs, and instantaneous unit hydrographs. It defines each term and concept and provides examples to illustrate them. Specifically, it defines a hyetograph as a plot of rainfall intensity over time, a hydrograph as a plot of discharge over time, and unit and instantaneous unit hydrographs as tools used to model watershed response to rainfall of different durations. Limitations and uses of unit hydrographs are also summarized.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las transacciones con bancos rusos clave y la prohibición de la venta de aviones y equipos a Rusia. Los líderes de la UE esperan que las sanciones aumenten la presión económica sobre Rusia y la disuadan de continuar su agresión contra Ucrania.
This document provides an overview of Module 1 of the Advanced Hydrology course. The objective of Module 1 is to introduce the phenomena of weather, the hydrologic cycle, and hydrologic losses/measurements. The module will cover topics like weather, the different stages of the hydrologic cycle, hydrologic losses, and analytical and empirical measurement methods. The first lecture will cover weather, the atmospheric layers, wind belts, cloud types, precipitation events, and factors affecting the Indian climate and its seasons.
This document summarizes aeolian (wind-related) processes and landforms. It describes the three main aeolian processes of erosion, transportation, and deposition by wind. Erosion occurs through deflation, corrasion/abrasion, and attrition. Transportation is by saltation, suspension, and rolling/traction. Deposition results from decreases in wind velocity. Aeolian landforms include erosional features like ventifacts, yardangs, and desert pavements, as well as depositional landforms such as loess, dunes, and ripples that are formed by the accumulation of wind-blown sediments. Different types of dunes like barchan, transverse, and parabolic d
Short power point made by AS/A Level students with the aim of explaining Storm Hydrographs and the foundations of the Drainage Basin Hydrological Cycle.
This document discusses runoff and provides definitions, processes, types, factors affecting runoff, and methods to estimate runoff. It defines runoff as the portion of precipitation that flows towards rivers and oceans as surface or subsurface flow. The key types of runoff discussed are surface runoff, subsurface/interflow, and baseflow. Factors affecting runoff include precipitation characteristics, catchment characteristics, topography, geology, and storage features. Methods to estimate runoff include direct measurement and indirect methods like empirical formulas, the rational method, and unit hydrograph analysis.
The more you know about a country is the more you want to visit and explore that country. Singapore is one such country where thousands of people visit as tourists still they are unaware of some interesting facts about Singapore. Let Us Learn some of them, mentioning..
1. Culture
2. festivals
3. Religions
4. Flag
5.dishes
6. Wildlife
9. What Singapore is famous for.
Slope, processes & development lesson 8Ms Geoflake
This document discusses slope processes and development. It defines key slope concepts like regolith, bedrock, and soil blankets. It describes three common slope shapes: convex, concave, and rectilinear. Factors that influence slope formation are also outlined, including climate, geology, regolith properties, and vegetation. Mechanisms of slope failure are then explained through concepts of shear strength, gravitational forces, angle of repose, and dynamic equilibrium.
This chapter discusses two main processes that shape the Earth's surface topography: climatic and vegetative zonation, and geographical cycles. Zonation divides the Earth into climate zones from poles to equator based on factors like latitude and vegetation. Geographical cycles describe the evolution of landscapes through youth, maturity, and old age stages. While zonation and cycles were originally seen as competing theories, they are now viewed as often complementary. Zonation has influenced paleogeography and sedimentation since life became widespread, while cycles better describe some arid landscapes. Both processes, along with tectonics and eustatic sea level changes, have interacted to sculpt the Earth's surface over geological time.
The document discusses theories of isostasy and plate tectonics. The theory of isostasy explains how mountains maintain their elevation despite erosion, through vertical movements that restore equilibrium as the crust adjusts to changes at the surface. Plate tectonic theory unified earlier concepts by proposing that the outer shell of the Earth is made of rigid plates that move due to convection currents, interacting at plate boundaries through divergence, convergence, or sliding. This causes geological phenomena like earthquakes, mountain building, and volcanic activity as plates adjust to maintain isostatic balance.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. Regular exercise can improve cardiovascular health, reduce stress and anxiety, boost mood, and enhance cognitive function. Staying physically active for at least 30 minutes each day is recommended for significant health benefits.
أعمال الشواطئ وتشمل :-
استصلاح الشواطئ
الدفن
ازالة قطع المرجان والصخور الحادة
تنظيف النفط المتسرب
القاء النفايات مقابل الشاطئ
أعقاب السجائر
أعمال الحواجز الخرسانية
أعمال الطرق والامدادات
أعمال المرافق العامة
حماية الشواطئ