Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang penggunaan sistem grid dan kolom dalam desain grafis untuk mengorganisasi konten secara efektif. Sistem grid membantu menciptakan komposisi visual yang komunikatif dan estetis dengan mendefinisikan ruang dan modul untuk menempatkan teks dan gambar.
This document discusses potential tradeoffs of replacing core Django components like the template engine and ORM. It recommends only making these changes if performance issues have been clearly identified and validated, caching and other optimizations have been exhausted, and the risks of losing compatibility are accepted. Specifically upgrading Django itself or replacing the template engine prematurely is not advised without ensuring the new approach is better suited to identified needs.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang penggunaan sistem grid dan kolom dalam desain grafis untuk mengorganisasi konten secara efektif. Sistem grid membantu menciptakan komposisi visual yang komunikatif dan estetis dengan mendefinisikan ruang dan modul untuk menempatkan teks dan gambar.
This document discusses potential tradeoffs of replacing core Django components like the template engine and ORM. It recommends only making these changes if performance issues have been clearly identified and validated, caching and other optimizations have been exhausted, and the risks of losing compatibility are accepted. Specifically upgrading Django itself or replacing the template engine prematurely is not advised without ensuring the new approach is better suited to identified needs.
1. The document discusses Victor Turner's theories on ritual and liminality, separating ritual into three phases: pre-liminal (separation), liminal (transition), and post-liminal (reincorporation).
2. The liminal phase involves constructing communitas, where group members share experiences and goals, helping to clarify identity.
3. Rituals can transform participants and allow them to change themselves and society through symbolic action in the liminal state, which provides a safe space to try new possibilities.
- Rituals deal with seasonal, contingent, life-crisis events and afflictions according to Turner's classification. Ritual subjects experience three phases: separation, limen/margin, and aggregation.
- In the liminal period, ritual subjects are ambiguous and treated as neither male nor female. There is equality and submission between neophytes and instructors.
- Traditional societies integrate ritual and liminality into all aspects of life, while post-industrial societies separate work and leisure, individualizing rituals and creating liminoid phenomena that are not obligatory.
1. The document discusses Victor Turner's theories on ritual and liminality, separating ritual into three phases: pre-liminal (separation), liminal (transition), and post-liminal (reincorporation).
2. The liminal phase involves constructing communitas, where group members share experiences and goals, helping to clarify identity.
3. Rituals can transform participants and allow them to change themselves and society through symbolic action in the liminal state, which provides a safe space to try new possibilities.
- Rituals deal with seasonal, contingent, life-crisis events and afflictions according to Turner's classification. Ritual subjects experience three phases: separation, limen/margin, and aggregation.
- In the liminal period, ritual subjects are ambiguous and treated as neither male nor female. There is equality and submission between neophytes and instructors.
- Traditional societies integrate ritual and liminality into all aspects of life, while post-industrial societies separate work and leisure, individualizing rituals and creating liminoid phenomena that are not obligatory.
2. 一種平等無私的氛圍與親密的同伴情誼,這樣一個目標若化為過渡狀態的任務,用 Turner 的話
來說就是要建構一個 communitas(合一交融)的共同體,而些一 communitas 的基礎
就來自於成員們擁有共同的經驗(ex.喪親經驗)與享有共同的目標。
☆Liminal circle: Redressive Process
3. Post-Liminal Phase (後過渡階段)
☆Reaggregation: through “communitas” (group dynamic)
認同計劃(Identity Plan):
Empower: 「地位強化」(status elevation)/Romance→I have power
Reframe: 「地位轉化」(status reversal)/Comedy
Rituals as Symbolic Action
Turner regarded ritual as a drama in which the participants are the actors:
Turner 將儀式定義為象徵性的行動,而各種象徵的符號則成為儀式中有意義的
載體(The Meaningful Vehicles of Ritual),他認為透過儀式中的活動與經驗,能讓
儀式的參與者具有改變社會的力量,因此儀式即為一社會劇(social drama)。而藝
術治療與 Turner 社會劇概念所不同的是藝術治療活動要讓參與者能具有改變他
們自己的力量。然而,是什麼力量能讓治療活動的成員改變他們自己?或者說有