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量子フーリエ変換まとめ
静岡県立磐田南高等学校 理数科 2年
Nakamura Fuki
量子フーリエ変換とは…離散フーリエ変換を量子ビット上で再現する。
ショアのアルゴリズムや量子位相推定で使われる。
離散フーリエ変換・・・限られた地点での𝑓𝑥の情報から𝑁個の波とその係数𝐹𝑦で元の関数𝑓を表す。
下記の①の式を用いてベクトル 𝑓0, ⋯ , 𝑓𝑁−1 をベクトル 𝐹0, ⋯ , 𝐹𝑁−1 に変換する。
𝐹𝑦 =
1
𝑁 𝑥=0
𝑁−1
𝑓𝑥𝜔𝑁
𝑥𝑦
ただし 𝜔𝑁
𝑥𝑦
= 𝑒2𝜋𝑖
𝑥𝑦
𝑁 ・・・①
量子フーリエ変換では同様に①の式を用いて量子状態 𝑥=0
𝑁−1
𝑓𝑥|𝑥⟩ を量子状態 𝑦=0
𝑁−1
𝐹𝑦|𝑦⟩ に変換する。
また①は右のユニタリー行列で表せる。
フーリエ変換 𝐹 𝜔 =
1
2𝜋 −∞
∞
𝑓 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑒−𝑖𝜔𝑥
𝑑𝑥
フーリエ逆変換 𝑓 𝑥 =
1
2𝜋 −∞
∞
𝐹 𝜔 ⋅ 𝑒−𝑖𝜔𝑥
𝑑𝜔
<0|1>=0
<0|0>=1
𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑦
𝐹𝑦𝜔𝑁
−𝑥𝑦
𝐹 𝑦 =
𝑥
𝑓𝑥𝜔𝑁
𝑥𝑦
|𝑓⟩ =
𝑥
𝑓𝑥|𝑥⟩
|𝐹⟩ =
𝑦
𝐹𝑦|𝑦⟩
< 𝑥′|𝑥 >= 𝛿𝑥′𝑥
𝑈𝑄𝐹𝑇 𝑓 =
𝑥′ 𝑦′
𝜔𝑁
𝑥′𝑦′
𝑦′
< 𝑥′
|
𝑥
𝑓𝑥|𝑥⟩
=
𝑥′,𝑦′,𝑥
𝜔𝑁
𝑥′𝑦′
𝑓𝑥 𝑦′
< 𝑥′
|𝑥⟩
=
𝑥′,𝑦′,𝑥
𝜔𝑁
𝑥′𝑦′
𝑓𝑥 𝑦′
𝛿𝑥′𝑥
=
𝑥′,𝑦′,𝑥
𝜔𝑁
𝑥′𝑦′
𝑓𝑥 𝑦′
=
𝑦′ 𝑥′
𝜔𝑁
𝑥′𝑦′
𝑓𝑥′ |𝑦′⟩
=
𝑦
𝐹𝑦 𝑦 = |𝐹⟩
よって𝑈𝑄𝐹𝑇 𝑓 = |𝐹⟩
𝑒 𝑖 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑒𝑥0+𝑥1+𝑥2+⋯
= 𝑒𝑥0 𝑒𝑥1𝑒𝑥2 … = Π𝑖𝑒𝑥𝑖
𝑁 = 2𝑛, 𝜔𝑁
𝑥𝑦
= 𝑒2𝜋𝑖
𝑥𝑦
𝑁
量子フーリエ変換
を数式で表す
Textbookより引用
https://qiskit.org/textbook/ja/ch-algorithms/quantum-fourier-transform.html
1量子ビットの時すなわち、n=1の時
𝑁 = 21 = 2 𝑥 = 𝑞0
𝑄𝐹𝑇 x =
1
2
0 + 𝑒
2𝜋𝑖
21 𝑞0
|1⟩
=
1
2
0 + 𝑒𝜋𝑖𝑞0|1⟩
𝑞0 = 0 の時
1
2
0 + 𝑒𝜋𝑖𝑞0|1⟩
=
1
2
0 + |1⟩
𝑞0 = 1 の時
1
2
0 + 𝑒𝜋𝑖𝑞0|1⟩
=
1
2
0 − |1⟩
よって1量子ビットのQFTはHゲートとなる
1量子ビットの
量子フーリエ変換
𝑄𝐹𝑇 x =
1
4
0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
1
2
𝑥
|1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
1
4
𝑥
|1⟩
=
1
4
0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
2𝑞1
+𝑞0
2 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
2𝑞1
+𝑞0
4 |1⟩
=
1
4
0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅𝑞1 ⋅ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
𝑞0
2 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
𝑞1
2 ⋅ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
𝑞0
4 |1⟩
=
1
4
0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
𝑞0
2 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒
2𝜋𝑖⋅
𝑞1
2
+
𝑞0
4 |1⟩
2量子ビットの時すなわち、n=2の時
𝑁 = 22 = 4 𝑥 = 2𝑞1 + 𝑞0(xを二進法表記する)
𝑞0 ⋅
1
4
+ 𝑞1 ⋅
1
2
=
2𝑞1+𝑞0
4
=
𝑥
4
この数式を回路上で再現すると下記の通りになる
この回路の各状態について調べる
2量子ビットの
量子フーリエ変換
𝑞0 ⊗ 𝑞1
|𝑞0⟩ ⊗(|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞1⋅
1
2 |1>)
|𝑞0⟩ ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞1⋅
1
2 𝑒
𝑖𝜋
2
𝑞0
|0⟩)
=|𝑞0⟩ ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖(
𝑞1
2
+
𝑞0
4
)
|0⟩)
(|0⟩ + 𝑒
𝑖2𝜋
𝑞0
2 |1⟩) ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖(
𝑞1
2
+
𝑞0
4
)
|0⟩
これよりこの回路によって
2量子ビットのフーリエ変換ができたことが確かめられた
回路で見る2量子ビットの
量子フーリエ変換
3量子ビットの
量子フーリエ変換 3量子ビットの時すなわち、n=3の時
𝑁 = 23
= 8 𝑥 = 4𝑞2 + 2𝑞1 + 𝑞0(xを二進法表記する)
𝑄𝐹𝑇 x =
1
8
0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
1
2
𝑥
|1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
1
4
𝑥
|1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
1
8
𝑥
|1⟩
=
1
8
0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
4𝑞2+2𝑞1
+𝑞0
2 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
4𝑞2+2𝑞1
+𝑞0
4 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
4𝑞2+2𝑞1
+𝑞0
8 |1⟩
=
1
8
0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅2𝑞2 ⋅ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅𝑞1 ⋅ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖
𝑞0
2 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅𝑞2 ⋅ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
𝑞1
2 ⋅ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
𝑞0
4 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
𝑞2
2 ⋅ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
𝑞1
4 ⋅ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
𝑞0
8 |1⟩
=
1
8
0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅
𝑞0
2 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒
2𝜋𝑖⋅
𝑞1
2
+
𝑞0
4 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒
2𝜋𝑖⋅
𝑞2
2
+
𝑞1
4
+
𝑞0
8 |1⟩
𝑞0 ⋅
1
4
+ 𝑞1 ⋅
1
2
+ 𝑞2=
4q2+2𝑞1+𝑞0
4
=
𝑥
4
この数式を回路上で再現すると下記の通りになる
この回路の各状態について調べる
𝑞0 ⊗ 𝑞1 ⊗ 𝑞2
|𝑞0⟩ ⊗ |𝑞1⟩ ⊗(|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞2⋅
1
2 |1>)
|𝑞0⟩ ⊗ |𝑞1⟩ ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞2⋅
1
2 𝑒
𝑖𝜋
4
𝑞0
|0⟩)
= |𝑞0⟩ ⊗ |𝑞1⟩ ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖(
𝑞2
4
+
𝑞0
8
)
|0⟩)
|𝑞0⟩ ⊗ |𝑞1⟩ ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒
2𝜋𝑖
𝑞2
4
+
𝑞0
8 𝑒
𝑖𝜋
2
𝑞1
|0⟩)
=|𝑞0⟩ ⊗ |𝑞1⟩ ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖(
𝑞2
2
+
𝑞1
4
+
𝑞0
8
)
|0⟩)
これよりこの回路によって
3量子ビットのフーリエ変換ができたことが確かめられた
回路で見る3量子ビットの
量子フーリエ変換
|𝑞0⟩ ⊗ (|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞1⋅
1
2 |1>) ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖(
𝑞2
2
+
𝑞1
4
+
𝑞0
8
)
|0⟩)
|𝑞0⟩ ⊗ (|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞1⋅
1
2 𝑒
𝑖𝜋
2
𝑞0
|1>) ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒
2𝜋𝑖
𝑞2
2
+
𝑞1
4
+
𝑞0
8 |0⟩)
=|𝑞0⟩ ⊗ (|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 (
𝑞1
2
+
𝑞0
4
)
|1>) ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒
2𝜋𝑖
𝑞2
2
+
𝑞1
4
+
𝑞0
8 |0⟩)
(|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞0⋅
1
2 |1>) ⊗ (|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 (
𝑞1
2
+
𝑞0
4
)
|1>) ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒
2𝜋𝑖
𝑞2
2
+
𝑞1
4
+
𝑞0
8 |0⟩)
問題
0 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋𝑞0 1 = 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋⋅
1
2 1
0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋𝑞1 1 = 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋
1
0 + 𝑒𝑖4𝜋𝑞2 1 = 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋⋅2
1
1
√8
0 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋
1 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋
1 0 + 𝑒𝑖4𝜋
1
=
1
√8
000 + 00 𝑒𝑖4𝜋
1 + 0 𝑒𝑖2𝜋
1 0 + 0⟩𝑒𝑖2𝜋
1 𝑒𝑖4𝜋
|1 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋
1⟩|0⟩|0 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋
1⟩|0⟩𝑒𝑖4𝜋
|1 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋
1⟩𝑒𝑖2𝜋
|1⟩|0 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋
1⟩𝑒𝑖2𝜋
|1⟩𝑒𝑖4𝜋
|1
=
1
√8
000 + 001 + 010 + 011 − 100 − 101 − 110 − 111
(|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞0⋅
1
2 |1>) ⊗ (|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 (
𝑞1
2
+
𝑞0
4
)
|1>) ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒
2𝜋𝑖
𝑞2
2
+
𝑞1
4
+
𝑞0
8 |0⟩)
𝑞0 = 1 , 𝑞1 = 2 , 𝑞2 = 4 を代入
1
√8
0 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋
1 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋
1 0 + 𝑒𝑖4𝜋
1 を回路で表現
|100>のフーリエ変換
Xゲートを用いて
|100>を作る
0 + 𝑒𝑖
3
4
𝜋𝑞0
1 = 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋⋅
3
8 1
0 + 𝑒𝑖
3
2𝜋𝑞0
1 = 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋⋅
3
4 1
0 + 𝑒𝑖3𝜋𝑞0 1 = 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋⋅
3
2 1
1
√8
0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋⋅
3
2 1 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋⋅
3
4 1 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋⋅
3
8 1
1
√8
0 − 1 0 − 𝑖 1 0 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋⋅
3
4 1
1
√8
000 + 00 𝑒
3𝜋𝑖
4 1 + 0 −𝑖 1 0 + 0 −𝑖 1 𝑒
3𝜋𝑖
4 1 − 1⟩|0⟩|0 − 1 0 𝑒
3𝜋𝑖
4 1 − 1⟩(−𝑖)|1⟩|0 − |1⟩(−𝑖)|1⟩𝑒
3𝑖𝜋
4 |1⟩
1
√8
000 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋⋅
3
4 001 − 𝑖 010 − 𝑖 ⋅ 𝑒𝑖𝜋⋅
3
4 011 − 100 − 𝑒𝑖𝜋⋅
3
4 101 + 𝑖 110 + 𝑖 ⋅ 𝑒𝑖𝜋⋅
3
4 111
|011>の
フーリエ変換

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量子フーリエ変換まとめ

  • 2. 量子フーリエ変換とは…離散フーリエ変換を量子ビット上で再現する。 ショアのアルゴリズムや量子位相推定で使われる。 離散フーリエ変換・・・限られた地点での𝑓𝑥の情報から𝑁個の波とその係数𝐹𝑦で元の関数𝑓を表す。 下記の①の式を用いてベクトル 𝑓0, ⋯ , 𝑓𝑁−1 をベクトル 𝐹0, ⋯ , 𝐹𝑁−1 に変換する。 𝐹𝑦 = 1 𝑁 𝑥=0 𝑁−1 𝑓𝑥𝜔𝑁 𝑥𝑦 ただし 𝜔𝑁 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑥𝑦 𝑁 ・・・① 量子フーリエ変換では同様に①の式を用いて量子状態 𝑥=0 𝑁−1 𝑓𝑥|𝑥⟩ を量子状態 𝑦=0 𝑁−1 𝐹𝑦|𝑦⟩ に変換する。 また①は右のユニタリー行列で表せる。 フーリエ変換 𝐹 𝜔 = 1 2𝜋 −∞ ∞ 𝑓 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑒−𝑖𝜔𝑥 𝑑𝑥 フーリエ逆変換 𝑓 𝑥 = 1 2𝜋 −∞ ∞ 𝐹 𝜔 ⋅ 𝑒−𝑖𝜔𝑥 𝑑𝜔 <0|1>=0 <0|0>=1
  • 3. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑦 𝐹𝑦𝜔𝑁 −𝑥𝑦 𝐹 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑓𝑥𝜔𝑁 𝑥𝑦 |𝑓⟩ = 𝑥 𝑓𝑥|𝑥⟩ |𝐹⟩ = 𝑦 𝐹𝑦|𝑦⟩ < 𝑥′|𝑥 >= 𝛿𝑥′𝑥 𝑈𝑄𝐹𝑇 𝑓 = 𝑥′ 𝑦′ 𝜔𝑁 𝑥′𝑦′ 𝑦′ < 𝑥′ | 𝑥 𝑓𝑥|𝑥⟩ = 𝑥′,𝑦′,𝑥 𝜔𝑁 𝑥′𝑦′ 𝑓𝑥 𝑦′ < 𝑥′ |𝑥⟩ = 𝑥′,𝑦′,𝑥 𝜔𝑁 𝑥′𝑦′ 𝑓𝑥 𝑦′ 𝛿𝑥′𝑥 = 𝑥′,𝑦′,𝑥 𝜔𝑁 𝑥′𝑦′ 𝑓𝑥 𝑦′ = 𝑦′ 𝑥′ 𝜔𝑁 𝑥′𝑦′ 𝑓𝑥′ |𝑦′⟩ = 𝑦 𝐹𝑦 𝑦 = |𝐹⟩ よって𝑈𝑄𝐹𝑇 𝑓 = |𝐹⟩
  • 4. 𝑒 𝑖 𝑥𝑖 = 𝑒𝑥0+𝑥1+𝑥2+⋯ = 𝑒𝑥0 𝑒𝑥1𝑒𝑥2 … = Π𝑖𝑒𝑥𝑖 𝑁 = 2𝑛, 𝜔𝑁 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑥𝑦 𝑁 量子フーリエ変換 を数式で表す Textbookより引用 https://qiskit.org/textbook/ja/ch-algorithms/quantum-fourier-transform.html
  • 5. 1量子ビットの時すなわち、n=1の時 𝑁 = 21 = 2 𝑥 = 𝑞0 𝑄𝐹𝑇 x = 1 2 0 + 𝑒 2𝜋𝑖 21 𝑞0 |1⟩ = 1 2 0 + 𝑒𝜋𝑖𝑞0|1⟩ 𝑞0 = 0 の時 1 2 0 + 𝑒𝜋𝑖𝑞0|1⟩ = 1 2 0 + |1⟩ 𝑞0 = 1 の時 1 2 0 + 𝑒𝜋𝑖𝑞0|1⟩ = 1 2 0 − |1⟩ よって1量子ビットのQFTはHゲートとなる 1量子ビットの 量子フーリエ変換
  • 6. 𝑄𝐹𝑇 x = 1 4 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 1 2 𝑥 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 1 4 𝑥 |1⟩ = 1 4 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 2𝑞1 +𝑞0 2 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 2𝑞1 +𝑞0 4 |1⟩ = 1 4 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅𝑞1 ⋅ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 𝑞0 2 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 𝑞1 2 ⋅ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 𝑞0 4 |1⟩ = 1 4 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 𝑞0 2 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒 2𝜋𝑖⋅ 𝑞1 2 + 𝑞0 4 |1⟩ 2量子ビットの時すなわち、n=2の時 𝑁 = 22 = 4 𝑥 = 2𝑞1 + 𝑞0(xを二進法表記する) 𝑞0 ⋅ 1 4 + 𝑞1 ⋅ 1 2 = 2𝑞1+𝑞0 4 = 𝑥 4 この数式を回路上で再現すると下記の通りになる この回路の各状態について調べる 2量子ビットの 量子フーリエ変換
  • 7. 𝑞0 ⊗ 𝑞1 |𝑞0⟩ ⊗(|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞1⋅ 1 2 |1>) |𝑞0⟩ ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞1⋅ 1 2 𝑒 𝑖𝜋 2 𝑞0 |0⟩) =|𝑞0⟩ ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖( 𝑞1 2 + 𝑞0 4 ) |0⟩) (|0⟩ + 𝑒 𝑖2𝜋 𝑞0 2 |1⟩) ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖( 𝑞1 2 + 𝑞0 4 ) |0⟩ これよりこの回路によって 2量子ビットのフーリエ変換ができたことが確かめられた 回路で見る2量子ビットの 量子フーリエ変換
  • 8. 3量子ビットの 量子フーリエ変換 3量子ビットの時すなわち、n=3の時 𝑁 = 23 = 8 𝑥 = 4𝑞2 + 2𝑞1 + 𝑞0(xを二進法表記する) 𝑄𝐹𝑇 x = 1 8 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 1 2 𝑥 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 1 4 𝑥 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 1 8 𝑥 |1⟩ = 1 8 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 4𝑞2+2𝑞1 +𝑞0 2 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 4𝑞2+2𝑞1 +𝑞0 4 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 4𝑞2+2𝑞1 +𝑞0 8 |1⟩ = 1 8 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅2𝑞2 ⋅ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅𝑞1 ⋅ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞0 2 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅𝑞2 ⋅ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 𝑞1 2 ⋅ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 𝑞0 4 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 𝑞2 2 ⋅ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 𝑞1 4 ⋅ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 𝑞0 8 |1⟩ = 1 8 0 + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖⋅ 𝑞0 2 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒 2𝜋𝑖⋅ 𝑞1 2 + 𝑞0 4 |1⟩ ⋅ 0 + 𝑒 2𝜋𝑖⋅ 𝑞2 2 + 𝑞1 4 + 𝑞0 8 |1⟩ 𝑞0 ⋅ 1 4 + 𝑞1 ⋅ 1 2 + 𝑞2= 4q2+2𝑞1+𝑞0 4 = 𝑥 4 この数式を回路上で再現すると下記の通りになる この回路の各状態について調べる
  • 9. 𝑞0 ⊗ 𝑞1 ⊗ 𝑞2 |𝑞0⟩ ⊗ |𝑞1⟩ ⊗(|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞2⋅ 1 2 |1>) |𝑞0⟩ ⊗ |𝑞1⟩ ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞2⋅ 1 2 𝑒 𝑖𝜋 4 𝑞0 |0⟩) = |𝑞0⟩ ⊗ |𝑞1⟩ ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖( 𝑞2 4 + 𝑞0 8 ) |0⟩) |𝑞0⟩ ⊗ |𝑞1⟩ ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒 2𝜋𝑖 𝑞2 4 + 𝑞0 8 𝑒 𝑖𝜋 2 𝑞1 |0⟩) =|𝑞0⟩ ⊗ |𝑞1⟩ ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖( 𝑞2 2 + 𝑞1 4 + 𝑞0 8 ) |0⟩) これよりこの回路によって 3量子ビットのフーリエ変換ができたことが確かめられた 回路で見る3量子ビットの 量子フーリエ変換 |𝑞0⟩ ⊗ (|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞1⋅ 1 2 |1>) ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒2𝜋𝑖( 𝑞2 2 + 𝑞1 4 + 𝑞0 8 ) |0⟩) |𝑞0⟩ ⊗ (|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞1⋅ 1 2 𝑒 𝑖𝜋 2 𝑞0 |1>) ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒 2𝜋𝑖 𝑞2 2 + 𝑞1 4 + 𝑞0 8 |0⟩) =|𝑞0⟩ ⊗ (|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 ( 𝑞1 2 + 𝑞0 4 ) |1>) ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒 2𝜋𝑖 𝑞2 2 + 𝑞1 4 + 𝑞0 8 |0⟩) (|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞0⋅ 1 2 |1>) ⊗ (|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 ( 𝑞1 2 + 𝑞0 4 ) |1>) ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒 2𝜋𝑖 𝑞2 2 + 𝑞1 4 + 𝑞0 8 |0⟩)
  • 10. 問題 0 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋𝑞0 1 = 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋⋅ 1 2 1 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋𝑞1 1 = 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋 1 0 + 𝑒𝑖4𝜋𝑞2 1 = 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋⋅2 1 1 √8 0 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋 1 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋 1 0 + 𝑒𝑖4𝜋 1 = 1 √8 000 + 00 𝑒𝑖4𝜋 1 + 0 𝑒𝑖2𝜋 1 0 + 0⟩𝑒𝑖2𝜋 1 𝑒𝑖4𝜋 |1 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋 1⟩|0⟩|0 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋 1⟩|0⟩𝑒𝑖4𝜋 |1 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋 1⟩𝑒𝑖2𝜋 |1⟩|0 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋 1⟩𝑒𝑖2𝜋 |1⟩𝑒𝑖4𝜋 |1 = 1 √8 000 + 001 + 010 + 011 − 100 − 101 − 110 − 111 (|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 𝑞0⋅ 1 2 |1>) ⊗ (|0>+ 𝑒2𝜋𝑖 ( 𝑞1 2 + 𝑞0 4 ) |1>) ⊗ (|0⟩ + 𝑒 2𝜋𝑖 𝑞2 2 + 𝑞1 4 + 𝑞0 8 |0⟩) 𝑞0 = 1 , 𝑞1 = 2 , 𝑞2 = 4 を代入 1 √8 0 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋 1 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋 1 0 + 𝑒𝑖4𝜋 1 を回路で表現
  • 12. 0 + 𝑒𝑖 3 4 𝜋𝑞0 1 = 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋⋅ 3 8 1 0 + 𝑒𝑖 3 2𝜋𝑞0 1 = 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋⋅ 3 4 1 0 + 𝑒𝑖3𝜋𝑞0 1 = 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋⋅ 3 2 1 1 √8 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋⋅ 3 2 1 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋⋅ 3 4 1 0 + 𝑒𝑖2𝜋⋅ 3 8 1 1 √8 0 − 1 0 − 𝑖 1 0 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋⋅ 3 4 1 1 √8 000 + 00 𝑒 3𝜋𝑖 4 1 + 0 −𝑖 1 0 + 0 −𝑖 1 𝑒 3𝜋𝑖 4 1 − 1⟩|0⟩|0 − 1 0 𝑒 3𝜋𝑖 4 1 − 1⟩(−𝑖)|1⟩|0 − |1⟩(−𝑖)|1⟩𝑒 3𝑖𝜋 4 |1⟩ 1 √8 000 + 𝑒𝑖𝜋⋅ 3 4 001 − 𝑖 010 − 𝑖 ⋅ 𝑒𝑖𝜋⋅ 3 4 011 − 100 − 𝑒𝑖𝜋⋅ 3 4 101 + 𝑖 110 + 𝑖 ⋅ 𝑒𝑖𝜋⋅ 3 4 111