1. The document describes the structure and function of neurons and the nervous system. It discusses the different types of neurons, their components like dendrites and axons, and how they transmit signals via action potentials. 2. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system connects to sensory receptors and muscles. 3. Neurons transmit signals through synapses using neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and norepinephrine. The sodium-potassium pump and action potentials allow neurons to rapidly transmit signals across long distances in the body and brain.

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(cell body) (nerve fiber)
4 - 25
(cell body) (nerve fiber) Dendrites
Axon
Mitochondria Dendrites
ER Axon
golgi body
1

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(myelin sheath)
(schwann cell)
(node of Ranvier)
3
( motor neuron )
( sensory neuron ) 1
2

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3
( unipolar neuron )
( association neuron ) 1
4-5
(multipolar neuron)
( bipolar neuron )
2
1
3

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( synapse )
-70
Na+
K+
ATP Na+
K+
Na+ 3Na+: 2K+
K+
4

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Na+
K+
Na+
(repolarization)
repolarization)
-70 + 50 + 50 -70
depolarization)
(depolarization)
5

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(action potential)
potential)
1 1
12
120
(neurotransmitter)
(acetylcholine) (norepinephrine)
(endorphine)
6

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2
(central nervous CNS)
(peripheral nervous
sytem: PNS)
3
3 (cerebrospinal fluid)
7

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(gray matter)
(white matter)
(Brain)
(forebrain)
(midbrain)
(hindbrain)
(olfactorybulm)
(cerebrum) (cerebellum)
(hypothalamus) (medulla
(thalamus) oblongata)
(optic lobe)
8

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(spinal cord)
(spinal cord)
31
(mixed never) 5
(cervical never) 8
(thoracal never) 12
(lumbar never) 5
(sacral never) 5
(coccygeal never) 1
4 2 (dorsal
horn)
horn) 2 (ventral horn)
horn)
root)
(dorsal root)
root)
(ventral root)
9

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1. (sodium –
potassium pump)
2.
3.
12
4.
5. (eustachian tube)
6.
10