Speed up Rails Responses

•

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The document discusses various techniques for speeding up web application responses, including template caching, caching of partial templates, action caching, browser caching utilizing conditional GET requests, optimizing database queries with caching, and using content delivery networks. Some specific techniques covered are caching templates and database queries in Redis, using cache keys tied to updated timestamps to automatically expire caches, and touching parent model timestamps to invalidate related child caches. The overall aim is to reduce response times through aggressive caching at multiple levels of the application stack.

Technology

SPEEDING UP OUR APPS
(not start up time)
Thursday, 30 May 13

Based on several billion requests to wikia
Thursday, 30 May 13

SPEEDING UP RESPONSES
Thursday, 30 May 13

SPEEDING UP RESPONSES
• Template Caching
Thursday, 30 May 13

SPEEDING UP RESPONSES
• Template Caching
• Partials
Thursday, 30 May 13

SPEEDING UP RESPONSES
• Template Caching
• Partials
• Actions
Thursday, 30 May 13

SPEEDING UP RESPONSES
• Template Caching
• Partials
• Actions
• Browser Caching
Thursday, 30 May 13

SPEEDING UP RESPONSES
• Template Caching
• Partials
• Actions
• Browser Caching
• CDN’s Everywhere
Thursday, 30 May 13

CACHING PARTIALS
• Self Expiring Cache Keys
• Nesting cached partials
• Touch Chains
Thursday, 30 May 13

SELF EXPIRING CACHE KEYS
• Calls #cache_key on @user
• [class]/[id]-[updated_at]
• ‘users/2-20130220103049’
Thursday, 30 May 13

CONTEXT IS KING
• Provide a unique key for each context
• Increment version when you change the html.
Thursday, 30 May 13

TOUCH CHAINS
• Sets the parent model’s #updated_at toTime.now
• Touch parents, not children
Thursday, 30 May 13

TOUCH CHAINS
LessonView LessonView LessonView
Enrollment Enrollment
User
Thursday, 30 May 13

NESTED CACHED PARTIALS
• Update enrollment = n-1 partials still cached.
• Parent cache expired, but uses many nested caches = quick to
rebuild
Thursday, 30 May 13

PAGE CACHING
• Saves entire page to xyz.html in public
• Can serve up as gzipped
• Fast!
• Generally useless for anything but public static content
Thursday, 30 May 13

ACTION CACHING
• Same as page caching but allows before ﬁlters
• Caches to the cache_store, not public folder
Thursday, 30 May 13

EXPIRING PAGE / ACTION
CACHES
• Manual cache clearing != fun
Thursday, 30 May 13

CONDITIONAL GETS
• Utilizes HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH and IF_MODIFIED_SINCE
• Returns a HEAD 304 (not modiﬁed) response
• Does not render any content
Thursday, 30 May 13

CONDITIONAL GETS
• 560ms
• 149ms
Thursday, 30 May 13

A BETTERTOUCH CHAIN
• updated_at on User? CHANGES ALLTHETIME
• belongs_to :user,
touch: :enrollments_updated_at
• updated_at columns for various children
Thursday, 30 May 13

CDN’S EVERYWHERE
• Speed of light is a limiting factor
• AU <-> US 110ms
• AU <-> AU 40ms
Thursday, 30 May 13

CDN’S AREN’T JUST FOR
STATIC CONTENT
SYN
SYNACK
RESPONSE
REQUEST
NO CDN
110ms
110ms
110ms
110ms
= 440ms
Thursday, 30 May 13

CDN’S AREN’T JUST FOR
STATIC CONTENT
SYN
SYNACK
RESPONSE
REQUEST
CDN
40ms
40ms
110ms
110ms
= 300ms (31% less)
CDN uses Keep Alive to
connect to origin (us)
Thursday, 30 May 13

SPEEDING UP RESPONSES
• Template Caching
• Partials
• Actions
• Browser Caching
• CDN’s Everywhere
• Bonus
Thursday, 30 May 13

ACTIVERECORD QUERY
CACHING
• Course Load (129.4ms) SELECT `courses`.* FROM `courses`
• CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT `courses`.* FROM `courses`
• Doesn’t work across requests
Thursday, 30 May 13

ACTIVERECORD QUERY
CACHING
• Caches AR query across requests in Redis
• Started GET "/visit/tag.gif" for 192.168.33.10 at 2013-02-20 11:28:28 +1100
Processing byVisitTagController#create as */*
[1m[36mUser Load (0.7ms)[0m [1mSELECT `users`.* FROM `users` WHERE `users`.`id` = 2 LIMIT 1[0m
[1m[35mFeature Load (0.4ms)[0m SELECT `features`.* FROM `features` WHERE `features`.`key` = 'intercept_renewal_failed_members' LIMIT 1
[1m[36mCACHE (0.0ms)[0m [1mSELECT `features`.* FROM `features` WHERE `features`.`key` = 'intercept_renewal_failed_members' LIMIT 1[0m
[1m[35mFeature Load (0.3ms)[0m SELECT `features`.* FROM `features` WHERE `features`.`key` = 'redirect_agreement_update' LIMIT 1
[1m[36mCACHE (0.0ms)[0m [1mSELECT `features`.* FROM `features` WHERE `features`.`key` = 'redirect_agreement_update' LIMIT 1[0m
[1m[35mFeature Load (0.4ms)[0m SELECT `features`.* FROM `features` WHERE `features`.`key` = 'testmode' LIMIT 1
[1m[36mCACHE (0.0ms)[0m [1mSELECT `features`.* FROM `features` WHERE `features`.`key` = 'testmode' LIMIT 1[0m
Completed 200 OK in 13ms (ActiveRecord: 1.8ms)
• Started GET "/visit/tag.gif" for 192.168.33.10 at 2013-02-20 11:28:28 +1100
Processing byVisitTagController#create as */*
Completed 200 OK in 13ms (ActiveRecord: 0ms)
Thursday, 30 May 13

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Speed up Rails Responses

1. SPEEDING UP OUR APPS (not start up time) Thursday, 30 May 13

2. Thursday, 30 May 13

3. ? Thursday, 30 May 13

4. Based on several billion requests to wikia Thursday, 30 May 13

5. SPEEDING UP RESPONSES Thursday, 30 May 13

6. SPEEDING UP RESPONSES • Template Caching Thursday, 30 May 13

7. SPEEDING UP RESPONSES • Template Caching • Partials Thursday, 30 May 13

8. SPEEDING UP RESPONSES • Template Caching • Partials • Actions Thursday, 30 May 13

9. SPEEDING UP RESPONSES • Template Caching • Partials • Actions • Browser Caching Thursday, 30 May 13

10. SPEEDING UP RESPONSES • Template Caching • Partials • Actions • Browser Caching • CDN’s Everywhere Thursday, 30 May 13

11. SPEEDING UP RESPONSES • Template Caching • Partials • Actions • Browser Caching • CDN’s Everywhere Thursday, 30 May 13

12. CACHING PARTIALS • Self Expiring Cache Keys • Nesting cached partials • Touch Chains Thursday, 30 May 13

13. SELF EXPIRING CACHE KEYS • Calls #cache_key on @user • [class]/[id]-[updated_at] • ‘users/2-20130220103049’ Thursday, 30 May 13

14. CONTEXT IS KING • Provide a unique key for each context • Increment version when you change the html. Thursday, 30 May 13

15. TOUCH CHAINS • Sets the parent model’s #updated_at toTime.now • Touch parents, not children Thursday, 30 May 13

16. TOUCH CHAINS LessonView LessonView LessonView Enrollment Enrollment User Thursday, 30 May 13

17. NESTED CACHED PARTIALS • Update enrollment = n-1 partials still cached. • Parent cache expired, but uses many nested caches = quick to rebuild Thursday, 30 May 13

18. SPEEDING UP RESPONSES • Template Caching • Partials • Actions • Browser Caching • CDN’s Everywhere Thursday, 30 May 13

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22. SPEEDING UP RESPONSES • Template Caching • Partials • Actions • Browser Caching • CDN’s Everywhere Thursday, 30 May 13

23. CONDITIONAL GETS • Utilizes HTTP_IF_NONE_MATCH and IF_MODIFIED_SINCE • Returns a HEAD 304 (not modiﬁed) response • Does not render any content Thursday, 30 May 13

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25. A BETTERTOUCH CHAIN • updated_at on User? CHANGES ALLTHETIME • belongs_to :user, touch: :enrollments_updated_at • updated_at columns for various children Thursday, 30 May 13

26. SPEEDING UP RESPONSES • Template Caching • Partials • Actions • Browser Caching • CDN’s Everywhere Thursday, 30 May 13

27. CDN’S EVERYWHERE • Speed of light is a limiting factor • AU <-> US 110ms • AU <-> AU 40ms Thursday, 30 May 13

28. CDN’S AREN’T JUST FOR STATIC CONTENT SYN SYNACK RESPONSE REQUEST NO CDN 110ms 110ms 110ms 110ms = 440ms Thursday, 30 May 13

29. CDN’S AREN’T JUST FOR STATIC CONTENT SYN SYNACK RESPONSE REQUEST CDN 40ms 40ms 110ms 110ms = 300ms (31% less) CDN uses Keep Alive to connect to origin (us) Thursday, 30 May 13

30. SPEEDING UP RESPONSES • Template Caching • Partials • Actions • Browser Caching • CDN’s Everywhere • Bonus Thursday, 30 May 13

31. ACTIVERECORD QUERY CACHING • Course Load (129.4ms) SELECT `courses`.* FROM `courses` • CACHE (0.0ms) SELECT `courses`.* FROM `courses` • Doesn’t work across requests Thursday, 30 May 13

32. ACTIVERECORD QUERY CACHING • Caches AR query across requests in Redis • Started GET "/visit/tag.gif" for 192.168.33.10 at 2013-02-20 11:28:28 +1100 Processing byVisitTagController#create as */* [1m[36mUser Load (0.7ms)[0m [1mSELECT ùsers`.* FROM ùsers` WHERE ùsers`.ìd` = 2 LIMIT 1[0m [1m[35mFeature Load (0.4ms)[0m SELECT `features`.* FROM `features` WHERE `features`.`key` = 'intercept_renewal_failed_members' LIMIT 1 [1m[36mCACHE (0.0ms)[0m [1mSELECT `features`.* FROM `features` WHERE `features`.`key` = 'intercept_renewal_failed_members' LIMIT 1[0m [1m[35mFeature Load (0.3ms)[0m SELECT `features`.* FROM `features` WHERE `features`.`key` = 'redirect_agreement_update' LIMIT 1 [1m[36mCACHE (0.0ms)[0m [1mSELECT `features`.* FROM `features` WHERE `features`.`key` = 'redirect_agreement_update' LIMIT 1[0m [1m[35mFeature Load (0.4ms)[0m SELECT `features`.* FROM `features` WHERE `features`.`key` = 'testmode' LIMIT 1 [1m[36mCACHE (0.0ms)[0m [1mSELECT `features`.* FROM `features` WHERE `features`.`key` = 'testmode' LIMIT 1[0m Completed 200 OK in 13ms (ActiveRecord: 1.8ms) • Started GET "/visit/tag.gif" for 192.168.33.10 at 2013-02-20 11:28:28 +1100 Processing byVisitTagController#create as */* Completed 200 OK in 13ms (ActiveRecord: 0ms) Thursday, 30 May 13

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