Speaking points for a presentation given at:
The Transformation of Academic Library Collecting
A Symposium Inspired by Dan C. Hazen
http://library.harvard.edu/hazen-symposium
The recently appointed Ivy Plus Director of Collection Initiatives Galadriel Chilton will discuss the initial steps underway to further the work for this network of libraries around a vision of collective collection development and management.
These slides were presented as part of a webinar to provide RLG Partnership institutions with the opportunity to learn more about the current work taking place in OCLC Research and discover new ways to become more engaged in the RLG Partnership.
Topics covered include: Green ILL Practices & Deaccessioning Decision Tree; Cloud Library; In-copyright Print Books; Evaluating Rights & Risk for Unpublished Materials;
Special Collections Survey; The Library's Role in Research Assessment; Data Curation; and Social Metadata. A preview of upcoming events, reports and webinars was also included.
When Rubber Meets the Road: Rethinking Your Library Collections by Roger Scho...Charleston Conference
This document summarizes a presentation given by Roger C. Schonfeld at the Charleston Conference on rethinking library collections. Schonfeld discusses how user needs are shifting away from print journals towards electronic formats. While user needs are changing, print collections still need to be preserved. Library collaborations can help reduce costs by ensuring at least one print copy is preserved while giving libraries more flexibility in managing local print collections. Schonfeld proposes a risk-informed, research-based approach to categorize materials based on their preservation needs and determine optimal levels of print preservation.
The document discusses how shared print repositories are transforming library services by allowing libraries to externalize collection management activities. It finds that approximately 20% of NYU's holdings are duplicated in HathiTrust and 10% are duplicated in HathiTrust and a single print repository. This suggests opportunities for NYU to further externalize print management by relying more on these shared collections. For shared repositories to realize their full potential, the document argues they will need to increase horizontal integration, develop governance models, and clearly communicate their value in order to accelerate libraries' transition away from solely managing their own print collections.
OCLC Research @ U of Calgary: New directions for metadata workflows across li...OCLC Research
Presentation used as scene setting for 2 days worth of discussion around library, archive & museum convergence, metadata workflows and single search at the University of Calgary.
An update to the art library community about OCLC Research activities, including:
Streamlining the Sharing of Special Collections
Undue Diligence
Cloud Library
Museum Data Exchange
Ivy Plus Libraries & Collective Collections - Speaking Points for ACRL NY 201...Galadriel Chilton
Working in a complicated, organic, evolving ecosystem that is today’s library collections environment, the Ivy Plus Libraries Collection Development Group is working towards collective collections across the partnership. This presentation will explore why this deep collaboration is necessary, what initiatives and programs are currently underway, and the highlights and challenges Galadriel has observed in the first 1.5 years as the inaugural Director of Collections Initiatives for Ivy Plus Libraries.
These slides were presented as part of a webinar to provide RLG Partnership institutions with the opportunity to learn more about the current work taking place in OCLC Research and discover new ways to become more engaged in the RLG Partnership.
Topics covered include: Green ILL Practices & Deaccessioning Decision Tree; Cloud Library; In-copyright Print Books; Evaluating Rights & Risk for Unpublished Materials;
Special Collections Survey; The Library's Role in Research Assessment; Data Curation; and Social Metadata. A preview of upcoming events, reports and webinars was also included.
When Rubber Meets the Road: Rethinking Your Library Collections by Roger Scho...Charleston Conference
This document summarizes a presentation given by Roger C. Schonfeld at the Charleston Conference on rethinking library collections. Schonfeld discusses how user needs are shifting away from print journals towards electronic formats. While user needs are changing, print collections still need to be preserved. Library collaborations can help reduce costs by ensuring at least one print copy is preserved while giving libraries more flexibility in managing local print collections. Schonfeld proposes a risk-informed, research-based approach to categorize materials based on their preservation needs and determine optimal levels of print preservation.
The document discusses how shared print repositories are transforming library services by allowing libraries to externalize collection management activities. It finds that approximately 20% of NYU's holdings are duplicated in HathiTrust and 10% are duplicated in HathiTrust and a single print repository. This suggests opportunities for NYU to further externalize print management by relying more on these shared collections. For shared repositories to realize their full potential, the document argues they will need to increase horizontal integration, develop governance models, and clearly communicate their value in order to accelerate libraries' transition away from solely managing their own print collections.
OCLC Research @ U of Calgary: New directions for metadata workflows across li...OCLC Research
Presentation used as scene setting for 2 days worth of discussion around library, archive & museum convergence, metadata workflows and single search at the University of Calgary.
An update to the art library community about OCLC Research activities, including:
Streamlining the Sharing of Special Collections
Undue Diligence
Cloud Library
Museum Data Exchange
Ivy Plus Libraries & Collective Collections - Speaking Points for ACRL NY 201...Galadriel Chilton
Working in a complicated, organic, evolving ecosystem that is today’s library collections environment, the Ivy Plus Libraries Collection Development Group is working towards collective collections across the partnership. This presentation will explore why this deep collaboration is necessary, what initiatives and programs are currently underway, and the highlights and challenges Galadriel has observed in the first 1.5 years as the inaugural Director of Collections Initiatives for Ivy Plus Libraries.
The Library in the Life of the User: Two Collection Directionslisld
Our understanding of library collections is changing in a digital, network environment. This presentation focuses on two trends in this context. First, the inside-out library is a trend which sees libraries support the creation, management and discoverability of institutional materials: research data, expertise, preprints, and so on. Second, the facilitated collection is a trend which sees libraries increasingly organize resources around user interests, whether these resources are external, collaborative or locally acquired.
This presentation was given at 'The transformation of academic library collecting: a symposium inspired by Dan C. Hazen'. Harvard Library, 20/21 Oct. 2016
The Evolving Collection and Shift to OpenLynn Connaway
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, and Cathy King. 2020. “The Evolving Collection and Shift to Open.” Presented at the Research Information Exchange, February 14, 2020, Melbourne, Australia.
OCLC fringe: The costs of "open" - preliminary results from a global OCLC survey led by Merrilee Proffitt, Senior Manager, OCLC Research.
Despite growing support for Open Science, Open Access, and Open Government Information, measures of impact, investment, and cost for libraries and research organisations remain largely unknown. In order to better understand this landscape, OCLC conducted a survey in 2018 that focused on libraries’ ambitions, realities, and investments in support of open content. This survey represents a significant early effort to qualify and quantify library efforts in the field of open content at an international scale, and it collected data on library open content activities across multiple internal silos, including: e-resources management, institutional repositories, CRIS systems, digitised heritage collections, data archives, born-digital (legal) deposit, and more. The survey received more than 700 responses from 82 countries, with 72 percent of the responses coming from research and library institutions, providing a rich sample.
In this presentation, OCLC examines definitions of “open” and shares preliminary findings on library investments, assessments and planning, leading participants in a discussion about the implications for our global and connected future, as well as opportunities for collective action.
Brief presentation on data driven collection development or evidence based collection development. Generally, some of the things to watch out for and advice on how to view your data.
The document summarizes notes from the Computers in Libraries 2012 conference. It discusses keynotes on creating innovative libraries and strategic planning goals. Notes cover trends in library services like meeting users wherever they are, enriching campus programs, and ensuring equitable access to knowledge. The conference reinforced ideas like using technology initiatives, capturing ideas, and providing opportunities for users to create content.
This document discusses collaboration among libraries, archives, and museums (LAMs). It begins with a brief history of these institutions, from early "Cabinets of Curiosity" to today's more integrated approaches. Examples of current collaborative projects are provided, ranging from digitization efforts to shared digital platforms. Key factors that can catalyze successful collaboration are identified, including having a shared vision, administrative support/mandate, incentives for participation, and dedicated resources. The document suggests areas for further study, such as longitudinal analyses of proposed projects and comparative examinations of collaboration in other domains. In closing, it acknowledges support from the RLG Programs/OCLC, and thanks workshop participants for their insights.
Data is supporting strategic decision making in libraries,
and the increasing prevalence of visualisation tools
offers quicker, easier and more accessible routes to data
analysis. Jisc has been developing its library analytics
offering, visualising data using tools such as Tableau.
These visualisations can save staff time and enable data to
be shared with more people, more widely, in an engaging
format. The session will present case studies illustrating
how libraries have used the tools to communicate statistical
information and the value and impact they have delivered.
Siobhan Burke, Jisc
The powers of consortia: scaling capacity, learning, innovation and influencelisld
Libraries and related organizations group together in a variety of ways to get their work done. They consort, for example, to lobby, to negotiate and license, and to build shared infrastructure.
However, there are other aspects of collective activity that are becoming more important. In fact, I suggest that two are increasingly central to successful library activity: these are learning and innovation.
Thinking this way about consortial activity suggests four areas where libraries come together to create scale advantages: capacity, learning, innovation, influence.
Some consortial organizations span several of these, some are more specialised.
This presentation will consider consortia under these headings. It will also briefly discuss how choices about scope, scale and sourcing are important decision points for consortia when considering their mission and investments.
This document provides an overview of collection development in academic libraries. It begins with definitions and frameworks for collection development. It then reviews related literature on collection development practices, models, and challenges in academic libraries. Specifically, it discusses evaluating existing collections, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and making recommendations for improvement. The main problem addressed is evaluating the collections of the Cebu Sacred Heart College library to determine how well it meets Commission on Higher Education standards and the needs of its users. Recommendations will be provided to strengthen areas of weakness and guide future collection development.
Crowdsourcing Digitization: Harnessing Workflows to Increase OutputGretchen Gueguen
Are the highly selective models of digital content creation satisfying user demands for
increasing access to our vast collection holdings? In this era of decreasing library
budgets and increasing responsibilities, is such a level of staffing possible at any but the
well-funded libraries? As a recent article in the New York Times estimated, it would take
1,800 years for the National Archives to digitize its text holdings at the current rate of
digitization1. Since November 2005, the University of Maryland libraries has engaged in
another model for digitization: a workflow model that harnesses the digitization already
being done by archivists and other staff for requests by patrons. By “crowdsourcing”
selection decisions in this way the libraries have built a collection of over 5,000 objects
from the holdings of the University Archives and Historical Manuscripts. This model is
based on two main principles:
· Selection: As one part of a programmatic approach to digitization, selections are
based on user request and added to the publicly accessible digital repository
· Image capture: Digitization itself proceeds on the premise that creating useful
surrogates is more important than digital reformatting. The path to a successful
workflow is fraught with perils, though.
The presenters will discuss the issues that have proven most effective and most difficult
in the large-scale digitization workflow in place at UM. They will highlight the technical
requirements chosen for images, metadata, and quality control and speak about how
they were, or in some cases were not, able to achieve them. In bringing to light these
issues we hope to continue an ongoing conversation (most recently articulated at
OCLC\'s \"Digitization Matters\" forum) about the purpose of digital collections and
standards of digital surrogate creation, especially in the age of mass digitization projects.
We hope to explore need to harness all of the library’s expertise and resources where
they can best be deployed.
Warwick Library Symposium | John MacColl, St Andrews and RLUKResearchLibrariesUK
John MacColl argues that research libraries need to collaborate at an international scale to address pressing issues like open access. He outlines 50 years of research library cooperation through initiatives like shared metadata infrastructure and digitization projects. Experts advocate for more coordination and reliance on networks through strategies like conscious coordination. MacColl proposes establishing a Forum of International Research Library Organisations to provide leadership and leverage to guide collaborative solutions and shape policies at an international level to optimize research libraries globally.
Library collections and the emerging scholarly recordlisld
A high level review of collection trends followed by a summary of recent work on the evolving scholarly record.
Presented at the OCLC Research Library Partnership meeting at the University of Melbourne, 2 December 2015.
Libraries, collections, technology: presented at Pennylvania State University...lisld
Library collections are changing in a network environment. This presentation considers how collections are being reconfigured, it looks at research support services, and it explores the shift from the purchased/licensed collection to the facilitated collection.
This document discusses the role of open access and open educational resources in distance education. It begins by introducing the open access spectrum, including open content, publishing, data, and educational resources. It then covers the open access debate around issues like funding models and researcher resistance. Examples of open access initiatives at IDS are provided. Survey responses from libraries indicate variable support for open access, with some producing open journals or training staff and students. The conclusion discusses advantages of open access for reaching global and distance students and the need for libraries, IT, and academics to work together to build awareness and make resources available through open access.
This document discusses considerations for researching existing social action organizations to help with a campaign for Surfers Against Sewage (SAS). It notes that looking at three different organizations would provide a diverse range of information without being one-sided. The research would examine elements like how organizations operate, communicate, and undertake activities. Sensitivity is important in researching social issues that help disadvantaged groups. Organizations may not want to share all information, but alternative groups could be examined. Finished materials may be displayed in coastal areas and published nationwide to raise awareness of coastal problems and solutions individuals can implement. Funding can be an issue for SAS as their work is voluntary, requiring fundraising and charity events to support printing materials and environmental work.
The document summarizes key points from a conference on libraries and assessment held at Syracuse University from June 12-13, 2012. Some of the main ideas discussed were that libraries need to transform from solely being repositories to places for collaboration and social activities. Libraries also need to focus on access over collections and partner more closely with faculty. Assessment of library services and spaces also needs to change to keep up with new technologies and student needs.
Make It @ Your Library: Sharing Maker Resources and Ideaspint0joe
This document discusses partnerships between libraries and maker organizations to promote making and STEAM activities in libraries. It provides examples of maker programs at various libraries, including makerspaces with 3D printing and robotics. It also describes a survey of Illinois libraries about their interest and involvement in maker programs. The document proposes circulating maker tool kits between libraries and establishing partnerships to help more libraries develop maker programs and services.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
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The Library in the Life of the User: Two Collection Directionslisld
Our understanding of library collections is changing in a digital, network environment. This presentation focuses on two trends in this context. First, the inside-out library is a trend which sees libraries support the creation, management and discoverability of institutional materials: research data, expertise, preprints, and so on. Second, the facilitated collection is a trend which sees libraries increasingly organize resources around user interests, whether these resources are external, collaborative or locally acquired.
This presentation was given at 'The transformation of academic library collecting: a symposium inspired by Dan C. Hazen'. Harvard Library, 20/21 Oct. 2016
The Evolving Collection and Shift to OpenLynn Connaway
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni, and Cathy King. 2020. “The Evolving Collection and Shift to Open.” Presented at the Research Information Exchange, February 14, 2020, Melbourne, Australia.
OCLC fringe: The costs of "open" - preliminary results from a global OCLC survey led by Merrilee Proffitt, Senior Manager, OCLC Research.
Despite growing support for Open Science, Open Access, and Open Government Information, measures of impact, investment, and cost for libraries and research organisations remain largely unknown. In order to better understand this landscape, OCLC conducted a survey in 2018 that focused on libraries’ ambitions, realities, and investments in support of open content. This survey represents a significant early effort to qualify and quantify library efforts in the field of open content at an international scale, and it collected data on library open content activities across multiple internal silos, including: e-resources management, institutional repositories, CRIS systems, digitised heritage collections, data archives, born-digital (legal) deposit, and more. The survey received more than 700 responses from 82 countries, with 72 percent of the responses coming from research and library institutions, providing a rich sample.
In this presentation, OCLC examines definitions of “open” and shares preliminary findings on library investments, assessments and planning, leading participants in a discussion about the implications for our global and connected future, as well as opportunities for collective action.
Brief presentation on data driven collection development or evidence based collection development. Generally, some of the things to watch out for and advice on how to view your data.
The document summarizes notes from the Computers in Libraries 2012 conference. It discusses keynotes on creating innovative libraries and strategic planning goals. Notes cover trends in library services like meeting users wherever they are, enriching campus programs, and ensuring equitable access to knowledge. The conference reinforced ideas like using technology initiatives, capturing ideas, and providing opportunities for users to create content.
This document discusses collaboration among libraries, archives, and museums (LAMs). It begins with a brief history of these institutions, from early "Cabinets of Curiosity" to today's more integrated approaches. Examples of current collaborative projects are provided, ranging from digitization efforts to shared digital platforms. Key factors that can catalyze successful collaboration are identified, including having a shared vision, administrative support/mandate, incentives for participation, and dedicated resources. The document suggests areas for further study, such as longitudinal analyses of proposed projects and comparative examinations of collaboration in other domains. In closing, it acknowledges support from the RLG Programs/OCLC, and thanks workshop participants for their insights.
Data is supporting strategic decision making in libraries,
and the increasing prevalence of visualisation tools
offers quicker, easier and more accessible routes to data
analysis. Jisc has been developing its library analytics
offering, visualising data using tools such as Tableau.
These visualisations can save staff time and enable data to
be shared with more people, more widely, in an engaging
format. The session will present case studies illustrating
how libraries have used the tools to communicate statistical
information and the value and impact they have delivered.
Siobhan Burke, Jisc
The powers of consortia: scaling capacity, learning, innovation and influencelisld
Libraries and related organizations group together in a variety of ways to get their work done. They consort, for example, to lobby, to negotiate and license, and to build shared infrastructure.
However, there are other aspects of collective activity that are becoming more important. In fact, I suggest that two are increasingly central to successful library activity: these are learning and innovation.
Thinking this way about consortial activity suggests four areas where libraries come together to create scale advantages: capacity, learning, innovation, influence.
Some consortial organizations span several of these, some are more specialised.
This presentation will consider consortia under these headings. It will also briefly discuss how choices about scope, scale and sourcing are important decision points for consortia when considering their mission and investments.
This document provides an overview of collection development in academic libraries. It begins with definitions and frameworks for collection development. It then reviews related literature on collection development practices, models, and challenges in academic libraries. Specifically, it discusses evaluating existing collections, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and making recommendations for improvement. The main problem addressed is evaluating the collections of the Cebu Sacred Heart College library to determine how well it meets Commission on Higher Education standards and the needs of its users. Recommendations will be provided to strengthen areas of weakness and guide future collection development.
Crowdsourcing Digitization: Harnessing Workflows to Increase OutputGretchen Gueguen
Are the highly selective models of digital content creation satisfying user demands for
increasing access to our vast collection holdings? In this era of decreasing library
budgets and increasing responsibilities, is such a level of staffing possible at any but the
well-funded libraries? As a recent article in the New York Times estimated, it would take
1,800 years for the National Archives to digitize its text holdings at the current rate of
digitization1. Since November 2005, the University of Maryland libraries has engaged in
another model for digitization: a workflow model that harnesses the digitization already
being done by archivists and other staff for requests by patrons. By “crowdsourcing”
selection decisions in this way the libraries have built a collection of over 5,000 objects
from the holdings of the University Archives and Historical Manuscripts. This model is
based on two main principles:
· Selection: As one part of a programmatic approach to digitization, selections are
based on user request and added to the publicly accessible digital repository
· Image capture: Digitization itself proceeds on the premise that creating useful
surrogates is more important than digital reformatting. The path to a successful
workflow is fraught with perils, though.
The presenters will discuss the issues that have proven most effective and most difficult
in the large-scale digitization workflow in place at UM. They will highlight the technical
requirements chosen for images, metadata, and quality control and speak about how
they were, or in some cases were not, able to achieve them. In bringing to light these
issues we hope to continue an ongoing conversation (most recently articulated at
OCLC\'s \"Digitization Matters\" forum) about the purpose of digital collections and
standards of digital surrogate creation, especially in the age of mass digitization projects.
We hope to explore need to harness all of the library’s expertise and resources where
they can best be deployed.
Warwick Library Symposium | John MacColl, St Andrews and RLUKResearchLibrariesUK
John MacColl argues that research libraries need to collaborate at an international scale to address pressing issues like open access. He outlines 50 years of research library cooperation through initiatives like shared metadata infrastructure and digitization projects. Experts advocate for more coordination and reliance on networks through strategies like conscious coordination. MacColl proposes establishing a Forum of International Research Library Organisations to provide leadership and leverage to guide collaborative solutions and shape policies at an international level to optimize research libraries globally.
Library collections and the emerging scholarly recordlisld
A high level review of collection trends followed by a summary of recent work on the evolving scholarly record.
Presented at the OCLC Research Library Partnership meeting at the University of Melbourne, 2 December 2015.
Libraries, collections, technology: presented at Pennylvania State University...lisld
Library collections are changing in a network environment. This presentation considers how collections are being reconfigured, it looks at research support services, and it explores the shift from the purchased/licensed collection to the facilitated collection.
This document discusses the role of open access and open educational resources in distance education. It begins by introducing the open access spectrum, including open content, publishing, data, and educational resources. It then covers the open access debate around issues like funding models and researcher resistance. Examples of open access initiatives at IDS are provided. Survey responses from libraries indicate variable support for open access, with some producing open journals or training staff and students. The conclusion discusses advantages of open access for reaching global and distance students and the need for libraries, IT, and academics to work together to build awareness and make resources available through open access.
This document discusses considerations for researching existing social action organizations to help with a campaign for Surfers Against Sewage (SAS). It notes that looking at three different organizations would provide a diverse range of information without being one-sided. The research would examine elements like how organizations operate, communicate, and undertake activities. Sensitivity is important in researching social issues that help disadvantaged groups. Organizations may not want to share all information, but alternative groups could be examined. Finished materials may be displayed in coastal areas and published nationwide to raise awareness of coastal problems and solutions individuals can implement. Funding can be an issue for SAS as their work is voluntary, requiring fundraising and charity events to support printing materials and environmental work.
The document summarizes key points from a conference on libraries and assessment held at Syracuse University from June 12-13, 2012. Some of the main ideas discussed were that libraries need to transform from solely being repositories to places for collaboration and social activities. Libraries also need to focus on access over collections and partner more closely with faculty. Assessment of library services and spaces also needs to change to keep up with new technologies and student needs.
Make It @ Your Library: Sharing Maker Resources and Ideaspint0joe
This document discusses partnerships between libraries and maker organizations to promote making and STEAM activities in libraries. It provides examples of maker programs at various libraries, including makerspaces with 3D printing and robotics. It also describes a survey of Illinois libraries about their interest and involvement in maker programs. The document proposes circulating maker tool kits between libraries and establishing partnerships to help more libraries develop maker programs and services.
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Speaking Points - Hazen Symposium: Ivy Plus Libraries Collective Collections Development and Management
1. Hazen Symposium
October 20-21, 2016
Part II: Collective Collections
Galadriel Chilton, Ivy PlusDirectorof CollectionInitiatives
The recentlyappointedIvyPlusDirectorof CollectionInitiativesGaladriel Chiltonwilldiscussthe initial
stepsunderwaytofurtherthe workfor thisnetworkof librariesaroundavisionof collective collection
developmentandmanagement.
Slide SpeakingPoints
Good morning!ThankyouSarah the invitationtojoinyou
all thismorningto talkaboutthe IvyPlusLibrariesandthe
workof the IvyPlusLibraries’CollectionsGroup.Thank
youas well SusanCassidyandall of the people atHarvard
for arrangingthe logisticsof thisgreatevent.
Before lookingforward atwhatstepsare underwayto
explore andenable collectivecollectionswork,let’stake a
brief momenttolookback - what isIvyPlusLibraries, and
more specifically, whatisthe IvyPlusLibraries Collections
Group, andhow didwe gethere?
From the quite successful Borrow Directresource sharing
service questionsemergesuchas:
What doesour scholars’use of Borrow Direct tell
us aboutour general collectionsasanecosystem
of information?
How doesscholars’use of Borrow Directinform
and evolve managementof ourcollections?
Strivingtoexplore andanswerthese questions,infall
2014, the AULs of collectionsatthe Borrow Direct
participatinginstitutionssentaproposal totheir
UniversityLibrariansthat - basedonthe successof
Borrow Direct as well asthe collaborative work of this
groupof AULs goingback to 2008 - soughtsupportto
expandworkoncollaborative,collectivecollections.
The resultwas thatthe UniversityLibrariansaskedthe
AULs of collectionstodrafta businessplanfortheir
initiativesandvision.The UniversityLibrariansalsoput
fortha new name forthe group: IvyPlusCollection
DevelopmentGroupwithrepresentativesfromeachof
the 13 cooperatingIvyPlusLibraries.Borrow Direct
remainsthe resource sharingnetworkservice thatisthe
IvyPlusLibraries’ firstcooperativeinitiative. One could
2. say: IvyPlusLibraries,the cooperativebroughttoyouby
Borrow Direct.
Thisis an excerptfromthe IvyPlusLibrariesCollections
Group’svisionstatement:
“The IvyPluslibrariesembrace avisionfor collection
developmentandmanagementwhichrecognizesour
preeminentacademicresearchandspecial collectionsas
one great collectioninsupportof the teaching,research
and publicmissionsof ourrespective institutionsandthe
global scholarlycommunity.The IvyPluslibrarieswill
endeavortoimplementprojectsandinitiativeswhichin
time will move researchmaterialsinavarietyof formats
‘above the institution’toembedtheminanetworked
infrastructure thatfosterscollaboration,cooperationand
consolidationinsupportof buildingandprovidingaccess
to distinctive academicresearchcollections.”
In additiontothe CollectionsGroup’scooperative
endeavors,there are otherexamplesof cooperative
collectionswork thatbeginwithselectorscoming
togethertoaddress problemscollaborativelysuchas:
Music: Withthe distributedacquisitionof
contemporarycomposer’sscoresbyparticipating
institutions,and
Latin AmericanStudies: The purchase of Brazilian
monographsdistributedby geographicregionby
participatingIvyPlusLibraries.
Whenit comesto these existingcollective collections…
How dowe review/assess/evaluate themandwhat
do we considerasuccess?
How dowe assesandevolve cooperative
arrangementstoreflectthe vibrantunpredictability
of research aswell asthe full lifecycleof collection
management?
These are justtwo of the manyquestionsthe Collections
Group and colleaguesthroughoutthe IvyPlusLibraries
are asking.
Since I beganas the inaugural Directorof Collections
InitiativesinJune, one of the initiativesthat colleagues
and I have beenworkingon isa projectplanfor Collective
CollectionsAnalysis tohelpusbegintoanswersuch
questions.
We are at the verybeginningof thiswork,the trail head.
3. The goals of thisworkare:
To write an IvyPlus Librariescollections
statementthatbuildsuponthe IvyPlusLibraries
CollectionGroup’svision,and
To developamodel forcollectionanalysisthat
supports collectivecollectioninitiativesfocused
on bothprospective collectiondevelopmentof
resourcesinall formatsas well assharedprint
retention.
Presentlywe are beginning Phase 1of thisproject which
includes the behind-the-scenespreparation forcollection
analysis:
EstablishinganIvyPlusLibrariescollections
statement
Conductinganenvironmental scan soas to
systematically gatherinformationaboutthe
collectiongovernance andmanagement,existing
collaborations,etc.abouteachinstitutionina
comparable way.
Conductingadata inventoryanddata profiles.
Craftingrecommendationsfordatacollectionand
data analysis.
DefiningtwopilotprojectsforPhase IIwhereby
the conceptual model forcollectionanalysiswill
be testedandrefined.
The goal isthat by writing the collections statementfor
the cooperative,buildingandtestingacollectionsanalysis
model,IvyPlusLibrarieswill have ablueprintfor
investigation thatwill be afoundationfor,andhelp
enable data-informedcollective collections of all types,in
all formats.
Beyondthe taskof creatingan analysis model,whatare
the keychallengesthatthe IvyPlusLibrariesface whenit
comesto collective collections?
Well there are many to be sure,butlet’s consider
a couple:
o The concept of comprehensive
collections.
o The change frombrandedlocal ownership
comparedto collective stewardshipand
access.
4. To the first,it’simportantto rememberthatwhile all of
the Ivy PlusLibraries have very rich,deep,andbroad
collections,librarieshave neverhadcomprehensive
collections orcollectionsthatare easilyaccessible and
convenientlyavailable –thisiswhy it isnecessaryto have
resource sharinglike interlibraryloanand Borrow Direct;
servicesthatthrive,have name recognition, andthatour
scholars relyon.
So,let’sreplace
“strivingforcomprehensive collections”and
broad “justincase” collectiondevelopment”
with
“addressingcomplex andever-changing
conditions”
through
“collectionsasa service”
and workon careful alignmentamongstIvyPlusLibraries
to create collective collections inacomplicated,organic,
evolvingscholarlyecosystem.
For as Dan Hazenwrote “The librarycan solidifyitsown
sense of purpose,andalsopointthe campustowardthe
future,byrecastingitsdocumentationintermsof all the
researchresourcesassociatedwithitsusersandthe fields
theyrepresent.Insistingonin-flexible,site-specific
codificationsforourhardcopy acquisitionswill onlymire
us inthe past."
Lookingat the presentand intothe future so as notto
become miredinthe past,IvyPlusLibrariesisdifferent
than a 13-institutioncomprehensive collective collection.
Lookingagainat the Ivy PlusLibrariesCollectionsgroup’s
vision:
“The IvyPluslibrarieswill endeavortoimplementprojects
and initiativeswhichintime will moveresearchmaterials
ina varietyof formats‘above the institution’…thatfosters
collaboration,cooperation and consolidation insupport
of buildingandprovidingaccesstodistinctive academic
researchcollections.”
The visioncallsforinitiatives:
That “...focusonmaximizingaccesswhile also
reducingpurchasing,processing,sharing,and
storage costs.”
Where “Makingevidence-baseddecisionsshould
be the norm, not the exception.Pragmatism
5. shouldbe a touchstone. Likelihoodof use and
sustainabilityare validconcerns.”
Such a visionof collaborationthatmaximizesaccess,
reducespurchasing,processing,andstorage costsis
necessarybecause….
…of the evidence thatpointstothe necessity todoso,
includingthe decrease infundsavailable formaterials.
Thisgraph showsthe tremendouscollectionsacquisitions
strengthof the Ivy PlusLibraries –11 out of the 13
institutionsare representedhere –butitalso showsthat
fundsavailable are notsteadilyincreasingasinthe past.
But, if dollarsare a vehicle,asDaniel Dollarnotedearlier
thismorning,thenIvyPlusLibrariesstill have amighty
convoy.How can we collaborate tomake thisconvoygo
farther?
The demandfor contentinmultiple formats,aswell as
the needforfundsto supportthe infrastructure for
accessingandhousingcollectionsof all types:discovery
services,linkresolvers,institutional repositories,digitized
collections,etc.meansthatmaterialsbudgetsare spent
differentlyand thatthe fundsdonot all go to content.
Here we see how fundsfor serials(e andprint),
monographs(e andprint),andbibliographictoolshave
shiftedovertime.
6. Additionally,circulationamong12 of the 13 IvyPlus
Librarieshasdecreasedsteadily overthe last5 yearswith
projections thatthe decrease willcontinue.Yet,despite
decreasingcirculationof tangible items,the numberof
monographspurchasedisstill steadilyincreasing though
at a slowerrate.
Furthermore,projectionsfrompublishingindustries
aroundthe worldshow increases(exceptSouthKorea
where there isa decrease) andgrowthmeaningthat the
numberof possible publicationstopurchase continuesto
increase.
The numberof titleswithISBNsprintedinthe US shows
an increase inavailable titlestoo –I’mnot sure whythere
issuch a tremendousspike inpublicationsin2010, but if
justlookat the dottedline andfuture projections,we see
again,that the numberof publicationsavailableeachyear
continuestoincrease.
So, there is an increase inmaterial availabletopurchase
that may be of interesttoour researchcommunities,and
yet,we have lessfundstobuycontent, lessavailabilityof
space to keepphysical collections, andthe circulationof
physical monographsthat have beenpurchasedis
decreasing. Also,asTomnotedearlier,there’salsoa
greaterproliferationof documentationof the human
experience (e.g.e-mail,twitterfeeds,blogposts,etc.)
Additionally,whenitcomestothe humanintellectand
skillsneeded tomanage collections,there isamuch
broaderneedfora varietyof core skillstomatchwhere
scholarsare goingandwhere collectionsare going:digital
scholarshipanddata managementaswell asensuring
that areassuch as e-resource management,collection
discovery, metadata, etc.are robustlystaffedasa key
part of collectionstewardship.
Thisverybroad, bigpicture data supportscollaborative
collectionanalysissothatthe IvyPlusLibraries’significant
collectionsacquisitionspowercanbe usedto bringto life
the visionof collaborationsthatreduce purchasing
(especiallyunnecessaryduplication),processing,and
storage costs,while maximizingaccess – especiallyto
unique,neededcontent.
7. While we have datapointingtothe necessityfora
significantchange,it’s alsoimportanttopause andrealize
that whenitcomesto evidence-basedanddata-informed
decisions, thataswe see data andevidence, ourhuman
nature is to questionorrefute anydata that goesagainst
our preexistingphilosophical structuresandpersonal
stories – that iscounterto our currentconceptsand
mental models.
Dan Kahan,law and psychologyprofessoratYale Law
School,andfounderof the Cultural CognitionProject
notesthat whenitcomesto acceptingscientificdataand
facts aboutglobal warming, the disposal of nuclear
wastes,andthe effectof conceal andcarry laws,humans
tendto accept andassimilate new facts ONLYif itfitsinto
a pre-existingnarrativewithmeaning.
So,whenit comesto ourcollections,if dataaboutour
collectionsiscountertoourcurrent narratives,thenit’s
time to craft new narratives, because asKahanstates
“evidence can’tbe refutedbyjustsaying‘no’.”
Eula Biss,a professorof EnglishatNorthwestern
Universityandthe authorof On Immunity talksabout
vaccinationsandhow for those againstvaccines, while
facts alone maynot change our perceptions, the
incorporationof personal narratives,analysisof the facts,
and the philosophybehindthe facts maycreate a
frameworkof understandingand helpcreate new
philosophical structures.
So,as we draftnew philosophiesof librarycollections,
buildnew modelsforcollectionanalysisandevolve what
isa librarycollection –thatis a collective andwithshared
stewardshipinsteadof asingle institution’sownership –
it’stime to buildanew structure,a new frameworkof
understandingthatdescribeswhat isa “library
collection.”
But, buildingonthe new modelsforcollectionanalysis
and collections managementsothatwe can then create a
new structure of what are librarycollectionsrequires
significantmentalandpragmaticshift.
How dowe dothat?
SociologistMarkGranovetterdescribesthe Threshold
Model of Collective Behavior wherehumanshave beliefs-
that isa positionone holdsintheirmindandheart –
8. - and humans alsohave a thresholdbefore theywill
engage ina behavior– usuallyone thattheyperceive as
irrational.
(Granovetterfoundthatbeliefsandthresholdsoverlap
sometimes,butsometimestheydon’t.)
One’s thresholdof engagementoractionis strongly
influenced bypeers,andone’sthresholdcanvarygreatly
dependingonhow aperson thinksthat theiractionswill
be perceivedbyothers,whatwill theirpeersthinkof
whatthey’ve done?
Now consideringthe necessitythatwe significantly
change our collectionsdevelopmentandmanagement,it
isthenalso necessarythatwe all lowerourthreshold for
engaginginwhatmay feel like anirrational behavior
whenitcomesto collections –as a group of peers,come
togetherandconscientiously saythatyes, we will dothis.
We will come togetherand:
Use quantitative andqualitative datawithcritical
eyestocreate a clearerpicture of whatour
communitiesof scholarsneed,andwe
understandthattheirneedsare constantly
shiftingand oftenunpredictable.
Use thisdata-informednarrative tocasta light
ahead,and
We will lowerourthresholdasa community of
peerstoinvoke thisnecessarychange.
In 2013 Dan Hazenand DeborahJakubswrote:
“Cultural expression,scholarlycommunication,anddata
are movingtowarddigital modalitiesof creationanduse.
The scale of meaningful activityinsupportof these shifts
has clearlysurpassedwhatlibrariesandtheirinstitutions
can accomplishontheirown.
New perspectivesandapproachesare essential asthe
entire scholarlycommunityaddressesthisemergent
context.We have boththe opportunityandthe
responsibilitytodevelopacoherentstrategytoadvance
international scholarship.”
- Dan Hazenand DeborahJakubs
9. Embracingthisopportunityandresponsibilitythatis
before us isnecessaryforour librariestosurvive,evolve,
and thrive…
We’ve all heardHerbertSpencer’s phrase “survival of the
fittest”thathe usedto describe Darwin’snatural
selection.
However,ethologistMarkBekoff notesthatthough
“’Survival of the fittest’hasalwaysbeenusedtoreferto
the most successful competitor,…infactcooperationmay
be of equal ormore importance.”
Bekoff continuesbywritingthat“if the group[of animals]
workstogethertheneachindividual’schance forsurvival
[andI’d addthriving] improves.”Bekoffnotesthat
“Animalscertainlystill compete,butcooperationis
central inevolutionof social behavior,andthisalone
makesitkeyfor survival.”
Thinkingonmyexperiencewiththe IvyPlusCollections
Group these pastfourmonthsinthisnew position, I’m
inspiredandexcitedabout the cooperation Isee andthe
extraordinarypotential formovingtowhere collective
collections asakeycomponentof libraries’supportingthe
entiretyof the scholarlyecosystem - the whole research
cycle - isthe normrather thanthe novelty.
WhenI thinkof Ivy PlusLibraries asa community,Ithink
of a flockof tundra swans,or snow geese –each bird
remainsa distinct individual,yettheycome togetherand
migrate as isnecessaryfortheirsurvival andinorderto
thrive – theymigrate as a group,and as a flock cover
significantlymore mileage infarlesstime than flyingsolo.
Citations
Beck,J. (2015, January29). AmericansBelieveinScience,JustNotItsFindings.The Atlantic.Retrieved
fromhttp://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/01/americans-believe-in-science-just-not-its-
findings/384937/
Bekoff,M.(2007). The emotional livesof animals:A leadingscientistexploresanimal joy,sorrow,and
empathy--andwhytheymatter.Novato,Calif:New WorldLibrary.
Bowker.(2014, August).PrintISBN counts,USA pubdate 2002-2013.
http://media.bowker.com/documents/bowker-isbn_output_2002_2013.pdf
10. Granovetter,M. (1978). ThresholdModelsof Collective Behavior.AmericanJournalof Sociology,83(6),
1420-1443. Retrievedfromhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/2778111
Hazen,D. C. (1995). CollectionDevelopmentPoliciesinthe InformationAge.College&Research
Libraries,56(1),29–31. http://doi.org/10.5860/crl_56_01_29
Hazen,D.C. & Jakubs,D.(2013). The Global Dimensionsof Scholarship and Research Libraries: Finding
Syndergies,Creating Convergance. https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/28553796.
How Many BooksHave EverBeenPublished?(n.d.).RetrievedSeptember20, 2016, from
http://mentalfloss.com/us/go/85305
Kahan,Dan M. andJenkins-Smith,HankandBraman,Donald,Cultural Cognitionof ScientificConsensus
(February7, 2010). Journal of RiskResearch,Vol.14, pp.147-74, 2011; Yale Law School,PublicLaw
WorkingPaperNo.205. Available atSSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1549444 or
http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1549444
Transcript| This AmericanLife.(June24,2016) RetrievedSeptember14, 2016, from
http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/590/transcript