Getting an Inside Look: Given Imaging’s Camera Pilla
Gavriel Iddan was an electro-optical engineer at Israel’s Rafael Armament Development Authority, the Israeli authority for development of weapons and military technology. One of Iddan’s projects was to develop the “eye” of a guided missile, which leads the missile to its target. In 1981, Iddan traveled to Boston on sabbatical to work for a company that produced X-ray tubes and ultrasonic probes. While there, he befriended a gastroenterologist (a physician who focuses on digestive diseases) named Eitan Scapa. During long conversations in which each would discuss his respective field, Scapa taught Iddan about the technologies used to
view the interior lining of the digestive system. Scapa pointed out that the existing technologies had a number of significant limitations, particularly with respect to viewing the small intestine.b The small intestine is the locale of a number of serious disorders. In the United States alone, approximately 19 million people suffer from disorders in the small intestine (including bleeding, Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, chronic diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and small bowel cancer)
Getting an Inside Look: Given Imaging’s Camera Pilla
Gavriel Iddan was an electro-optical engineer at Israel’s Rafael Armament Development Authority, the Israeli authority for development of weapons and military technology. One of Iddan’s projects was to develop the “eye” of a guided missile, which leads the missile to its target. In 1981, Iddan traveled to Boston on sabbatical to work for a company that produced X-ray tubes and ultrasonic probes. While there, he befriended a gastroenterologist (a physician who focuses on digestive diseases) named Eitan Scapa. During long conversations in which each would discuss his respective field, Scapa taught Iddan about the technologies used to
view the interior lining of the digestive system. Scapa pointed out that the existing technologies had a number of significant limitations, particularly with respect to viewing the small intestine.b The small intestine is the locale of a number of serious disorders. In the United States alone, approximately 19 million people suffer from disorders in the small intestine (including bleeding, Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, chronic diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and small bowel cancer)
Getting an Inside Look: Given Imaging’s Camera Pilla
Gavriel Iddan was an electro-optical engineer at Israel’s Rafael Armament Development Authority, the Israeli authority for development of weapons and military technology.
Getting an Inside Look: Given Imaging’s Camera Pilla
Gavriel Iddan was an electro-optical engineer at Israel’s Rafael Armament Development Authority, the Israeli authority for development of weapons and military technology. One of Iddan’s projects was to develop the “eye” of a guided missile, which leads the missile to its target. In 1981, Iddan traveled to Boston on sabbatical to work for a company that produced X-ray tubes and ultrasonic probes. While there, he befriended a gastroenterologist (a physician who focuses on digestive diseases) named Eitan Scapa. During long conversations in which each would discuss his respective field, Scapa taught Iddan about the technologies used to
view the interior lining of the digestive system. Scapa pointed out that the existing technologies had a number of significant limitations, particularly with respect to viewing the small intestine.b The small intestine is the locale of a number of serious disorders. In the United States alone, approximately 19 million people suffer from disorders in the small intestine (including bleeding, Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, chronic diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and small bowel cancer)
Getting an Inside Look: Given Imaging’s Camera Pilla
Gavriel Iddan was an electro-optical engineer at Israel’s Rafael Armament Development Authority, the Israeli authority for development of weapons and military technology.
Network Society: A Presentation to the CMI Guernseyguernseywebdesign
Introducing the concepts of network society to the Guernsey branch of the Chartered Management Institue.
Case study led with an emphasis on convergent technologies presented in a case study format.
Analysing Social, Cultural and Economic aspects of evolving technologies.
technology companies invest in technology investment choices,How many technology companies are there in the world,vision of technology,How information technology works ,Motive of investing
Public policies for productive innovation in information societySusana Finquelievich
Despite the assumption that large cities produce more innovation than smaller cities, evidence shows that innovation-friendly policies and the use of digital technology to open new pathways to innovation are more important than the city size.
ICT & SDGs – How Information and Communications Technology Can Achieve The Su...Ericsson
The research highlights how Information and Communications Technology (ICT), and in particular mobile technology, can help accelerate the achievement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
Gavriel Iddan was an electro-optical engineer at Israel’s Rafael Armament Development Authority, the Israeli authority for development of weapons and military technology. One of Iddan’s projects was to develop the “eye” of a guided missile, which leads the missile to its target.
In 1981, Iddan traveled to Boston on sabbatical to work for a company that produced X-ray tubes and ultrasonic probes. While there, he befriended a gastroenterologist (a physician who focuses on digestive diseases) named Eitan Scapa.
Network Society: A Presentation to the CMI Guernseyguernseywebdesign
Introducing the concepts of network society to the Guernsey branch of the Chartered Management Institue.
Case study led with an emphasis on convergent technologies presented in a case study format.
Analysing Social, Cultural and Economic aspects of evolving technologies.
technology companies invest in technology investment choices,How many technology companies are there in the world,vision of technology,How information technology works ,Motive of investing
Public policies for productive innovation in information societySusana Finquelievich
Despite the assumption that large cities produce more innovation than smaller cities, evidence shows that innovation-friendly policies and the use of digital technology to open new pathways to innovation are more important than the city size.
ICT & SDGs – How Information and Communications Technology Can Achieve The Su...Ericsson
The research highlights how Information and Communications Technology (ICT), and in particular mobile technology, can help accelerate the achievement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
Gavriel Iddan was an electro-optical engineer at Israel’s Rafael Armament Development Authority, the Israeli authority for development of weapons and military technology. One of Iddan’s projects was to develop the “eye” of a guided missile, which leads the missile to its target.
In 1981, Iddan traveled to Boston on sabbatical to work for a company that produced X-ray tubes and ultrasonic probes. While there, he befriended a gastroenterologist (a physician who focuses on digestive diseases) named Eitan Scapa.
Re|Imagine: Improving the Productivity of Federally Funded University ResearchEd Morrison
Federally funded university research provides a backbone to the US economy. But how can we improve the productivity of this research? The first step: move away from the simplistic linear model of commercialization. Second step: Embrace the new disciplines of agile strategy and ecosystems.
Open Knowledge Regime for an Innovation Economy. MyGOSSCON 2008. Dr. Jaijit Bhattacharya
Country Director, Government Strategy,
SUN Microsystems Malaysia
[Case Study] CSI and fingerprinting case study and discussion assignmentRiri Kusumarani
Case study about CSI and genetic fingerprinting. I didn't do discussion part, only 2-3 number of case study. Group members : Meena Kumari, Olusola and Riri Kusumarani
Innovation can arise from many different sources. It can originate with individuals, as in the familiar image of the lone inventor or users who design solutions for their own needs. Innovation can also come from the research efforts of universities, government laboratories and incubators, or private nonprofit organizations. One primary engine of innovation is firms. Firms are well suited to innovation activities because they typically have greater resources than individuals and a management system to marshal those resources toward a collective purpose. Firms also face strong incentives to develop differentiating new products and services, which may give them an advantage over nonprofit or government-funded entities.
ContentMining (aka Text and Data Mining TDM) is beneficial, legal in the UK and a few other countries. Many groups in Europe are looking to make it legal there as well but there are many vested interests who oppose it.
This short presentation shows the benefits of content mining, some of the technology, and the way that it can be used and promotedby communities of practice. I urge all attendees at CopyCamp and also the wider world to press for liberalization of Copyright
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
3. • Getting an Inside Look: Given Imaging’s Camera Pilla
• Gavriel Iddan was an electro-optical engineer at Israel’s Rafael Armament Development Authority, the
Israeli authority for development of weapons and military technology. One of Iddan’s projects was to
develop the “eye” of a guided missile, which leads the missile to its target. In 1981, Iddan traveled to Boston
on sabbatical to work for a company that produced X-ray tubes and ultrasonic probes. While there, he
befriended a gastroenterologist (a physician who focuses on digestive diseases) named Eitan Scapa. During
long conversations in which each would discuss his respective field, Scapa taught Iddan about the
technologies used to
• view the interior lining of the digestive system. Scapa pointed out that the existing technologies had a
number of significant limitations, particularly with respect to viewing the small intestine.b The small
intestine is the locale of a number of serious disorders. In the United States alone, approximately 19 million
people suffer from disorders in the small intestine (including bleeding, Crohn’s disease, celiac disease,
chronic diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and small bowel cancer)
4. • Furthermore, the nature of the small intestine makes it a difficult place to diagnose and treat such disorders. The small
intestine (or “small bowel”) is about 5 to 6 meters long in a typical person and is full of twists and turns. X-rays do not enable
the physician to view the lining of the intestine, and endoscopes (small cameras attached to long, thin, flexible poles) can
reach only the first third of the small intestine and can be quite uncomfortable for the patient. The remaining option, surgery,
is very invasive and can be impractical if the physician does not know which part of the small intestine is affected. Scapa thus
urged Iddan to try to come up with a better way to view the small intestine, but at that time Iddan had no idea how to do it.
Ten years later, Iddan visited the United States again, and his old friend Scapa again inquired whether there was a
technological solution that would provide a better solution for viewing the small intestine. By this time, very small image
sensors— charge-coupled devices (CCDs)—had been developed in the quest to build small video cameras. Iddan wondered if
perhaps it would be possible to create a very small missile-like device that could travel through the intestine without a lifeline
leading to the outside of the body. Like the missiles Iddan developed at Rafael, this device would have a camera “eye.” If the
device were designed well, the body’s natural peristaltic action would propel the camera through the length of the intestine.
• A View to the Future . . .
• Colonoscopy was the largest category of the endoscopy market—in the United States alone, 14 million patients undergo
colonoscopy a year, and it was believed that even more people would undergo screening if screening were more comfortable.
Given thus had the potential of growing market. As of 2015, the U.S. approval for the Pillcam COLON was limited to
“patients who had undergone incomplete colonoscopies,” citing some results that indicated that the pictures from the camera
pill were less clear than traditional colonoscopy. Many in the industry, however, suspected that the camera pill would
eventually supplant all traditional colonoscopy. In February of 2014, Dublin-based medical device maker Covidien had
acquired Given Imaging for roughly $860 millioni, and then in early 2015, medical equipment giant Medtronic acquired
Covidien for $49.9 billion.j Given would now have access to much greater capital resources and larger (and more
geographically distributed) salesforces—if it could continue to get its Pillcams approved for more applications and in more
countries, it was positioned to transform the market for gastrointestinal endoscopy.
5. OVERVIEW
• Innovation can arise from many different sources. It can originate with individuals, as in the familiar image of the lone inventor or users who
design solutions for their own needs. Innovation can also come from the research efforts of universities, government laboratories and incubators, or
private nonprofit organizations. One primary engine of innovation is firms. Firms are well suited to innovation activities because they typically have
greater resources than individuals and a management system to marshal those resources toward a collective purpose. Firms also face strong
incentives to develop differentiating new products and services, which may give them an advantage over nonprofit or government-funded entities.
An even more important source of innovation, however, does not arise from any one of these sources, but rather the linkages between them.
Networks of innovators that leverage knowledge and other resources from multiple sources are one of the most powerful agents of technological
advance.1 We can thus think of sources of innovation as composing a complex system wherein any particular innovation may emerge primarily
from one or more components of the system or the linkages between them
• (see Figure 2.1). In the sections that follow, we will first consider the role of creativity as the underlying process for the generation of novel and
useful ideas. We will then consider how creativity is transformed into innovative outcomes by the separate components of the innovation system
(individuals, firms, etc.), and through the linkages between different components (firms’ relationships with their customers, technology transfer
from universities to firms, etc.).
• CREATIVITY
• Innovation begins with the generation of new ideas. The ability to generate new and useful ideas is termed creativity. Creativity is defined as the
ability to produce work that is useful and novel. Novel work must be different from work that has been previously produced and surprising in that it
is not simply the next logical step in a series
• of known solutions.2 The degree to which a product is novel is a function both of how different it is from prior work (e.g., a minor deviation versus
a major leap) and of the audience’s prior experiences.3 A product could be novel to the person who made it, but known to most everyone else. In
this case, we would call it reinvention. A product could be novel to its immediate audience, yet be well known somewhere else in the world. The
most creative works are novel at the individual producer level, the local audience level, and the broader societal level.4
6. .
As the previous sections indicate, there is a growing recognition of the importance of collaborative research and development networks for
successful innovation.40 Such collaborations include (but are not limited to) joint ventures, licensing and secondsourcing agreements,
research associations, government-sponsored joint research programs, value-added networks for technical and scientific interchange, and
informal networks.41 Collaborative research is especially important in high-technology sectors, where it is unlikely that a single individual
or organization will possess all of the resources and capabilities necessary to develop and implement a significant innovation.42 As firms
forge collaborative relationships, they weave a network of paths between them that can act as conduits for information and other resources.
By providing member firms access to a wider range of information (and other resources) than individual firms possess, interfirm networks
can enable firms to achieve much more than they could achieve individually.43 Thus, interfirm networks are an important engine of
innovation. Furthermore, the structure of the network is likely to influence the flow of information and other resources through the network.
For example, in a dense network where there are many potential paths for information to travel between any pair of firms, information
diffusion should be fairly rapid and widespread.
Figure 2.6 provides pictures of the worldwide technology alliance network in 1995 and in 2000.44 The mid-1990s saw record peaks
in alliance activity as firms scrambled to respond to rapid change in information technologies. This resulted in a very large and dense web
of connected firms. The network shown here connects 3,856 organizations, predominantly from North America, Japan, and Europe.
However, there was a subsequent decline in alliance activity toward the end of the decade that caused the web to diminish in size and
splinter apart into two large components and many small components. The large component on the left is primarily made up of
organizations in the chemical and medical industries. The large component on the right is primarily made up of organizations in electronics-
based industries. If the size
and density of the collaboration network influences the amount of information available to organizations that are connected via the network,
then the difference between the network shown for 1995 and the network shown for 2000 could have resulted in a substantial change in the
amount of information that was transmitted between firms. (The strategic implications for a firm’s position within the network are discussed
in
Chapter Eight.)
7. 1. Creativity is the underlying process for innovation. Creativity enables individuals and
organizations to generate new and useful ideas. Creativity is considered a function of intellectual
abilities, knowledge, thinking styles, personality traits, intrinsic motivation, and environment.
2. Innovation sometimes originates with individual inventors. The most prolific
inventors tend to be trained in multiple fields, be highly curious, question previously made
assumptions, and view all knowledge as unified. The most wellknown inventors tend to have both
inventive and entrepreneurial traits.
3. Innovation can also originate with users who create solutions to their own needs. The rise of the
snowboarding industry provides a rich example.
4. Firms’ research and development is considered a primary driver of innovation. In the United
States, firms spend significantly more on R&D than government institutions spend on R&D, and
firms consider their in-house R&D their most important source of innovation.
5. Firms often collaborate with a number of external organizations (or individuals) in their
innovation activities. Firms are most likely to collaborate with customers, suppliers, and
universities, though they also may collaborate with competitors, producers of complements,
government laboratories, nonprofit organizations, and other research institutions.
6. Many universities have a research mission, and in recent years universities have become more
active in setting up technology transfer activities to directly commercialize the inventions of
faculty. Universities also contribute to innovation through the publication of research findings.
8. NEXT……
7. Government also plays an active role in conducting research and development
(in its own laboratories), funding the R&D of other organizations, and creating
institutions to foster collaboration networks and to nurture start-ups (e.g., science
parks and incubators). In some countries, government-funded research and
development exceeds that of industry-funded research.
8. Private nonprofit organizations (such as research institutes and nonprofit
hospitals) are another source of innovation. These organizations both perform
their own R&D and fund R&D conducted by others.
9. Probably the most significant source of innovation does not come from
individual organizations or people, but from the collaborative networks that
leverage resources and capabilities across multiple organizations or individuals.
Collaborative networks are particularly important in high-technology sectors.
10. Collaboration is often facilitated by geographical proximity, which can lead
to regional technology clusters.
11. Technology spillovers are positive externality benefits of R&D, such as when
the knowledge acquired through R&D spreads to other organizations.