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Solution Manual for Human Resource
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CHAPTER 1
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: AN OVERVIEW
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.1 Define human resource management (HRM) and the importance of studying it
1.2 Describe who performs HRM
1.3 Explain how the HRM function serves as a strategic business partner and the
elements of the dynamic HRM environment
1.4 Discuss the role of HRM in building corporate culture and employer branding
1.5 Summarize HRM issues for small businesses
1.6 Identify ways that country culture influences global business
1.7 Explore essential skills for developing your career in HR or any other career path
KEY TERMS
Human resource management (HRM): The utilization of individuals to achieve
organizational objectives.
Staffing: Process through which an organization ensures that it always has the proper
number of employees with the appropriate skills in the right jobs, at the right time, to
achieve organizational objectives.
Performance management (PM): Goal-oriented process directed toward ensuring that
organizational processes are in place to maximize the productivity of employees, teams,
and ultimately, the organization.
Human resource development (HRD): Major HRM function consisting not only of
training and development, but also of individual career planning and development
activities, organization development, and performance management and appraisal.
Direct financial compensation (monetary compensation): Pay that a person receives in
the form of wages, salary, commissions, and bonuses.
Indirect financial compensation (benefits): All financial rewards that are not included
in direct financial compensation.
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Nonfinancial compensation: Satisfaction that person receives from the job itself or from
the psychological and/or physical environment in which the person works.
Safety: Protection of employees from injuries caused by work-related accidents.
Health: Employees’ freedom from physical or emotional illness.
Human resource management professional: An individual who normally acts in an
advisory or staff capacity, working with other managers to help them address human
resource matters.
Line managers: Individuals directly involved in accomplishing the primary purpose of
the organization.
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HR outsourcing (HRO): Process of hiring external HR professionals to do the HR work
that was previously done internally.
Shared service center (SSC): A center that takes routine, transaction-based activities
dispersed throughout the organization and consolidates them in one place.
Professional employer organization (PEO): A company that leases employees to other
businesses.
Executive: Top-level manager who reports directly to a corporation’s chief executive
officer or to the head of a major division.
Generalist: Person who may be an executive and performs tasks in a variety of HR-
related areas.
Specialist: Individual who may be an HR executive, a human resource manager, or a
nonmanager, and who is typically concerned with only one of the six functional areas of
human resource management.
Profession: Vocation characterized by the existence of a common body of knowledge
and a procedure for certifying members.
Human capital: As defined by economists, human capital refers to sets of collective
skills, knowledge, and ability that employees can apply to create economic value for their
employers.
Union: Comprised of employees who have joined together for the purpose of dealing
with their employer.
Shareholders: Owners of a corporation.
Human resource information system (HRIS): Any organized approach for obtaining
relevant and timely information on which to base human resource decisions.
Corporate culture: System of shared values, beliefs, and habits within an organization
that interacts with the formal structure to produce behavioral norms.
Employer branding: Firm’s corporate image or culture focused on attracting the type of
employees the firm is seeking.
Country’s culture: Set of values, symbols, beliefs, language, and norms that guide
human behavior within the country.
LECTURE OUTLINE
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Human resource management (HRM) can be defined as the optimal utilization of
individuals to achieve organizational objectives.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
Six functional areas are associated with effective human resource management: staffing,
human resource development, performance management, compensation, safety and
health, and employee and labor relations.
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● STAFFING—Process through which an organization ensures that it always has
the proper number of employees with the appropriate skills in the right jobs, at the
right time, to achieve organizational objectives.
● Job analysis: Systematic process of determining the skills, duties, and
knowledge required for performing specific jobs in an organization.
● Human resource planning: Systematic process of matching the internal
and external supply of people with job openings anticipated in the
organization over a specified period of time.
● Recruitment: Process of attracting qualified individuals and encouraging
them to apply for work with the organization.
● Selection: Process through which the organization chooses, from a group
of applicants, those individuals best suited both for open positions and the
company.
● PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT—A goal-oriented activity to ensure
organizational processes are in place to maximize the productivity of employees,
teams, and ultimately, the organization.
● Performance appraisal: A formal system to review and evaluate
individual or team performance.
● HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT—A major HRM function consisting
not only of training and development, but also of career planning and
development activities, organization development, performance management, and
appraisal.
● Training: Activities designed to provide learners with the knowledge and
skills needed for their present jobs.
● Organization development (OD): A planned and systematic attempt to
change the organization to a more behavioral environment.
● Career planning: Ongoing process whereby an individual sets career
goals and identifies the means to achieve them.
● Career development: Formal approach used by the organization to ensure
that people with the proper qualifications and experiences are available
when needed.
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● COMPENSATION—All rewards that individuals receive as a result of their
employment.
● Direct Financial Compensation: Pay that a person receives in the form
of wages, salaries, bonuses, and commissions.
● Indirect Financial Compensation (Benefits): All financial rewards that
are not included in direct compensation such as paid vacations, sick leave,
holidays, and medical insurance.
● Nonfinancial Compensation: Satisfaction that a person receives from the
job itself or from the psychological and/or physical environment in which
the person works.
● EMPLOYEE AND LABOR RELATIONS—Businesses are required by law to
recognize a union and bargain with it in good faith if the firm’s employees want
the union to represent them. Internal employee relations comprise the human
resource management activities associated with the movement of employees
within the organization such as promotions, demotion, termination, and
resignation.
● SAFETY AND HEALTH—Employees who work in a safe environment and
enjoy good health are more likely to be productive and yield long-term benefits to
the organization.
● Safety: Activities involved in protecting employees from injuries caused
by work-related accidents.
● Health: Activities involved in securing the employees’ freedom from
illness and their general physical and mental well-being.
● HUMAN RESOURCE DATA ANALYTICS—Pervades all HRM functional
areas and the researcher’s laboratory is the entire work environment. Human
resource research is key to developing the most productive and satisfied
workforce possible. Data analytics go a long way towards establishing the HRM
function as a strategic business partner.
● INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF HRM FUNCTIONS—All HRM functional
areas are highly interrelated.
WHO PERFORMS THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES?
The person or units who perform human resource management tasks has changed
dramatically in recent years.
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● HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL—An individual
who normally acts in an advisory (or staff) capacity when working with other
(line) managers regarding human resource matters.
● LINE MANAGERS—Individuals directly involved in accomplishing the
primary purpose of the organization. As the traditional work of HR managers
diminishes, line managers are stepping up and performing some duties typically
done by human resource professionals.
● HR OUTSOURCING—Process of hiring an external provider to do the work
that was previously done internally.
● Discrete services outsourcing: Involves one element of a business
process or a single set of high-volume repetitive functions such as
benefits.
● Business process outsourcing (BPO): The transfer of the majority of HR
services to a third party.
● HR SHARED SERVICE CENTERS—Take routine, transaction-based
activities that are dispersed throughout the organization and consolidate them in
one place.
● PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYER ORGANIZATION (PEO)—Company that
leases employees to other businesses. When a decision is made to use a
professional employer organization, the company releases its employees who
are then hired by the PEO.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROFESSION
There are various designations in the human resource management profession.
● EXECUTIVE—A top-level manager who reports directly to a corporation’s chief
executive officer or to the head of a major division is called an executive.
● GENERALIST—A person who may be an executive and performs tasks in a
variety of HR-related areas is called a Generalist.
● SPECIALIST—An individual who may be an HR executive, a human resource
manager, or a non-manager, and who is typically concerned with only one of the
five functional areas of human resource management.
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● PROFESSION: Vocation characterized by the existence of a common body of
knowledge and a procedure for certifying members. Professions have
representative organizations. In HR these include the Society for Human
Resource Management, the Human Resource Certification Institute, the
Association for Talent Development, and WorldatWork. Opportunities and
compensation in this profession are growing.
HUMAN RESOURCES AS A STRATEGIC BUSINESS PARTNER IN A
DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT
Today’s HR professional must be a strategic business partner with upper management.
HR must thoroughly understand all aspects of the businesses they support. Working as a
strategic partner requires a deeper and broader understanding of business issues. The HR
professional must inform executives of the key role employees play in achieving
organizational goals. Doing so requires HR professionals to understand the role of capital
in value creation.
● CAPITAL: The factors that enable companies to generate income, increase
company stock prices, economic value, strong brand identity, and reputation.
● HUMAN CAPITAL: As defined by economists, refers to sets of collective skills,
knowledge, and ability that employees can apply to create economic value for
their employers.
DYNAMIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT Many
interrelated factors affect the five HRM functions. Factors outside an organization’s
boundaries that affect a firm’s human resources make up the external environment.
● LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS—Federal, state, and local legislation, and the
many court decisions interpreting this legislation, in addition to many presidential
executive orders, have had a major impact on human resource management.
● LABOR MARKET—Potential employees located within the geographic area
from which employees are normally recruited.
● SOCIETY—Society may also exert pressure on human resource management.
● Ethics: Discipline dealing with what is good and bad, or right and wrong,
or with moral duty and obligation.
● Corporate social responsibility: Implied, enforced, or felt obligation of
managers, acting in their official capacity, to serve or protect the interests
of groups other than themselves.
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● POLITICAL PARTIES—There are two major political parties in the United
States. These parties often have differing opinions on human resource topics.
● UNIONS—Employees who have come together for the purpose of dealing
collectively with their employer are collectively called a union. A union is treated
as an environmental factor because they become a third party when dealing with
the company.
● SHAREHOLDERS—Owners of a corporation are called shareholders. Because
shareholders have invested money in a firm, they may at times challenge
programs considered by management to be beneficial to the organization.
● COMPETITION—Firms may face intense competition in both their product or
service and labor markets.
● CUSTOMERS—People who actually use a firm’s goods and services.
Management has the task of ensuring that its employment practices do not
antagonize the members of the market it serves.
● HR TECHNOLOGY—The world has never before seen the rapid rate of
technological change that is occurring today. The development of technology has
created new roles for HR professionals but also places additional pressures on
them to keep abreast of the technology.
With the increased sophistication of technology has come the ability to design
more useful human resource information systems (HRIS). An HRIS is any
organized approach for obtaining relevant and timely information on which to
base human resource decisions.
Cloud computing, which is a means of providing software and data via the
Internet, and the use of mobile devices are changing the way that HR work is
performed. Social media is also an important HR tool, in particular for use in
recruiting.
● ECONOMY—As a generalization, when the economy is booming, it is often
more difficult to recruit qualified workers.
● UNANTICIPATED EVENTS—Many of the human resource functions require
modification when unanticipated events such as major weather incidents occur.
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THE ROLE OF HRM IN BUILDING CORPORATE CULTURE AND
EMPLOYER BRANDING
As an internal environmental factor affecting human resource management, corporate
culture refers to the firm’s social and psychological climate.
● CORPORATE CULTURE: The system of shared values, beliefs, and habits
within an organization that interacts with the formal structure to produce
behavioral norms. An infinite variety of cultures could exist, so one should view
them as a continuum.
● EMPLOYER BRANDING: The firm’s corporate image or culture created to
attract and retain the type of employees the firm is seeking
● Diversity management: Pursuing an inclusive corporate culture which
makes everyone feel welcome.
● Organizational fit: Management’s perception of the degree to which an
individual fits with the culture.
● New hire orientation: The corporate culture by showing how things are
done
● Talent management: The strategic endeavor to optimize the use of
employees to drive short and long-term organizational results.
● Organizational development: A means to achieving change in corporate
culture.
● Country’s culture: The set of values, symbols, beliefs, languages, and
norms that guide human behavior within the country. It is learned behavior
that develops as individuals grow from childhood to adulthood.
EMPLOYER BRANDING
Employer branding is the firm’s corporate image or culture focused on attracting the
type of employees the firm is seeking. Through employer branding, people get to know
what the company stands for, the people it hires, the fit between jobs and people, and the
results it recognizes and rewards.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN SMALL BUSINESSES
Typically the same HR functions previously identified must be accomplished by small
business, but the manner in which they are accomplished may be altered. Small
businesses often do not have a formal HR unit or HRM specialists, rather, line managers
handle the HR functions. The focus of their activities is generally on hiring and retaining
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capable employees. Some aspects of HR functions may actually be more significant in
smaller firms than in larger ones.
COUNTRY CULTURE AND GLOBAL BUSINESS
A country’s culture is the set of values, symbols, beliefs, languages, and norms that guide
human behavior within the country. Cultural differences between countries are a major
factor influencing global business. This borderless world adds dramatically to the
difficulty of managing employees. Cultural differences reveal themselves in everything
from the workplace environments to differences in the concept of time, space, and social
interaction. Cultural misunderstandings are common, but they can be hazards to
executives managing global workforces, creating significant challenges in managing a
firm’s human resources.
DEVELOPING SKILLS FOR YOUR CAREER
You will have the opportunity to develop many of the skills that employers have
identified as critical to success in the workplace.
● Communication: The effective use of oral, written, and nonverbal skills for
multiple purposes, effective listening, and teamwork.
● Critical thinking: The purposeful and goal-directed thinking used to define and
solve problems.
● Collaboration: Individuals actively work together on a task and construct
meaning and knowledge as a group through dialogue and negotiation.
● Knowledge applicator and analysis: The ability to learn a concept and then
appropriately apply that knowledge in another setting to achieve a higher level of
understanding.
● Business ethics and social responsibility: Business ethics are sets of guiding
principles that influence the way individuals and organizations behave within the
society that they operate.
● Corporate social responsibility is the implied, enforced, or felt obligation
of managers to serve or protect the interests of groups other than
themselves.
● Corporate sustainability focuses on the possible future impact of an
organization on society, including social welfare, the economy, and the
environment.
● Information technology application and computing skills: The ability to select
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and use appropriate technology to accomplish a given task.
● Data literacy: The ability to access, assess, interpret, manipulate, summarize, and
communicate data.
ANSWERS TO CHAPTER 1 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
1-1. Define human resource management. What HRM functions must be performed
regardless of the organization’s size?
Human resource management is the utilization of a firm’s human resources to achieve
organizational objectives. The following functions are necessary for any size
organization.
Staffing: Process through which an organization ensures that it always has the
proper number of employees with the appropriate skills in the right jobs, at the
right time, to achieve organizational objectives.
Human resource development: Major HRM function consisting not only of
training and development, but also of career planning and development activities,
organization development, and performance management and appraisal.
Compensation: Compensation includes all rewards individuals receive as a result
of their employment. The reward may be one or a combination of the following:
● Direct financial compensation: Pay that a person receives in the form of
wages, salaries, commissions, and bonuses.
● Indirect financial compensation (Benefits): All financial rewards that
are not included in direct compensation such as paid vacations, sick leave,
holidays, and medical insurance.
● Nonfinancial compensation: Satisfaction that a person receives from the
job itself or from the psychological and/or physical environment in which
the person works.
Safety and health: Safety involves protecting employees from injuries due to
work-related accidents. Health refers to the employees’ freedom from illness, and
their general physical and mental well-being.
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Employee and labor relations: Even with the projected decline in union
membership, a business firm is required by law to recognize a union, and bargain
with it in good faith, if the firm’s employees want the union to represent them.
1-2. Define profession. Do you believe that the field of human resource management is
a profession? Explain your answer.
Profession is a vocation characterized by the existence of a common body of knowledge
and a procedure for certifying members. Performance standards are established by
members of the profession rather than by outsiders; that is, the profession is self-
regulated. Most professions also have effective representative organizations that permit
members to exchange ideas of mutual concern. These characteristics apply to the field of
human resources, and several well-known organizations serve the profession.
1-3. What are the environmental factors that affect HRM? Describe each one.
● Legal considerations: Another significant external force affecting human
resource management relates to federal, state, and local legislation, and the many
court decisions interpreting this legislation. In addition, many presidential
executive orders have had a major impact on human resource management.
● Labor market: Potential employees located within the geographic area from
which employees are normally recruited.
● Society: Society may also exert pressure on human resource management. If a
firm is to remain acceptable to the general public, it must be capable of
accomplishing its purpose in line with societal norms.
● Political parties: There are two major political parties in the United States. These
parties often have differing opinions on human resource topics.
● Unions: Group of employees who have joined together for the purpose of dealing
collectively with their employer.
● Shareholders: Owners of a corporation. Because shareholders have invested
money in a firm, they may at times challenge programs considered by
management to be beneficial to the organization.
● Competition: For a firm to succeed, grow, and prosper, it must be able to
maintain a supply of competent employees. Other organizations are also striving
toward that objective.
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● Customers: Because sales are critical to the firm’s survival, management has the
task of ensuring that its employment practices do not antagonize members of the
market it serves.
● HR technology: The development of technology has created new roles for HR
professionals but also places additional pressures on them to keep abreast of the
technology. With the increased sophistication of technology has come the ability
to design more useful human resource information systems (HRIS).
● Economy: The economy of the nation—on the whole—and of its various
segments is a major environmental factor affecting human resource management.
As a generalization, when the economy is booming, it is often more difficult to
recruit qualified workers. On the other hand, when a downturn is experienced,
more applicants are typically available.
● Unanticipated events: Occurrences in the external environment that could not be
foreseen such as a significant weather event.
1-4. How might HR technology affect the various HR functions?
There is no doubt that HR technology is truly the trend of the future. There are many
advantages to using HR technology, but the most important benefit is that it lets HR
professionals accomplish their tasks in a quicker and more efficient manner. Cloud
computing can change the way HR work is performed as secure access to applications
can happen anywhere. HR professionals are not required to work in their office; HR tasks
can be performed anywhere there is a signal. While this will affect all functions of HR,
recruitment is likely most affected as social media can be used to build a company’s
brand and attract potential employees.
1-5. Define corporate culture. Explain why corporate culture is a major internal
environment factor.
Corporate culture is defined as the system of shared values, beliefs, and habits within an
organization that interacts with the formal structure to produce behavioral norms.
Culture gives people a sense of how to behave and what they ought to be doing. Each
individual gradually forms such perceptions over a period of time as the person performs
assigned activities under the general guidance of a superior and a set of organizational
policies. The culture existing within a firm influences the employee's’ degree of
satisfaction with the job, as well as the level and quality of their performance.
1-6. This chapter describes HR’s changing role in business. Describe each component
that is involved in HRM.
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HR professionals are increasingly taking on the role of a strategic partner with upper
management within organizations. To become a strategic partner, HR must understand
the company as a whole and build HR systems to support the organization’s strategy.
This includes all the functions of HR such as staffing, compensation, performance
management, human resource development, safety and health, and labor and employee
relations.
1-7. How does HRM become more complex as a company's workforce reaches 25
employees?
New small businesses are faced with a host of federal and state government regulatory
requirements, tax laws, and compensation demands. The SBA has identified various
compliance steps for new small businesses. Before anyone is hired, an Employment
Identification Number (EIN) should be obtained. EINs can be acquired online from the
IRS and are needed to report taxes as well as information about new employees to state
government. Then, procedures for withholding taxes should be made. The IRS requires
that businesses keep records of employment taxes for at least four years. This includes
employee wages, tips, and sickness records, as well as employee tax withholding
certificates.
Verification of eligibility to work is required for new employees within three days of the
hire date. An Employment Eligibility Verification Form I-9 must be completed. Also all
employers are required to report newly hired and rehired employees to a state directory
within 20 days of their hire or rehire date.
Workers’ compensation insurance should then be obtained. Any business that hires
employees must carry this insurance. A new business should also register for
unemployment insurance tax. Small businesses may also be required to pay
unemployment insurance tax. New companies should also check to see if they are
required to purchase disability insurance. Some states require employers to provide
partial wage replacement insurance coverage to eligible employees for non-work related
sickness or injury.
Laws also require that the business prominently display posters that inform employees of
their rights and the small business’s responsibilities to them under labor laws. New
employers now have different and new federal and state tax filing requirements that
apply.
Once the above discussed tasks have been completed, new small businesses can focus on
creating a fulfilling, safe, and fair workplace.
1-8. What are the various designations associated with the HRM profession?
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● Executive: Top-level manager who reports directly to a corporation’s chief
executive officer or to the head of a major division.
● Generalist: Person who may be an executive and performs tasks in a variety of
HR-related areas.
● Specialist: Individual who may be an HR executive, a human resource manager,
or a nonmanager, and who is typically concerned with only one of the five
functional areas of human resource management.
1-9. What has been the evolution of HRM?
Traditionally, separate functions such as staffing, training and development,
compensation, safety and health, and labor relations (if the firm was unionized) were
created and placed under the direction of a human resource manager or executive. Large
firms might have had a manager and staff for each HR function that reported to the HR
executive. The HR vice president worked closely with top management in formulating
corporate policy.
Today, the person or persons who perform HR tasks is certainly different than it was even
a decade ago. As more and more companies use alternative means to accomplish HR
tasks, the role of the traditional HR manager is diminishing. HR must now enter into the
business of strategic HR, focus more on the bottom line of the organization, and leave the
more administrative tasks to technology or others.
1-10. Explain how the seven employability skills matte regardless of your career
aspirations.
Communication is defined as effective use of oral, written, and nonverbal skills for
multiple purposes. You will gain insight into your and your group member’s strengths
and weaknesses pertaining to communication and collaboration skills.
Critical thinking involves purposeful and goal-directed thinking used to define and solve
problems, make decisions or form judgements related to a situation or set of
circumstances. Critical thinking, which includes self-assessment and personal reflection,
will help you understand yourself and finding your voice will help you approach
situations within and outside the employment setting with greater confidence.
Collaboration takes place when individuals actively work together on a task, constructing
meaning and knowledge as a group through dialogue and negotiation resulting in a
product reflective of their join interdependent actions. HR professional and managers
throughout the organization work together to address important workplace issues.
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
“In addition to those mentioned above, the following also took
land in the vicinity of Wycarbah:—Messrs. Bikovsky, Pagin, and
Krasnih.
We Do Not Repent having Left our Native Land.
“In order to clearly show what a Russian’s opinion of Queensland
is, I will now give a few extracts from a letter written by a Mr.
Godalov, of Canungra, South Coast line, dated 24th February, 1911,
and published in certain Russian newspapers:—’... and so I am to be
congratulated; 160 acres of superb land, with a healthy beautiful
climate, within 30 miles of the sea, at an elevation of 3,000 feet, and
this for 32s. an acre and 20 years to pay it in. I consider it my duty
to assure you that
We do not Repent ever having left our Native Land,
notwithstanding that my present social position is different to the
one I occupied in Russia, and also notwithstanding the fact that the
life here, too, is quite different to life in Russia; nevertheless, I have
never yet thought that I came out here on a wild-goose chase (to
say nothing of the children, who cry when we, jokingly, talk of
returning to Russia), in spite of the fact that my actual income—at
present—is smaller than it was in Russia, life here is in no case
worse. The explanation makes this assertion obvious. I do not have
to pay mad sums of money for the rent of my house, its heating, the
educating and upbringing of my children, expensive warm clothing is
unnecessary, there is no need for you to worry about to-morrow,
and at last, but by no means leastly, for your own freedom and
absolute liberty. All this gives a deep reason why Russians should
emigrate to Australia....’
“As previously stated, the above are extracts from Mr. Godalov’s
open letter, he is well-known by the farmers of his district. Other
characteristic cases are those of Messrs. Danilchenko and Ilyin, in
North Queensland.
“I satisfy myself with mentioning just these few cases, but, of
course, there are a good many other similar cases amongst the
Russian colony in Queensland. I have taken the above cases at
random, and think that they clearly illustrate that a good, honest,
and energetic Russian agriculturist cannot find a country with more
favourable conditions than those offered him by Queensland for
applying his knowledge and labour to.
“In view of my having received a large number of inquiries as to
the shortest space of time in which profit can be obtained from land
still to be cleared, I, in the interests of intending emigrants, would
like to give the following facts, which are based on my own
experiences:—
Mr. A. Mendrin’s Experiences.
“We will say, then, that you have gone through the formalities of
obtaining your land (in Queensland they are not complicated). From
the first day of your arrival on your farm you will start cutting down
your trees (these are mostly soft), a normally healthy agricultural
peasant should fell from 2 to 2-1/2 acres of brigalow scrub in a
week. In this way in a month’s time you should have about ten acres
of trees felled, provided you started this during the summer months.
You will want, say 2-1/2 months, for the fallen timber to dry before
you burn it. Having burnt it, you promptly start sowing maize
between the stumps, and while this is taking root you continue
felling or putting up your fence, as the case may be. It will take
about 105 days for your maize to grow. You then pull the cobs, and
prepare them for drying and threshing, which should take about two
weeks, at the end of which time you will be in a position to realise
your first crop. Virgin soil in the district I am speaking of (Wycarbah)
will yield about 60 bushels of maize to the acre; that is, from 10
acres you will get 600 bushels; the average price is 3s. per bushel,
or £90 for the 10 acres you have cleared. In this way seven months
have gone by since the day on which you started work, and you
have £90 in your pocket, less from £10 to £12 for various expenses,
such as packing, delivery, &c. I would like to make it quite clear that
I have taken only the average price of maize above. Lately this
article has been quoted at Rockhampton at from 4s. to 4s. 3d. per
bushel.
“Knowing how popular pig and poultry breeding and farming is
amongst Russian peasantry, I can say, with conviction, that these
two yield a very good source of income, as do all other branches of
pastoral and agricultural enterprise, all of which I cannot give details
of here in view of the space such information would take up.
“Finally, I consider it my bounden duty to assert that my two
years of careful study of agricultural and other conditions of life in
Queensland give me good foundation on which to consider this
country as the
Most Convenient, Favourable, and Attractive Country
for the average Russian agricultural or other peasant to emigrate
to.
“I have to express my thanks to the Lands Department for the
kindness and attention shown by them in all cases when Russian
subjects have approached them requesting advice and assistance.”
For fuller information in regard to the resources, modes of land
selection, and general description of Queensland, see the booklet,
entitled “Pocket Queensland.”
Compiled 31st December, 1914.
By Authority: Anthony J. Cumming, Government Printer, Brisbane.
Queensland Statistics, 1913.
Area of Queensland 429,120,000 acres
Population 660,158
Imports (oversea only) £6,714,942
Exports (oversea only) £12,352,748
Number of Cattle 5,322,033
Number of Sheep 21,786,600
Miles of Railways opened
(Govt. and Private),
31st December, 1914
5,186
Miles of Lines under
Construction
389
Miles of Lines approved 1,723
Death Rate per 1,000 10·39
Healthy Climate. Magnificent Scenery.
Liberal Land Laws.
Transcriber’s Notes:
Front and back covers of the brochure contain text and images, so have been
transcribed.
Page 3: livihood changed to livelihood.
Page 9: rhubard changed to rhubarb.
Page 45: Plunket changed to Plunkett.
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    1 Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Manual for Human Resource Management 15th Edition Martocchio • Full chapter at: https://testbankbell.com/product/solu tion-manual-for-human-resource- management-15th-edition- martocchio/ CHAPTER 1 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: AN OVERVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1.1 Define human resource management (HRM) and the importance of studying it 1.2 Describe who performs HRM 1.3 Explain how the HRM function serves as a strategic business partner and the elements of the dynamic HRM environment 1.4 Discuss the role of HRM in building corporate culture and employer branding 1.5 Summarize HRM issues for small businesses 1.6 Identify ways that country culture influences global business 1.7 Explore essential skills for developing your career in HR or any other career path KEY TERMS Human resource management (HRM): The utilization of individuals to achieve organizational objectives. Staffing: Process through which an organization ensures that it always has the proper number of employees with the appropriate skills in the right jobs, at the right time, to achieve organizational objectives. Performance management (PM): Goal-oriented process directed toward ensuring that organizational processes are in place to maximize the productivity of employees, teams, and ultimately, the organization. Human resource development (HRD): Major HRM function consisting not only of training and development, but also of individual career planning and development activities, organization development, and performance management and appraisal. Direct financial compensation (monetary compensation): Pay that a person receives in the form of wages, salary, commissions, and bonuses. Indirect financial compensation (benefits): All financial rewards that are not included in direct financial compensation.
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    2 Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc. Nonfinancial compensation: Satisfaction that person receives from the job itself or from the psychological and/or physical environment in which the person works. Safety: Protection of employees from injuries caused by work-related accidents. Health: Employees’ freedom from physical or emotional illness. Human resource management professional: An individual who normally acts in an advisory or staff capacity, working with other managers to help them address human resource matters. Line managers: Individuals directly involved in accomplishing the primary purpose of the organization.
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    3 Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc. HR outsourcing (HRO): Process of hiring external HR professionals to do the HR work that was previously done internally. Shared service center (SSC): A center that takes routine, transaction-based activities dispersed throughout the organization and consolidates them in one place. Professional employer organization (PEO): A company that leases employees to other businesses. Executive: Top-level manager who reports directly to a corporation’s chief executive officer or to the head of a major division. Generalist: Person who may be an executive and performs tasks in a variety of HR- related areas. Specialist: Individual who may be an HR executive, a human resource manager, or a nonmanager, and who is typically concerned with only one of the six functional areas of human resource management. Profession: Vocation characterized by the existence of a common body of knowledge and a procedure for certifying members. Human capital: As defined by economists, human capital refers to sets of collective skills, knowledge, and ability that employees can apply to create economic value for their employers. Union: Comprised of employees who have joined together for the purpose of dealing with their employer. Shareholders: Owners of a corporation. Human resource information system (HRIS): Any organized approach for obtaining relevant and timely information on which to base human resource decisions. Corporate culture: System of shared values, beliefs, and habits within an organization that interacts with the formal structure to produce behavioral norms. Employer branding: Firm’s corporate image or culture focused on attracting the type of employees the firm is seeking. Country’s culture: Set of values, symbols, beliefs, language, and norms that guide human behavior within the country. LECTURE OUTLINE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Human resource management (HRM) can be defined as the optimal utilization of individuals to achieve organizational objectives. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS Six functional areas are associated with effective human resource management: staffing, human resource development, performance management, compensation, safety and health, and employee and labor relations.
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    4 Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc. ● STAFFING—Process through which an organization ensures that it always has the proper number of employees with the appropriate skills in the right jobs, at the right time, to achieve organizational objectives. ● Job analysis: Systematic process of determining the skills, duties, and knowledge required for performing specific jobs in an organization. ● Human resource planning: Systematic process of matching the internal and external supply of people with job openings anticipated in the organization over a specified period of time. ● Recruitment: Process of attracting qualified individuals and encouraging them to apply for work with the organization. ● Selection: Process through which the organization chooses, from a group of applicants, those individuals best suited both for open positions and the company. ● PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT—A goal-oriented activity to ensure organizational processes are in place to maximize the productivity of employees, teams, and ultimately, the organization. ● Performance appraisal: A formal system to review and evaluate individual or team performance. ● HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT—A major HRM function consisting not only of training and development, but also of career planning and development activities, organization development, performance management, and appraisal. ● Training: Activities designed to provide learners with the knowledge and skills needed for their present jobs. ● Organization development (OD): A planned and systematic attempt to change the organization to a more behavioral environment. ● Career planning: Ongoing process whereby an individual sets career goals and identifies the means to achieve them. ● Career development: Formal approach used by the organization to ensure that people with the proper qualifications and experiences are available when needed.
  • 9.
    5 Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc. ● COMPENSATION—All rewards that individuals receive as a result of their employment. ● Direct Financial Compensation: Pay that a person receives in the form of wages, salaries, bonuses, and commissions. ● Indirect Financial Compensation (Benefits): All financial rewards that are not included in direct compensation such as paid vacations, sick leave, holidays, and medical insurance. ● Nonfinancial Compensation: Satisfaction that a person receives from the job itself or from the psychological and/or physical environment in which the person works. ● EMPLOYEE AND LABOR RELATIONS—Businesses are required by law to recognize a union and bargain with it in good faith if the firm’s employees want the union to represent them. Internal employee relations comprise the human resource management activities associated with the movement of employees within the organization such as promotions, demotion, termination, and resignation. ● SAFETY AND HEALTH—Employees who work in a safe environment and enjoy good health are more likely to be productive and yield long-term benefits to the organization. ● Safety: Activities involved in protecting employees from injuries caused by work-related accidents. ● Health: Activities involved in securing the employees’ freedom from illness and their general physical and mental well-being. ● HUMAN RESOURCE DATA ANALYTICS—Pervades all HRM functional areas and the researcher’s laboratory is the entire work environment. Human resource research is key to developing the most productive and satisfied workforce possible. Data analytics go a long way towards establishing the HRM function as a strategic business partner. ● INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF HRM FUNCTIONS—All HRM functional areas are highly interrelated. WHO PERFORMS THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES? The person or units who perform human resource management tasks has changed dramatically in recent years.
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    6 Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc. ● HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL—An individual who normally acts in an advisory (or staff) capacity when working with other (line) managers regarding human resource matters. ● LINE MANAGERS—Individuals directly involved in accomplishing the primary purpose of the organization. As the traditional work of HR managers diminishes, line managers are stepping up and performing some duties typically done by human resource professionals. ● HR OUTSOURCING—Process of hiring an external provider to do the work that was previously done internally. ● Discrete services outsourcing: Involves one element of a business process or a single set of high-volume repetitive functions such as benefits. ● Business process outsourcing (BPO): The transfer of the majority of HR services to a third party. ● HR SHARED SERVICE CENTERS—Take routine, transaction-based activities that are dispersed throughout the organization and consolidate them in one place. ● PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYER ORGANIZATION (PEO)—Company that leases employees to other businesses. When a decision is made to use a professional employer organization, the company releases its employees who are then hired by the PEO. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROFESSION There are various designations in the human resource management profession. ● EXECUTIVE—A top-level manager who reports directly to a corporation’s chief executive officer or to the head of a major division is called an executive. ● GENERALIST—A person who may be an executive and performs tasks in a variety of HR-related areas is called a Generalist. ● SPECIALIST—An individual who may be an HR executive, a human resource manager, or a non-manager, and who is typically concerned with only one of the five functional areas of human resource management.
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    7 Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc. ● PROFESSION: Vocation characterized by the existence of a common body of knowledge and a procedure for certifying members. Professions have representative organizations. In HR these include the Society for Human Resource Management, the Human Resource Certification Institute, the Association for Talent Development, and WorldatWork. Opportunities and compensation in this profession are growing. HUMAN RESOURCES AS A STRATEGIC BUSINESS PARTNER IN A DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT Today’s HR professional must be a strategic business partner with upper management. HR must thoroughly understand all aspects of the businesses they support. Working as a strategic partner requires a deeper and broader understanding of business issues. The HR professional must inform executives of the key role employees play in achieving organizational goals. Doing so requires HR professionals to understand the role of capital in value creation. ● CAPITAL: The factors that enable companies to generate income, increase company stock prices, economic value, strong brand identity, and reputation. ● HUMAN CAPITAL: As defined by economists, refers to sets of collective skills, knowledge, and ability that employees can apply to create economic value for their employers. DYNAMIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT Many interrelated factors affect the five HRM functions. Factors outside an organization’s boundaries that affect a firm’s human resources make up the external environment. ● LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS—Federal, state, and local legislation, and the many court decisions interpreting this legislation, in addition to many presidential executive orders, have had a major impact on human resource management. ● LABOR MARKET—Potential employees located within the geographic area from which employees are normally recruited. ● SOCIETY—Society may also exert pressure on human resource management. ● Ethics: Discipline dealing with what is good and bad, or right and wrong, or with moral duty and obligation. ● Corporate social responsibility: Implied, enforced, or felt obligation of managers, acting in their official capacity, to serve or protect the interests of groups other than themselves.
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    8 Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc. ● POLITICAL PARTIES—There are two major political parties in the United States. These parties often have differing opinions on human resource topics. ● UNIONS—Employees who have come together for the purpose of dealing collectively with their employer are collectively called a union. A union is treated as an environmental factor because they become a third party when dealing with the company. ● SHAREHOLDERS—Owners of a corporation are called shareholders. Because shareholders have invested money in a firm, they may at times challenge programs considered by management to be beneficial to the organization. ● COMPETITION—Firms may face intense competition in both their product or service and labor markets. ● CUSTOMERS—People who actually use a firm’s goods and services. Management has the task of ensuring that its employment practices do not antagonize the members of the market it serves. ● HR TECHNOLOGY—The world has never before seen the rapid rate of technological change that is occurring today. The development of technology has created new roles for HR professionals but also places additional pressures on them to keep abreast of the technology. With the increased sophistication of technology has come the ability to design more useful human resource information systems (HRIS). An HRIS is any organized approach for obtaining relevant and timely information on which to base human resource decisions. Cloud computing, which is a means of providing software and data via the Internet, and the use of mobile devices are changing the way that HR work is performed. Social media is also an important HR tool, in particular for use in recruiting. ● ECONOMY—As a generalization, when the economy is booming, it is often more difficult to recruit qualified workers. ● UNANTICIPATED EVENTS—Many of the human resource functions require modification when unanticipated events such as major weather incidents occur.
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    9 Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc. THE ROLE OF HRM IN BUILDING CORPORATE CULTURE AND EMPLOYER BRANDING As an internal environmental factor affecting human resource management, corporate culture refers to the firm’s social and psychological climate. ● CORPORATE CULTURE: The system of shared values, beliefs, and habits within an organization that interacts with the formal structure to produce behavioral norms. An infinite variety of cultures could exist, so one should view them as a continuum. ● EMPLOYER BRANDING: The firm’s corporate image or culture created to attract and retain the type of employees the firm is seeking ● Diversity management: Pursuing an inclusive corporate culture which makes everyone feel welcome. ● Organizational fit: Management’s perception of the degree to which an individual fits with the culture. ● New hire orientation: The corporate culture by showing how things are done ● Talent management: The strategic endeavor to optimize the use of employees to drive short and long-term organizational results. ● Organizational development: A means to achieving change in corporate culture. ● Country’s culture: The set of values, symbols, beliefs, languages, and norms that guide human behavior within the country. It is learned behavior that develops as individuals grow from childhood to adulthood. EMPLOYER BRANDING Employer branding is the firm’s corporate image or culture focused on attracting the type of employees the firm is seeking. Through employer branding, people get to know what the company stands for, the people it hires, the fit between jobs and people, and the results it recognizes and rewards. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN SMALL BUSINESSES Typically the same HR functions previously identified must be accomplished by small business, but the manner in which they are accomplished may be altered. Small businesses often do not have a formal HR unit or HRM specialists, rather, line managers handle the HR functions. The focus of their activities is generally on hiring and retaining
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    10 Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc. capable employees. Some aspects of HR functions may actually be more significant in smaller firms than in larger ones. COUNTRY CULTURE AND GLOBAL BUSINESS A country’s culture is the set of values, symbols, beliefs, languages, and norms that guide human behavior within the country. Cultural differences between countries are a major factor influencing global business. This borderless world adds dramatically to the difficulty of managing employees. Cultural differences reveal themselves in everything from the workplace environments to differences in the concept of time, space, and social interaction. Cultural misunderstandings are common, but they can be hazards to executives managing global workforces, creating significant challenges in managing a firm’s human resources. DEVELOPING SKILLS FOR YOUR CAREER You will have the opportunity to develop many of the skills that employers have identified as critical to success in the workplace. ● Communication: The effective use of oral, written, and nonverbal skills for multiple purposes, effective listening, and teamwork. ● Critical thinking: The purposeful and goal-directed thinking used to define and solve problems. ● Collaboration: Individuals actively work together on a task and construct meaning and knowledge as a group through dialogue and negotiation. ● Knowledge applicator and analysis: The ability to learn a concept and then appropriately apply that knowledge in another setting to achieve a higher level of understanding. ● Business ethics and social responsibility: Business ethics are sets of guiding principles that influence the way individuals and organizations behave within the society that they operate. ● Corporate social responsibility is the implied, enforced, or felt obligation of managers to serve or protect the interests of groups other than themselves. ● Corporate sustainability focuses on the possible future impact of an organization on society, including social welfare, the economy, and the environment. ● Information technology application and computing skills: The ability to select
  • 15.
    11 Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc. and use appropriate technology to accomplish a given task. ● Data literacy: The ability to access, assess, interpret, manipulate, summarize, and communicate data. ANSWERS TO CHAPTER 1 QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW 1-1. Define human resource management. What HRM functions must be performed regardless of the organization’s size? Human resource management is the utilization of a firm’s human resources to achieve organizational objectives. The following functions are necessary for any size organization. Staffing: Process through which an organization ensures that it always has the proper number of employees with the appropriate skills in the right jobs, at the right time, to achieve organizational objectives. Human resource development: Major HRM function consisting not only of training and development, but also of career planning and development activities, organization development, and performance management and appraisal. Compensation: Compensation includes all rewards individuals receive as a result of their employment. The reward may be one or a combination of the following: ● Direct financial compensation: Pay that a person receives in the form of wages, salaries, commissions, and bonuses. ● Indirect financial compensation (Benefits): All financial rewards that are not included in direct compensation such as paid vacations, sick leave, holidays, and medical insurance. ● Nonfinancial compensation: Satisfaction that a person receives from the job itself or from the psychological and/or physical environment in which the person works. Safety and health: Safety involves protecting employees from injuries due to work-related accidents. Health refers to the employees’ freedom from illness, and their general physical and mental well-being.
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    12 Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc. Employee and labor relations: Even with the projected decline in union membership, a business firm is required by law to recognize a union, and bargain with it in good faith, if the firm’s employees want the union to represent them. 1-2. Define profession. Do you believe that the field of human resource management is a profession? Explain your answer. Profession is a vocation characterized by the existence of a common body of knowledge and a procedure for certifying members. Performance standards are established by members of the profession rather than by outsiders; that is, the profession is self- regulated. Most professions also have effective representative organizations that permit members to exchange ideas of mutual concern. These characteristics apply to the field of human resources, and several well-known organizations serve the profession. 1-3. What are the environmental factors that affect HRM? Describe each one. ● Legal considerations: Another significant external force affecting human resource management relates to federal, state, and local legislation, and the many court decisions interpreting this legislation. In addition, many presidential executive orders have had a major impact on human resource management. ● Labor market: Potential employees located within the geographic area from which employees are normally recruited. ● Society: Society may also exert pressure on human resource management. If a firm is to remain acceptable to the general public, it must be capable of accomplishing its purpose in line with societal norms. ● Political parties: There are two major political parties in the United States. These parties often have differing opinions on human resource topics. ● Unions: Group of employees who have joined together for the purpose of dealing collectively with their employer. ● Shareholders: Owners of a corporation. Because shareholders have invested money in a firm, they may at times challenge programs considered by management to be beneficial to the organization. ● Competition: For a firm to succeed, grow, and prosper, it must be able to maintain a supply of competent employees. Other organizations are also striving toward that objective.
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    13 Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc. ● Customers: Because sales are critical to the firm’s survival, management has the task of ensuring that its employment practices do not antagonize members of the market it serves. ● HR technology: The development of technology has created new roles for HR professionals but also places additional pressures on them to keep abreast of the technology. With the increased sophistication of technology has come the ability to design more useful human resource information systems (HRIS). ● Economy: The economy of the nation—on the whole—and of its various segments is a major environmental factor affecting human resource management. As a generalization, when the economy is booming, it is often more difficult to recruit qualified workers. On the other hand, when a downturn is experienced, more applicants are typically available. ● Unanticipated events: Occurrences in the external environment that could not be foreseen such as a significant weather event. 1-4. How might HR technology affect the various HR functions? There is no doubt that HR technology is truly the trend of the future. There are many advantages to using HR technology, but the most important benefit is that it lets HR professionals accomplish their tasks in a quicker and more efficient manner. Cloud computing can change the way HR work is performed as secure access to applications can happen anywhere. HR professionals are not required to work in their office; HR tasks can be performed anywhere there is a signal. While this will affect all functions of HR, recruitment is likely most affected as social media can be used to build a company’s brand and attract potential employees. 1-5. Define corporate culture. Explain why corporate culture is a major internal environment factor. Corporate culture is defined as the system of shared values, beliefs, and habits within an organization that interacts with the formal structure to produce behavioral norms. Culture gives people a sense of how to behave and what they ought to be doing. Each individual gradually forms such perceptions over a period of time as the person performs assigned activities under the general guidance of a superior and a set of organizational policies. The culture existing within a firm influences the employee's’ degree of satisfaction with the job, as well as the level and quality of their performance. 1-6. This chapter describes HR’s changing role in business. Describe each component that is involved in HRM.
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    14 Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc. HR professionals are increasingly taking on the role of a strategic partner with upper management within organizations. To become a strategic partner, HR must understand the company as a whole and build HR systems to support the organization’s strategy. This includes all the functions of HR such as staffing, compensation, performance management, human resource development, safety and health, and labor and employee relations. 1-7. How does HRM become more complex as a company's workforce reaches 25 employees? New small businesses are faced with a host of federal and state government regulatory requirements, tax laws, and compensation demands. The SBA has identified various compliance steps for new small businesses. Before anyone is hired, an Employment Identification Number (EIN) should be obtained. EINs can be acquired online from the IRS and are needed to report taxes as well as information about new employees to state government. Then, procedures for withholding taxes should be made. The IRS requires that businesses keep records of employment taxes for at least four years. This includes employee wages, tips, and sickness records, as well as employee tax withholding certificates. Verification of eligibility to work is required for new employees within three days of the hire date. An Employment Eligibility Verification Form I-9 must be completed. Also all employers are required to report newly hired and rehired employees to a state directory within 20 days of their hire or rehire date. Workers’ compensation insurance should then be obtained. Any business that hires employees must carry this insurance. A new business should also register for unemployment insurance tax. Small businesses may also be required to pay unemployment insurance tax. New companies should also check to see if they are required to purchase disability insurance. Some states require employers to provide partial wage replacement insurance coverage to eligible employees for non-work related sickness or injury. Laws also require that the business prominently display posters that inform employees of their rights and the small business’s responsibilities to them under labor laws. New employers now have different and new federal and state tax filing requirements that apply. Once the above discussed tasks have been completed, new small businesses can focus on creating a fulfilling, safe, and fair workplace. 1-8. What are the various designations associated with the HRM profession?
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    15 Copyright © 2019Pearson Education, Inc. ● Executive: Top-level manager who reports directly to a corporation’s chief executive officer or to the head of a major division. ● Generalist: Person who may be an executive and performs tasks in a variety of HR-related areas. ● Specialist: Individual who may be an HR executive, a human resource manager, or a nonmanager, and who is typically concerned with only one of the five functional areas of human resource management. 1-9. What has been the evolution of HRM? Traditionally, separate functions such as staffing, training and development, compensation, safety and health, and labor relations (if the firm was unionized) were created and placed under the direction of a human resource manager or executive. Large firms might have had a manager and staff for each HR function that reported to the HR executive. The HR vice president worked closely with top management in formulating corporate policy. Today, the person or persons who perform HR tasks is certainly different than it was even a decade ago. As more and more companies use alternative means to accomplish HR tasks, the role of the traditional HR manager is diminishing. HR must now enter into the business of strategic HR, focus more on the bottom line of the organization, and leave the more administrative tasks to technology or others. 1-10. Explain how the seven employability skills matte regardless of your career aspirations. Communication is defined as effective use of oral, written, and nonverbal skills for multiple purposes. You will gain insight into your and your group member’s strengths and weaknesses pertaining to communication and collaboration skills. Critical thinking involves purposeful and goal-directed thinking used to define and solve problems, make decisions or form judgements related to a situation or set of circumstances. Critical thinking, which includes self-assessment and personal reflection, will help you understand yourself and finding your voice will help you approach situations within and outside the employment setting with greater confidence. Collaboration takes place when individuals actively work together on a task, constructing meaning and knowledge as a group through dialogue and negotiation resulting in a product reflective of their join interdependent actions. HR professional and managers throughout the organization work together to address important workplace issues.
  • 20.
    Exploring the Varietyof Random Documents with Different Content
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    “In addition tothose mentioned above, the following also took land in the vicinity of Wycarbah:—Messrs. Bikovsky, Pagin, and Krasnih. We Do Not Repent having Left our Native Land. “In order to clearly show what a Russian’s opinion of Queensland is, I will now give a few extracts from a letter written by a Mr. Godalov, of Canungra, South Coast line, dated 24th February, 1911, and published in certain Russian newspapers:—’... and so I am to be congratulated; 160 acres of superb land, with a healthy beautiful climate, within 30 miles of the sea, at an elevation of 3,000 feet, and this for 32s. an acre and 20 years to pay it in. I consider it my duty to assure you that We do not Repent ever having left our Native Land, notwithstanding that my present social position is different to the one I occupied in Russia, and also notwithstanding the fact that the life here, too, is quite different to life in Russia; nevertheless, I have never yet thought that I came out here on a wild-goose chase (to say nothing of the children, who cry when we, jokingly, talk of returning to Russia), in spite of the fact that my actual income—at present—is smaller than it was in Russia, life here is in no case worse. The explanation makes this assertion obvious. I do not have to pay mad sums of money for the rent of my house, its heating, the educating and upbringing of my children, expensive warm clothing is unnecessary, there is no need for you to worry about to-morrow, and at last, but by no means leastly, for your own freedom and absolute liberty. All this gives a deep reason why Russians should emigrate to Australia....’ “As previously stated, the above are extracts from Mr. Godalov’s open letter, he is well-known by the farmers of his district. Other characteristic cases are those of Messrs. Danilchenko and Ilyin, in North Queensland. “I satisfy myself with mentioning just these few cases, but, of course, there are a good many other similar cases amongst the
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    Russian colony inQueensland. I have taken the above cases at random, and think that they clearly illustrate that a good, honest, and energetic Russian agriculturist cannot find a country with more favourable conditions than those offered him by Queensland for applying his knowledge and labour to. “In view of my having received a large number of inquiries as to the shortest space of time in which profit can be obtained from land still to be cleared, I, in the interests of intending emigrants, would like to give the following facts, which are based on my own experiences:— Mr. A. Mendrin’s Experiences. “We will say, then, that you have gone through the formalities of obtaining your land (in Queensland they are not complicated). From the first day of your arrival on your farm you will start cutting down your trees (these are mostly soft), a normally healthy agricultural peasant should fell from 2 to 2-1/2 acres of brigalow scrub in a week. In this way in a month’s time you should have about ten acres of trees felled, provided you started this during the summer months. You will want, say 2-1/2 months, for the fallen timber to dry before you burn it. Having burnt it, you promptly start sowing maize between the stumps, and while this is taking root you continue felling or putting up your fence, as the case may be. It will take about 105 days for your maize to grow. You then pull the cobs, and prepare them for drying and threshing, which should take about two weeks, at the end of which time you will be in a position to realise your first crop. Virgin soil in the district I am speaking of (Wycarbah) will yield about 60 bushels of maize to the acre; that is, from 10 acres you will get 600 bushels; the average price is 3s. per bushel, or £90 for the 10 acres you have cleared. In this way seven months have gone by since the day on which you started work, and you have £90 in your pocket, less from £10 to £12 for various expenses, such as packing, delivery, &c. I would like to make it quite clear that I have taken only the average price of maize above. Lately this
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    article has beenquoted at Rockhampton at from 4s. to 4s. 3d. per bushel. “Knowing how popular pig and poultry breeding and farming is amongst Russian peasantry, I can say, with conviction, that these two yield a very good source of income, as do all other branches of pastoral and agricultural enterprise, all of which I cannot give details of here in view of the space such information would take up. “Finally, I consider it my bounden duty to assert that my two years of careful study of agricultural and other conditions of life in Queensland give me good foundation on which to consider this country as the Most Convenient, Favourable, and Attractive Country for the average Russian agricultural or other peasant to emigrate to. “I have to express my thanks to the Lands Department for the kindness and attention shown by them in all cases when Russian subjects have approached them requesting advice and assistance.” For fuller information in regard to the resources, modes of land selection, and general description of Queensland, see the booklet, entitled “Pocket Queensland.” Compiled 31st December, 1914. By Authority: Anthony J. Cumming, Government Printer, Brisbane. Queensland Statistics, 1913. Area of Queensland 429,120,000 acres Population 660,158 Imports (oversea only) £6,714,942 Exports (oversea only) £12,352,748 Number of Cattle 5,322,033 Number of Sheep 21,786,600
  • 24.
    Miles of Railwaysopened (Govt. and Private), 31st December, 1914 5,186 Miles of Lines under Construction 389 Miles of Lines approved 1,723 Death Rate per 1,000 10·39 Healthy Climate. Magnificent Scenery. Liberal Land Laws.
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    Front and backcovers of the brochure contain text and images, so have been transcribed. Page 3: livihood changed to livelihood. Page 9: rhubard changed to rhubarb. Page 45: Plunket changed to Plunkett.
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