النفايات الصلبه

1. Community
medicine
SOLID WASTE
‫وإرشادفارشإ‬ ‫روتكدلا‬:
- ‫دمحم‬ ‫ينالوخلا‬

2. Solid wastes:
Solid wastes consist of street refuse
everything that you see lying over streets.
market refuse
vegetable and animal remnant.
stable litter
animal feeds and feces.
industrial waste
may range from inert substances like chalk, or dangerous
one slike batteries.
Solid wastes

3. office waste
(mostly paper, carbon paper, plastic
Solid wastes
Refuse and domestic
plastic, ash, garbage and rubbish.
and rubbish is inorgan
ic solid waste paper, e
tc..
Garbage is organic s
olid waste
(i.e. vegetable peel)

4. Solid wastes

6. Waste minimization
The more waste we generate, the more we have to
dispose.
Instead of discarding old clothes and getting a new
PC every holidays,would not’ it be better if we try
to get more out of every product?
Solid wastes
You can always use the leftover pages of your old
diary

7. We could do shopping in old-fashioned big
shoppers made of jute rathern than the plastic
carry bags.
Solid wastes
Waste minimization
instead of starting a new one this year (remember, paper i
s tree).
And we could altogether stop using any ‘use and throw’ite
ms
(what aderogatory phrase that is!). When you think of it, t
here is a lot we can do.

8. Solid wastes
•
Sorting and recycling
Sorting and recycling allows recovery of ra
w materials which can be later used to m
anufacturers new products .

9. Solid wastes
•
Sorting and recycling
We can sort out waste i
n our homes and place
the recyclable ones in
a different bin.
Those which can be recy
cled are glass ,plastic,al
uminuim, cardboard,stee
l,paper, and card,wood,
metal,building site waste
,cans.

10. Solid wastes
•
Storage
the best place to store s
olid waste , until it is pic
ked up , is a closed dus
tbin or disposal paper b
ag .
whatever the design,it
must be ensured that fli
es do not have access t
o it.

11. Solid wastes
•
Collection
We have a habit of picki
ng everything in a plast
ic bag and throwing it o
ut to the open street .
It is only recently that d
oor to door collection of
waste has been initiate
d in major cities of India
.

12. Solid wastes
•
Methods of
disposal
Dumping
•
This most unreasonable practice is still in
Kolkata.

13. Solid wastes
:Composting
Composting is a process that
has always existed in its
natural state. Today, with
modern technologies, this
process can be accelerated
and monitored efficiently. It
is an excellent way of
regenerating soils
impoverished by intensive
farming

14. Solid wastes
•
Four types of waste are accepted in the
composting facilities:
• Waste from the wood industry (bark,
shavings), the paper industry and the
food industry
• Farming waste: Manure, mineral fertilizers, etc.
• Household waste (food, garden)
• Sludge from the sewage plants.

15. Solid wastes
Composting:
Composting is a process
based on the decomposition
of organic matter by
microorganisms in the
presence of oxygen. The
result is a stable organic
product, which is both
hygienic and rich in humus.

16. Solid wastes
Composting:
This process, which normally takes several months,
can be speeded up and controlled using various
techniques. Once the composting process is
finished, a product called compost is obtained,
which is mainly used for agriculture Manure

17. Solid wastes
:Landfill
Waste that can neither be
reused nor receive special
processing is stored in landfills.
A landfill requires high technical
standards in order to protect the
environment and
local communities.

18. Solid wastes
It is very important taking into :
account
• Location should not be too close to housing or a
water source
• To ensure that waste does not leak into groundwater
• To block flies and rodents from access to the waste
• The construction of a cover, in order to Minimise
rainwater penetration.

19. Solid wastes
Landfill:
Overtime, waste, which decomposes produces
biogas, a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane.
Biogas is collected and then used in energy
production, (at the same time the emission to the
atmosphere of methane is avoided).

20. Solid wastes
Landfill:
Apart from biogas, the decomposition of landfilled
waste produces a liquid known as “leachate”.
Leachates contain heavy metals, salts, nitrogenous
compounds and varioustypes of organic matter. Due
to its high polluting potential, it is needed that this
leachate is collected and treated to avoid environment
contamination

21. Nowadays, energy recovery goes hand-by-hand wi
th waste elimination. There are
different ways of getting energy from waste: Inciner
ation,
gasification,
anerobic ingestion .
Solid wastes
Energy from the waste

22. Incineration allows obtaining energy at the same time
that the volume of
waste is reduced, as well as the use of landfill. Three
different kind of waste are accepted in an incineration
facility:
Household waste- 1
Nonhazardous industrial waste -2
Rejects from sorting centers.-3
Incineration
Solid wastes

23. The waste is then burnt at temperatures reaching 10
00°C, producing steam
that turns turbines, which in turn produce electricity.
The fumes produced in
the combustion are treated by a dry or wet method.
Ashes can be reused in civil
engineering.
Solid wastes
Incineration

24. In the anerobic digestion process, the organic portio
n of the waste is separated
and then placed in a sealed reactor. In the reactor, t
he conditions necessary for
biological degradation are created which allows the
production of biogas, that can
be used as a fuel to produce electricity.
Solid wastes
Energy from the waste

25. Gasification and advanced plasma arc gasification are
used to convert organic
materials directly into a synthetic gas (syngas) compos
ed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
The gas is then burnt to produce electricity and steam
Solid wastes
Energy from the waste

26. DONE DY:
•
Maria Almethali
•
Shahd Osama
•
Ola’a AlKebsei
•
Hadeel Alabsei
•
Hadeel Alhashedi
•
Manal Adel Saleh Amer