SOLID-WASTE-MANAGEMENT

1. Solid Waste Management
Engr. Nico John Rosaldo Abratique, M.Engg

2. Solid Waste
• Solid waste refers to the range of garbage materials arising from
animal and human activities that are discarded as unwanted and use
less.
• Commonly called as refuse or trash, all the things we throw away,
and all wastes that were not transported by water and has been
rejected for further use
• Solid waste is generated from:
• Industrial
• Residential
• Commercial activities in a given area, and maybe handled in a variety of ways

3. Municipal Solid Waste
• Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) – all the wastes generated in a
community with the exception of industrial wastes and agricultural
solid wastes.
• Common MSW’s:
• Garbage – putrescible/biodegradable food wastes
• Rubbish – non putrescible solid wastes
• Combustible – paper, plastics, textiles, etc.
• Noncombustible – glass, metal, masonry, etc.
• Special wastes – construction debris, leaves and street litter, abandoned
automobiles, and old appliances, that are collected at irregular intervals from
different places.

4. Waste Collection
• Policies – In forming policies for MSW, the following questions should
be answered:
• Who will collect?
• What type of solid waste is to be collected?
• How frequent the wastes should be collected?
• Types of Collection
• Municipal Collection – government employs people to facilitate collection
• Contract Collection – government engaged in a contract with private firms
• Private Collection – private residents contracted private firms
*Solid should be collected at least once per week and advised to collect
frequently within a week.

5. Landfill
• A landfill site, also known as a tip, dump, rubbish dump, garbage
dump, trash dump, or dumping ground, is a site for the disposal of
waste materials. Landfill is the oldest and most common form of
waste disposal, although the systematic burial of the waste with daily,
intermediate and final covers only began in the 1940s.
• Landfills are typically classified as:
• Sanitary
• Municipal
• Construction and demolition
• Industrial waste sites

6. Landfill
• The sanitary landfill is a method of disposing waste on land without
disturbing the environment and public health by efficiently utilizing
engineering skills to confine them in the smallest practical area
possible, before reducing the volume by covering with a layer of earth
to ensure the least exposure to the air.
• A municipal solid waste landfill (MSWLF) is a discrete area of land or
excavation that receives household waste. A MSWLF may also receive
other types of nonhazardous wastes, such as commercial solid waste,
nonhazardous sludge, conditionally exempt small quantity generator
waste, and industrial nonhazardous solid waste.

7. Landfill
• A C&D landfill receives construction and demolition debris, which
typically consists of roadwork material, excavated material,
demolition waste, construction/renovation waste, and site clearance
waste. C&D landfills do not receive hazardous waste or industrial solid
waste, unless those landfills meet certain standards and are
permitted to receive such wastes.
• An industrial waste landfill is any landfill other than a municipal solid
waste landfill. It is used to dispose of industrial solid waste, such as
non-hazardous industrial solid waste, commercial solid wastes, or
conditionally exempt small-quantity generator wastes. An industrial
waste landfill includes all disposal areas at the facility.

8. Landfill

9. Landfill
Example of Municipal solid
waste landfill, C&D landfill,
and industrial waste landfill.

10. Solid Waste Management
• Waste can be categorized based on material, such as plastic, paper,
glass, metal, and organic waste.
• Categorization may also be based on hazard potential, including
radioactive, flammable, infectious, toxic, or non-toxic wastes.
• Categories may also pertain to the origin of the waste, whether
industrial, domestic, commercial, institutional, or construction and
demolition.

11. Solid Waste Management
• What is Solid Waste Management? Defined as the discipline
associated with control of generation, storage, collection, transport or
transfer, processing and disposal of solid waste materials in a way that
best addresses the range of public health, conservation, economic,
aesthetic, engineering, and other environmental considerations.
• Solid waste management includes:
• Planning
• Administrative
• Financial
• Engineering
• Legal functions

12. Solid Waste Management
• Main sources of solid waste:
• Medical centers
• Food stores
• Feeding centers
• Food distribution points
• Slaughter areas
• Warehouses
• Agency premises
• Markets
• Domestic areas

13. Solid Waste Management
• Different categories of solid waste:
• Organic waste: Waste from preparation of food, market places, etc.
• Combustibles: Paper, wood, dried leaves, packaging item for relief items, etc.
(high organic and low moisture content)
• Non-combustibles: Metal, tin cans, bottles, stones, etc.
• Ashes/dust: Residue from fire used for cooking
• Bulky waste: Tree branches, tires, etc.
• Dead animals: Carcasses of domestic animals and livestock
• Construction waste: roofing, rubble, broken concrete, etc.

14. Solid Waste Management
Common composition of MSW’s in the Philippines

15. Solid Waste Management

16. Solid Waste Management
Materials Recovery and Recycling
• What is a Materials Recovery
Facility (MRF)?
• A key component of residential and
commercial single stream recycling
programs.
• Receives commingles materials and
uses a combination of equipment and
manual labor to separate and densify
materials in preparation for shipment
downstream to recyclers of the
particular recovered material.